發(fā)布時間：2018-05-25 02:28

  本文選題：山地城市公園 + 生態(tài)學方法　； 參考：《重慶大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國西南地區(qū)山地資源豐富,但是隨著經(jīng)濟建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展,人們對山地資源的不合理開發(fā)、利用導致山地生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化、經(jīng)濟效益不佳,使得這些山地水土流失嚴重、生態(tài)環(huán)境問題突出。山地城市公園復(fù)雜的地形地貌,特殊的地質(zhì)條件及豐富的植被使得山地城市公園相比平地公園有更加多樣性的空間、豐富的環(huán)境景觀和多變的視覺景觀。但山地城市公園一般生境異質(zhì)性高、生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感脆弱、地質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定,容易出現(xiàn)土壤侵蝕、水土流失、植被破壞以及滑坡坍塌等生態(tài)問題。山地獨特的地理特征決定了山地城市公園無法按照平原地區(qū)公園的空間布局模式布局,且傳統(tǒng)的公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計理論主要強調(diào)使用功能和視覺美學,無法解決山地城市公園存在的生態(tài)問題。雖然目前國內(nèi)外在山地城市公園和生態(tài)學之間已經(jīng)在理論和實踐領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生了相互的聯(lián)動,然而,兩者之間的聯(lián)系仍然處于相對零散的局面,缺乏系統(tǒng)性的聯(lián)系紐帶。因此,進行山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的生態(tài)學方法研究,建構(gòu)一個系統(tǒng)的山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的生態(tài)學方法框架具有十分重要的意義。基于以上背景,本文選取西南地區(qū)典型的山地城市公園作為研究對象,通過查閱整理相關(guān)文獻資料,結(jié)合實地調(diào)研,在傳統(tǒng)公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計理論的基礎(chǔ)上,融合與山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計相關(guān)的生態(tài)學理論,分析與山地城市公園生態(tài)問題相關(guān)的生態(tài)要素的類型和特征、保護與利用方式及其與山地城市公園空間布局的相互關(guān)系;通過垂直和水平生態(tài)過程兩方面來探討山地城市公園空間格局規(guī)劃的生態(tài)學方法,應(yīng)用生態(tài)敏感性、生態(tài)適宜性的分析方法,對相關(guān)影響因子進行單因子分析及疊加綜合分析,兼顧山地城市公園水平方向上的景觀格局優(yōu)化;再結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的使用功能、視覺景觀要求對分析結(jié)果進行綜合辯護分析,建構(gòu)一個山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的生態(tài)學方法框架,進一步完善山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計理論體系,用于指導已建公園的改造和新建山地城市公園的規(guī)劃設(shè)計。本文具體的研究內(nèi)容主要包括以下三個部分:第一部分:山地城市公園生態(tài)要素的分析方法研究。通過分析山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的各生態(tài)要素的類型與特征,分析其與山地城市公園空間布局的相互影響關(guān)系,并提出對應(yīng)的保護與利用方式。①地形地貌是形成山地結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,以及導致各種生態(tài)現(xiàn)象和生態(tài)過程發(fā)生變化的最根本的因素。本文歸納總結(jié)了山地城市公園不同的地形地貌類型及特征;從生態(tài)角度探討了地形地貌對公園總體空間布局的限制與影響以及不同地形空間類型的合理利用;且歸納總結(jié)了基于地形因子的地形地貌改造與利用方式,使山地城市公園與自然地形地貌有機契合,滿足生態(tài)學規(guī)劃設(shè)計方法的基本要求。②植被是影響山地城市公園景觀生態(tài)格局、維護其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定的關(guān)鍵性生態(tài)要素。植物與環(huán)境相互影響、相互適應(yīng)、相互作用,共同構(gòu)成山地城市公園的生態(tài)與景觀本底。本文首先在歸納總結(jié)山地城市公園植被類型及特征的基礎(chǔ)上,通過分析常規(guī)公園植被規(guī)劃布局方法的局限提出基于生態(tài)觀的植被規(guī)劃布局原則;其次,運用生態(tài)學相關(guān)理論,提出了對原生植被的保護與利用方式;最后從滿足植被生態(tài)功能的角度以及與自然生境條件相適宜兩方面探討了如何進行山地城市公園植被類型的空間規(guī)劃布局。從而得出一種山地城市公園植被規(guī)劃布局的生態(tài)學方法及步驟。③水系是山地城市公園中重要的生態(tài)要素之一,對山地城市公園生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護和總體景觀效果的營造具有極其重要的作用。在以往的山地城市公園建設(shè)中,對于山地城市公園水系景觀的系統(tǒng)生態(tài)研究較少。因此,本文在山地城市公園水景現(xiàn)狀生態(tài)問題研究的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對山地城市公園的調(diào)研分析以及結(jié)合其他資料的收集與整理,從水景的選址、形態(tài)、尺度大小及深度等方面提出了山地城市公園水景生態(tài)規(guī)劃設(shè)計的途徑與方法;其次提出了了以植被的保護和恢復(fù)為核心的山地城市公園水源地的保護策略與途徑;最后提出了山地城市公園中控制污染源、合理布局濱水游憩設(shè)施及場地的水質(zhì)保持途徑與方法。第二部分:山地城市公園空間格局規(guī)劃的生態(tài)學分析方法研究。提出山地城市公園空間格局規(guī)劃的基本原則方法;在基于垂直生態(tài)過程分析的基礎(chǔ)上,提取影響其空間格局的主要生態(tài)因子、土地利用現(xiàn)狀,結(jié)合重慶鴻恩寺森林公園規(guī)劃實例,應(yīng)用生態(tài)敏感性、生態(tài)適宜性等生態(tài)學分析方法對山地城市公園的生態(tài)敏感性、建筑場地及林地的適宜性進行分析與評價;同時,應(yīng)用理想景觀格局模式、水平擴散分析理論對山地城市公園的總體規(guī)劃布局進行了基于水平生態(tài)過程分析的景觀格局優(yōu)化途徑的探討。最后,對上述垂直和水平生態(tài)過程方向的分析與評價結(jié)果進行疊加綜合分析,提出山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的空間布局策略的生態(tài)學途徑和方法。第三部分:山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的生態(tài)學方法框架的構(gòu)建。基于對山地城市公園生態(tài)要素的分析方法與空間格局規(guī)劃的生態(tài)學分析方法研究,結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計程序以及使用功能、視覺景觀需求對上述分析與評價結(jié)果進行融合協(xié)調(diào),提出山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的生態(tài)學方法步驟,建構(gòu)了一個系統(tǒng)完整的山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的生態(tài)學方法框架。