發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-16 19:17

  本文選題：世界自然遺產(chǎn) + 梵凈山��； 參考：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織制定的《保護(hù)世界文化與自然遺產(chǎn)公約》(下稱(chēng)《公約》)是最具權(quán)威性的國(guó)際遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)工具,其核心內(nèi)容在于確認(rèn)、保護(hù)、保存、展示具有突出普遍價(jià)值(Outstanding Universal Value)的文化和自然遺產(chǎn),并將其代代相傳�！秾�(shí)施世界遺產(chǎn)公約操作指南》(下稱(chēng)《操作指南》)旨在促進(jìn)《公約》的順利實(shí)施,為遺產(chǎn)申報(bào)及保護(hù)工作設(shè)置相應(yīng)操作程序,反映了遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展軌跡。入選世界遺產(chǎn)名錄是對(duì)現(xiàn)存資源的最大肯定,也是對(duì)其突出普遍價(jià)值開(kāi)展更高級(jí)別保護(hù)的有效措施。按照《公約》精神,申報(bào)項(xiàng)目一旦被列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄,就意味著締約國(guó)向國(guó)際社會(huì)做出承諾,將舉上下之力、最大限度地利用本國(guó)資源及國(guó)際援助來(lái)保護(hù)、保存世界遺產(chǎn)。梵凈山是中國(guó)2018年世界自然遺產(chǎn)申報(bào)項(xiàng)目,本研究以梵凈山提名地及緩沖區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,在總結(jié)梵凈山世界自然遺產(chǎn)突出普遍價(jià)值的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)實(shí)地考察、文獻(xiàn)綜述、開(kāi)放式訪(fǎng)談、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)等方法,深入分析梵凈山遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值保護(hù)的主要威脅因素,并提出具有針對(duì)性的保護(hù)管理對(duì)策及建議,得出的主要結(jié)論如下:1.自然災(zāi)害對(duì)梵凈山突出普遍價(jià)值保護(hù)有嚴(yán)重威脅,需引起重視,加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測(cè)。本文按致災(zāi)因子的不同,將梵凈山自然災(zāi)害歸類(lèi)為地質(zhì)災(zāi)害、氣象水文災(zāi)害以及生物災(zāi)害,描述了景觀資源、生物資源等暴露于致災(zāi)因子作用下,產(chǎn)生的區(qū)域性災(zāi)難后果及可能性損失。通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有災(zāi)害點(diǎn)的GPS定位、頻度及其形成背景、時(shí)空分布普遍性、復(fù)雜多樣性等特征綜合分析發(fā)現(xiàn),自然災(zāi)害正以不同方式、不同程度威脅著梵凈山突出普遍價(jià)值。2.不合理的人類(lèi)活動(dòng)正成為梵凈山突出普遍價(jià)值保護(hù)的主要威脅因素�；�礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)在一定程度上阻斷了生物通道和走廊,割裂了生態(tài)聯(lián)系,對(duì)研究區(qū)的突出普遍價(jià)值保護(hù)造成一定壓力。旅游資源的無(wú)序開(kāi)發(fā)是梵凈山自然景觀及野生動(dòng)植物棲息地的重要威脅,具體影響包括游客量持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)、游客行為時(shí)空分布不均、旅游生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量下降、旅游垃圾日益凸顯、旅游開(kāi)發(fā)經(jīng)營(yíng)與資源保護(hù)難以協(xié)調(diào)。社區(qū)原住民對(duì)自然資源的過(guò)度依賴(lài)是梵凈山突出普遍價(jià)值保護(hù)的又一重要威脅,種植、養(yǎng)殖、放牧、薪柴采集等傳統(tǒng)資源利用占據(jù)重要地位,這些干擾短時(shí)間內(nèi)難以消除,甚至還會(huì)持續(xù)存在,必須引起關(guān)注。3.改變?cè)�住民過(guò)度依賴(lài)自然資源的生計(jì)策略是進(jìn)一步保護(hù)梵凈山突出普遍價(jià)值的關(guān)鍵。社區(qū)自然資源依賴(lài)度及其影響因素的實(shí)證分析表明,農(nóng)戶(hù)的自然資源依賴(lài)度總體水平較高,其中,收入依賴(lài)度為29.86%,14.52%的農(nóng)戶(hù)對(duì)自然資源的依賴(lài)度在90%以上,能源依賴(lài)度為58.24%,無(wú)明顯分異,薪柴是農(nóng)戶(hù)的剛性資源需求。林地面積、戶(hù)主受教育程度、外出務(wù)工人數(shù)、家庭兼業(yè)程度、家庭借貸水平對(duì)農(nóng)戶(hù)的自然資源依賴(lài)有顯著影響。4.論文在深入分析研究區(qū)突出普遍價(jià)值的構(gòu)成及威脅基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)比研究國(guó)內(nèi)同類(lèi)型遺產(chǎn)地保護(hù)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn),探索性地提出了相關(guān)對(duì)策和建議。從減緩?fù)�脅的角度,提出要積極應(yīng)對(duì)自然災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn),嚴(yán)格管控基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施無(wú)序修建、深化旅游管理、理性發(fā)展生態(tài)旅游,重視社區(qū)發(fā)展訴求,完善社區(qū)共管模式。從管理有效性的角度,建議管理部門(mén)開(kāi)展有針對(duì)性的物種保護(hù),構(gòu)建梵凈山和洋溪保護(hù)區(qū)的協(xié)同共管機(jī)制,適時(shí)編制《梵凈山保護(hù)管理規(guī)劃》,全面提升管理水平和效能。
[Abstract]:The UNESCO Convention for the protection of the world's cultural and natural heritage (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) is the most authoritative tool for international heritage protection. Its core is to identify, protect, preserve, and display the cultural and natural heritage of the Outstanding Universal Value, and to pass it on for generations. < implementation of the world. The guide to the operation of the Heritage Convention (hereinafter referred to as the guide to operation) aims to promote the smooth implementation of the Convention and set up the corresponding operating procedures for the application and protection of the heritage. It reflects the development track of the heritage conservation movement. The entry of the world heritage list is the greatest affirmation of the existing resources and the higher level of protection for its outstanding universal value. In accordance with the spirit of the Convention, the declaration project, once included in the world heritage list, means that the State Party will make a commitment to the international community and will make the best use of its own