本文選題：方以智 + 《藥地炮莊》�。� 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：明代中后期,莊子學(xué)復(fù)興,各類莊學(xué)著作相繼問世。而明遺民的莊子學(xué),乃成為其中最獨(dú)特的一支。從其思想方面來(lái)看,表現(xiàn)為儒、釋、道三教合一,并且普遍借闡釋莊子來(lái)寄寓他們的愛國(guó)思想。方以智的莊學(xué)著作《藥地炮莊》正是這一時(shí)期的產(chǎn)物,代表了遺民莊子學(xué)的最高成就。本文力圖通過(guò)對(duì)《藥地炮莊》書的研究,展示其學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值,以及明遺民在莊學(xué)研究方面所取得的成就。更重要的,則是還原方以智這位“百科全書式的”人物的歷史地位。第一章主要是對(duì)方以智及其莊學(xué)著作的概說(shuō)。文章首先根據(jù)現(xiàn)有古籍資料對(duì)方以智的生平、家世及其交游情況作一梳理,從中可看出方以智學(xué)術(shù)思想的形成對(duì)其莊學(xué)著作的影響。其次,概述《藥地炮莊》的寫作背景,考察明代三教合一思想對(duì)它的內(nèi)在影響,并結(jié)合明朝覆亡的歷史環(huán)境展現(xiàn)作者的遺民心態(tài)。《藥地炮莊》一書征引繁富,包羅萬(wàn)象,對(duì)其版本與編撰體例的考察也是研究的一部分。第二章論述《藥地炮莊》的闡《莊》特色。在義理闡發(fā)方面,方氏既繼承了前人以儒解《莊》、以易解《莊》、以禪解《莊》的學(xué)術(shù)傳統(tǒng),在此基礎(chǔ)上又大膽創(chuàng)新。在以儒解《莊》方面,方氏把莊子視為孔門別傳之孤、儒門正宗,認(rèn)為其傳承的是孔、顏、思、孟的學(xué)說(shuō)。在以《易》解《莊》方面,他主張“《莊》是《易》之變”,把《莊子》視作是《易經(jīng)》風(fēng)教之遺響,從而把以《易》解《莊》推向了前所未有的高度。方以智后期,披緇入禪,主持青原道場(chǎng),講經(jīng)授法,在禪學(xué)方面有很深的造詣。用禪宗公案和打禪語(yǔ)的方法闡釋莊子,是其以禪解《莊》的主要特點(diǎn)。最為獨(dú)特的是,方以智還引進(jìn)了一些西方的科技知識(shí)來(lái)闡釋《莊子》,從西學(xué)角度審視《莊子》,融入了近代化的思想,這在莊學(xué)史上可謂是一枝獨(dú)秀。第三章論述《藥地炮莊》的評(píng)《莊》特色。方以智在闡釋《莊子》義理之時(shí)不僅發(fā)前人所未發(fā),對(duì)《莊子》在文學(xué)藝術(shù)方面的特色也有獨(dú)到的見解。在《藥地炮莊》中,他對(duì)《莊》文的寫法、行文風(fēng)格、語(yǔ)言及文體都作了獨(dú)具個(gè)性的評(píng)點(diǎn),他還從作畫、品畫的角度評(píng)點(diǎn)莊子,對(duì)后世產(chǎn)生了積極影響。第四章概述《藥地炮莊》一書的價(jià)值及影響。此書的價(jià)值主要體現(xiàn)在思想和文化傳承兩個(gè)方面,書中所蘊(yùn)涵的《易》統(tǒng)三教思想、明遺民的《莊》學(xué)思想、唯物主義思想等都對(duì)后世產(chǎn)生了影響。方氏的著作對(duì)后代莊學(xué)著作也產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。其不足之處是多作禪語(yǔ),晦澀難懂,在一定程度上影響了此書的學(xué)術(shù)地位。總之,方以智在其莊學(xué)著作中,體現(xiàn)出了獨(dú)特的闡釋和評(píng)點(diǎn)特色。在明清之際思想紛呈、矛盾融合的學(xué)術(shù)背景下,《莊子》學(xué)大放異彩,作為明遺民《莊》學(xué)的代表作,《藥地炮莊》在《莊》學(xué)史上占據(jù)著重要的一席之地。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Zhuangzi's study was revived, and various kinds of Zhuang's works were published one after another. The Zhuang Zi School of the Ming Dynasty was one of the most unique. In terms of their thoughts, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism are combined, and Zhuangzi's patriotic thought is generally expressed by explaining Chuang Tzu. Fang Yizhi's Zhuangzhuang is the product of this period and represents the highest achievement of Zhuang Zi. This paper tries to show its academic value and the achievements of the Ming people in the study of Zhuang by studying the book of Guanzhuang. What is more important is to restore the historical position of Fang Yizhi, an encyclopedic figure. The first chapter is the introduction to Fang Yizhi and his works. The article firstly combs Fang Yizhi's life, family background and his friends according to the existing ancient books, from which we can see the influence of the formation of Fang Yizhi's academic thought on his Zhuangxue works. Secondly, it summarizes the writing background of Guanzhuang in Yadi, examines the internal influence of the thought of "three religions in one" in Ming Dynasty, and shows the author's mentality of the bereavement in the light of the historical environment of the collapse of the Ming Dynasty. It is also a part of the study to investigate its edition and compilation style. The second chapter discusses the characteristics of Guanzhuang. In the aspect of explanation of justice and theory, Fang inherits the academic tradition of former scholars' understanding of "Zhuang" by Confucianism, "Zhuang" by "Yi", "Zhuang" by "Zen", and boldly innovates on this basis. In understanding Zhuang with Confucianism, Fang regards Zhuangzi as the solitary son of Confucius, who holds that the Confucianism inherits the theory of Kong, Yan, Si and Meng. In the aspect of "Yi", he advocates that "Zhuang" is "the change of" Yi "and regards" Zhuangzi "as the legacy of the" Book of changes ", thus pushing the interpretation of" Zhuang "to an unprecedented height. Fang Yizhi later, Pai into the Zen, presided over the Qingyuan Taoist Center, lecturing the Dharma, in Zen has a very deep attainments. It is the main characteristic of Zhuangzi to interpret Zhuangzi by means of Zen official case and Zen language. The most unique thing is that Fang Yizhi also introduced some western scientific and technological knowledge to explain Zhuangzi, examine Zhuangzi from the perspective of western studies, and incorporate the modern thought, which is the only thing in the history of Zhuang school. The third chapter discusses the characteristics of Yandi Guanzhuang. Fang Yizhi not only has a unique view of the characteristics of Zhuangzi in literature and art, but also has a unique view in explaining the justice and theory of Zhuangzi. In Yao Di Guanzhuang, he made a unique comment on the writing, style, language and style of the article. He also commented on Zhuangzi from the point of view of painting and painting, which had a positive impact on later generations. The fourth chapter summarizes the value and influence of the book "Yandi Guanzhuang". The value of this book is mainly reflected in two aspects of thought and cultural inheritance. The book contains the thought of "Yi > unified the three religions", the "Zhuang > study thought of the Ming people", the materialism thought and so on, all of which have an influence on the later generations. Fang's works also have a certain impact on the future works of Zhuang School. Its deficiency is to do more Zen language, obscure and difficult to understand, to some extent affect the academic status of the book. In a word, Fang Yizhi embodied his unique interpretation and comments in his works. In the academic background of the fusion of thought and contradiction between Ming and Qing dynasties, Zhuangzi's study is brilliant, as the representative work of the Ming Dynasty's relic, the Yandi Guanzhuang occupies an important place in the history of the study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：B248.93

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