即通過將山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的生態(tài)學方法與傳統(tǒng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計方法進行對比研究,提出生態(tài)學方法的特點及優(yōu)勢。在此基礎(chǔ)上挖掘了山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計與生態(tài)學之間的內(nèi)涵聯(lián)系,分析總結(jié)了山地城市設(shè)計中的生態(tài)要素特征與公園物質(zhì)空間要素之間的相關(guān)聯(lián)系。通過對山地城市公園所存在的不足,即設(shè)計觀念不足、設(shè)計脫離自然、自身安全格局不夠健全、山地城市公園建設(shè)所缺乏的文化內(nèi)涵等問題一一做出了解決方案。首先運用哲學的觀念來轉(zhuǎn)變以往我們對山地城市公園的設(shè)計理念,反對人類中心主義注重生態(tài)的建設(shè)和保護,第二從宏觀、中觀、微觀的層面提出規(guī)劃設(shè)計策略,以及所需要運用的技術(shù)手段。第三提出山地城市公園景觀生態(tài)規(guī)劃的方法和步驟,最后整理出山地城市公園景觀生態(tài)規(guī)劃的理論框架�？偨Y(jié),本文試圖以“生態(tài)——空間格局”為核心的新視角提出山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的生態(tài)學方法框架。通過對生態(tài)學理論和山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計理論兩者之間交叉理論的探索,從規(guī)劃設(shè)計角度尋求解決山地城市公園生態(tài)問題的策略與方法;旨在建構(gòu)了一個系統(tǒng)的山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計的生態(tài)學方法框架,完善和補充山地城市公園的規(guī)劃設(shè)計理論體系。本論文研究的最終目標,就是把生態(tài)學和景觀生態(tài)學的相關(guān)理論融合到山地城市公園規(guī)劃設(shè)計中。
[Abstract]:The mountainous resources in the southwest of China are rich, but with the rapid development of economic construction, the irrational exploitation of mountain resources by people leads to the deterioration of the ecological environment and the poor economic benefits, which makes the mountain and soil erosion serious and the ecological environment is outstanding. Rich vegetation makes mountain urban parks have more diversity of space, rich environmental landscape and changeable visual landscape than flat parks. But mountain urban parks have high heterogeneity, fragile ecological environment, unstable geology, and ecological questions such as soil erosion, soil erosion, vegetation destruction and landslide collapse. The unique geographical features of the mountain area determine that the mountain urban parks can not be arranged according to the spatial layout pattern of the parks in the plain area, and the traditional park planning and design theory mainly emphasizes the use of function and visual aesthetics, which can not solve the ecological problems of the mountain urban parks. Although the mountain urban parks and ecology are at home and abroad at present, the mountain urban parks and ecology are at home and abroad. There has been a mutual linkage between theory and practice. However, the relationship between the two is still in a relatively scattered situation and lacks a systematic link. Therefore, the ecological method of planning and design of mountain urban parks is carried out and an ecological framework for the planning and design of mountain urban parks is constructed. It is of great significance. Based on the above background, this paper selects the typical mountain city park in Southwest China as the research object. Through consulting and sorting out the relevant documents, combining with the field investigation and research, the ecological theory related to the planning and design of the mountain city public garden is integrated on the basis of the traditional park planning and design theory, and the analysis and the mountain area are analyzed. The types and characteristics of ecological factors related to ecological problems in urban parks, the relationship between protection and utilization and the spatial distribution of urban parks in mountain cities, and the ecological methods for the planning of the spatial pattern of mountain urban parks through two aspects of vertical and horizontal ecological processes, should be used to analyze the ecological sensitivity and ecological suitability. The single factor analysis and superposition comprehensive analysis of the related factors are carried out, and the landscape pattern optimization in the horizontal direction of the mountain