發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-20 17:32

  本文選題：國(guó)家級(jí)紅樹(shù)林保護(hù)區(qū) + 遙感動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)��； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：紅樹(shù)林是生長(zhǎng)在熱帶、亞熱帶地區(qū)海岸潮間帶以紅樹(shù)植物為主體的木本生物群落。紅樹(shù)林濕地是重要的生態(tài)濕地和物種棲息地,在維護(hù)和改善海灣、河口地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境,防風(fēng)固浪,防治近岸水域污染,保護(hù)沿海濕地生物多樣性等方面具有無(wú)法替代的重要作用。從全球范圍來(lái)看,我國(guó)的紅樹(shù)林分布位于世界紅樹(shù)林分布區(qū)的北緣,無(wú)論是種類(lèi)還是分布范圍都具有代表性,因此,我國(guó)紅樹(shù)林對(duì)研究全球紅樹(shù)林的起源和演化都具有特殊價(jià)值,國(guó)家為了保護(hù)我國(guó)數(shù)量不多的紅樹(shù)林,在紅樹(shù)林分布區(qū)域陸續(xù)建立了多個(gè)紅樹(shù)林保護(hù)區(qū),但隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展壓力的增大,導(dǎo)致其保護(hù)成效受到質(zhì)疑,因此開(kāi)展有關(guān)紅樹(shù)林濕地保護(hù)區(qū)保護(hù)有效性評(píng)價(jià)的研究具有重要意義。本文選取福建漳江口紅樹(shù)林國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)、廣東湛江紅樹(shù)林國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)、廣西山口紅樹(shù)林國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)和海南東寨港國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)這四個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,以1985、1995、2005和2015年的Landsat TM/OLI遙感數(shù)據(jù)作為數(shù)據(jù)源,首先采用面向?qū)ο蠓诸?lèi)方法對(duì)紅樹(shù)林面積進(jìn)行提取,進(jìn)而運(yùn)用景觀(guān)指數(shù)對(duì)各研究區(qū)內(nèi)的景觀(guān)格局進(jìn)行定量研究,在此基礎(chǔ)上采用信息熵模型對(duì)各研究區(qū)保護(hù)有效性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),并進(jìn)一步探討影響保護(hù)區(qū)保護(hù)有效性的驅(qū)動(dòng)力因素。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)1985～2015年間,漳江口紅樹(shù)林自然保護(hù)區(qū)和山口紅樹(shù)林自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)的紅樹(shù)林面積呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢(shì),東寨港保護(hù)區(qū)和湛江保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)的紅樹(shù)林面積呈現(xiàn)減少的趨勢(shì),其中,山口、湛江和漳江口紅樹(shù)林自然保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)的紅樹(shù)林面積回升時(shí)間與保護(hù)區(qū)建立的年份基本一致。海南東寨港國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū),建立時(shí)間較早(1980年),但由于一系列人為原因,紅樹(shù)林面積波動(dòng)頻繁。(2)運(yùn)用景觀(guān)指數(shù)對(duì)研究區(qū)內(nèi)的紅樹(shù)林景觀(guān)特征進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果表明,與1985年相比,除漳江口紅樹(shù)林自然保護(hù)區(qū)以外,2015年其余三個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)的紅樹(shù)林斑塊數(shù)、斑塊密度、形狀指數(shù)均有所增加。(3)結(jié)合紅樹(shù)林景觀(guān)格局變化結(jié)果,以10 a為時(shí)間間隔,運(yùn)用信息熵模型對(duì)4個(gè)紅樹(shù)林自然保護(hù)區(qū)的保護(hù)有效性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明,1985～2005年間保護(hù)有效性一直較好的是漳江口自然保護(hù)區(qū),而2005～2015年間湛江紅樹(shù)林保護(hù)區(qū)的保護(hù)成效最佳。(4)影響保護(hù)區(qū)保護(hù)有效性的驅(qū)動(dòng)力因素分為自然因素和人為因素。自然因素包括外來(lái)物種入侵、海平面上升、病蟲(chóng)害和其他自然因素等;人為因素包括圍填海、紅樹(shù)林保護(hù)措施的實(shí)施、旅游開(kāi)發(fā)、紅樹(shù)林生境污染和過(guò)度養(yǎng)殖捕撈等,其中,對(duì)圍填海工程建設(shè)對(duì)紅樹(shù)林面積變化具有較大影響。
[Abstract]:Mangroves are woody communities of mangrove plants in tropical and subtropical coastal intertidal zones. Mangrove wetland is an important ecological wetland and species habitat, in the maintenance and improvement of the ecological environment of the gulf and estuarine areas, wind and waves, prevention and control of coastal water pollution, Conservation of coastal wetland biodiversity has an irreplaceable important role. Globally, mangrove distribution in China is located in the northern edge of the mangrove distribution area of the world. Both species and distribution range are representative, so, Mangroves in China are of special value in studying the origin and evolution of mangroves in the world. In order to protect the mangroves in China, mangroves have been established in the mangrove distribution areas one after another. However, with the increasing pressure of social and economic development, the effectiveness of mangrove wetland conservation has been questioned, so it is of great significance to study the effectiveness of mangrove wetland conservation evaluation. This paper selects Zhangjiangkou mangrove National Nature Reserve in Fujian and Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province. The four national wetland nature reserves of Shankou mangrove National Nature Reserve in Guangxi and Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve in Hainan are studied. The Landsat TM / OLI remote sensing data from 1985 / 1995 to 2015 are used as data sources. Firstly, the mangrove area is extracted by object oriented classification method, and then the landscape pattern of each research area is quantitatively studied by using landscape index. On this basis, information entropy model is used to evaluate the conservation effectiveness of each research area. Furthermore, the driving factors influencing the protection effectiveness of protected areas are discussed. The results are as follows: from 1985 to 2015, the mangrove area in Zhangjiangkou mangrove nature reserve and Shankou mangrove nature reserve increased, and the mangrove area in Dongzhagang and Zhanjiang protected areas decreased. Among them, the recovery time of mangrove area in mangrove nature reserve of Shankou, Zhanjiang and Zhangjiangkou is basically consistent with the year when the reserve was established. Hainan Dongzhai Port National Nature Reserve was established earlier (1980, but due to a series of human reasons, mangrove area fluctuated frequently. 2) the landscape index was used to analyze the characteristics of mangrove landscape in the study area. Compared with 1985, the number, density and shape index of mangrove patches in the other three protected areas increased in 2015, except in Zhangjiangkou mangrove nature reserve. The information entropy model was used to evaluate the conservation effectiveness of four mangrove nature reserves. The results show that the Zhanjiang Estuary Nature Reserve has been the most effective conservation area during the period of 1985 and 2005. In Zhanjiang mangrove reserve in 2005 and 2015, the protective effect of mangrove reserve was the best. (4) the driving force factors affecting the conservation effectiveness of Zhanjiang mangrove reserve were natural factors and human factors. Natural factors include invasive alien species, sea-level rise, pests and diseases, and other natural factors; human factors include reclamation, implementation of mangrove conservation measures, tourism development, mangrove habitat pollution and overfishing, among others, It has great influence on mangrove area change in reclamation project.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S759.9

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本文編號(hào)：2045120