resources and international assistance to protect and preserve the world heritage. Van Jing mountain is a China's 2018 World natural heritage declaration project. This study is based on the van Jing mountain. The nomination and buffer zone are the research areas. On the basis of summarizing the universal value of the natural heritage of the van Jing mountain, through field investigation, literature review, open interview, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics, this paper analyzes the main threat factors of the protection of the heritage value of the van Jing mountain, and puts forward the Countermeasures of protection and management. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. natural disasters have serious threat to the protruding universal value protection of the van Jing mountain. It is necessary to pay attention to and strengthen the monitoring. According to the different disaster factors, this paper classifies the natural disasters of the van Jing mountain into geological disasters, meteorological and hydrological disasters as well as biological disasters, and describes the landscape resources, biological resources and other exposure to the cause of disaster. A comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of GPS location, frequency and its formation background, the universality of space-time distribution, complex diversity and other characteristics of the existing disaster points found that natural disasters are threatening the unreasonable human activities of the van Jing mountain to highlight the universal value of.2. in different ways. It has become a major threat to the protection of the universal value of van Jing mountain. Infrastructure construction has blocked biological channels and corridors to a certain extent, separates the ecological links and causes pressure on the protection of the outstanding universal value of the study area. The unordered development of tourism resources is an important way of the self landscape and wild animal and plant habitat of the van Jing mountain. The specific effects include the continuous growth of tourists, the uneven distribution of tourists' behavior, the decline in the quality of tourism ecological environment, the increasingly prominent tourism waste, and the difficult coordination of tourism development and management and the protection of resources. The use of traditional resources such as animal husbandry, firewood collection and other traditional resources occupies an important position. These disturbances are difficult to eliminate in a short period of time and even continue to exist. The key to further protection of the universal value of the van Jing mountain is the key to further protection of the universal value of the van Jing mountain. The dependence of the natural resources of the community and the factors affecting the natural resources of the community. The analysis shows that the overall level of natural resource dependence of farmers is higher, among which, the dependence on income is 29.86%, the dependence of 14.52% farmers on natural resources is above 90%, the dependence on energy is 58.24%, there is no obvious difference, and firewood is the demand of rigid resources of farmers. Degree, the level of family lending has a significant influence on the natural resource dependence of farmers. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the composition and threat of the prominent universal value in the study area,.4. paper makes a contrastive study of the management experience of the same types of heritage sites in China, and puts forward some relevant countermeasures and suggestions. Harm risk, strictly control infrastructure construction, deepen tourism management, rationally develop ecotourism, attach importance to community development demands and improve community management model. From the perspective of management effectiveness, it suggests that management departments carry out targeted species protection, construct co management mechanism of Fan Jing mountain and Yangxi protection area, and timely compile "van Jing mountain". Protection management plan, to improve the management level and efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F592.7

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