city park is taken into consideration. The use function of the traditional park planning and design is combined, and the visual landscape demands the comprehensive defense analysis of the analysis results, and the ecological method framework of the planning and design of the mountain city park is constructed. Further perfect the theory system of the planning and design of the mountain city park to guide the reconstruction of the built Park and the planning and design of the new mountain city park. The main contents of this paper mainly include the following three parts: the first part: the analysis of the ecological elements of the mountain city park. The types and characteristics of various ecological elements are analyzed, and the interaction relationship with the spatial layout of mountain urban parks is analyzed, and the corresponding protection and utilization methods are put forward. (1) topographic and landform is the most fundamental factor in the formation of mountain structure and function, as well as the changes of various ecological phenomena and ecological processes. The types and features of different terrain and geomorphology are discussed in the park. From the ecological point of view, the limitation and influence of terrain and geomorphology on the overall spatial distribution of the park and the rational use of different types of topographic space are discussed, and the transformation and utilization of topographic Landforms Based on topographic factors are summarized, and the urban park and the natural topography and landforms are organically fit together. To meet the basic requirements of the ecological planning and design method. (2) vegetation is the key ecological factor affecting the landscape ecological pattern of the mountain city park and maintaining the stability of the ecological system. The plant and the environment interact, adapt and interact, together form the biological and landscape background of the mountain city park. This paper first summarizes the mountain area. On the basis of the vegetation types and characteristics of urban parks, the principle of vegetation planning and layout based on the ecological view is put forward by analyzing the limitations of the vegetation planning and layout methods in conventional parks. Secondly, the protection and utilization of primary vegetation is put forward by using the theory of ecology, and the ecological function of vegetation and natural habitats are finally met. The space planning and layout of the vegetation types in the mountain city park is discussed in two aspects. The ecological methods and steps of the layout of the vegetation planning in the mountain city park are obtained. 3. The water system is one of the important ecological elements in the mountain city park, and the protection and overall landscape of the ecological environment of the mountain city park. The construction of the effect is very important. In the construction of the former mountain city park, there are few studies on the system ecology of the water system landscape in the mountain city park. Therefore, on the basis of the research on the current ecological problems of the water landscape in the mountain city park, this article through the investigation and analysis of the public garden of the mountain city and the collection of the other data. In this paper, the ways and methods of the ecological planning and design of the waterscape of the mountain city park are put forward from the location, the shape, the size and the depth of the waterscape. Secondly, the protection strategy and the way of the water source area in the mountain city park are put forward, and the pollution source in the mountain city park is put forward. The second part: the ecological analysis method of the spatial pattern planning of the mountain city park. The basic principle and method of the planning of the spatial pattern of the mountain city park are put forward. On the basis of the vertical ecological process analysis, the main students that affect the spatial pattern of the urban park are extracted. State factors, land use status, combined with the planning examples of Forest Park in Hong En temple in Chongqing, the ecological sensitivity and ecological suitability of ecological sensitivity, ecological suitability and so on, are applied to the analysis and evaluation of the ecological sensitivity of the mountain urban parks, the suitability of the building sites and woodlands. The overall planning and layout of the urban park is discussed based on the analysis of the horizontal ecological process. Finally, the analysis and evaluation results of the above vertical and horizontal ecological processes are superimposed and comprehensive analysis, and the ecological approaches and methods of the spatial layout strategy of the planning and design of the mountain urban parks are put forward. The three part: the construction of the ecological method frame of the planning and design of the mountain city park. Based on the ecological analysis method of the analysis method and the spatial pattern planning of the ecological elements of the mountain city park, combined with the traditional park planning and design procedure and the use function, the visual landscape demand is combined with the results of the analysis and evaluation. The ecological methods and steps of the planning and design of mountain urban parks are put forward, and a systematic and integrated ecological method framework for the planning and design of mountain urban parks is constructed. The characteristics and advantages of the ecological methods are put forward by comparing the ecological methods of the planning and design of the mountain urban parks with the traditional planning and design methods. On this basis, the intension relation between the planning and the ecology of the mountain city park is excavated, and the relationship between the characteristics of the ecological elements in the design of the mountain city and the material space elements of the park is analyzed and summed up. We have made a solution to the problems of the cultural connotation, such as the lack of the construction of the mountain city park. First, we use the philosophy concept to change the design concept of the mountain city park in the past, oppose the anthropocentrism and pay attention to the ecological construction and protection. Second the planning and design strategies are put forward from the macro, middle and micro level. And the technical means to be used. Third the methods and steps of the landscape ecological planning of the mountain city park are put forward. Finally, the theoretical framework of the landscape ecological planning of the mountain city park is finished. The paper tries to put forward the ecological method of the planning and design of the mountain urban park with the new perspective of "ecological space pattern" as the core. Through the exploration of the cross theory between the ecological theory and the planning and design theory of the mountain city park, the strategy and method of solving the ecological problems of the mountain urban park are sought from the point of view of the planning and design, and a systematic ecological framework for the planning and design of the mountain urban Park is designed to improve and supplement the mountain city. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to integrate the theory of ecology and landscape ecology into the planning and design of mountain urban parks.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU986.2

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