論五四新詩的“平民化”情結
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-21 12:05
【摘要】：新詩作為新文學革命的突破口,最早承擔起文學領域破舊立新的任務,它不僅在語言和形式上盡力擺脫舊體詩的束縛,而且將表現的對象更多地聚焦在普通平民百姓身上,呈現出新文化人的"平民化"情結。本文在考察五四時期特定的社會、歷史、文化語境的基礎上,以詩人與"平民"之間想象性關系為切入點,討論五四新詩"平民化"情結的發(fā)生與歷史呈現,總共分為三章:第一章從時代背景和文學思潮等方面探索"平民化"新詩理論從發(fā)生、論爭到沉寂的歷史軌跡。在"平民主義"思潮和"勞工神圣"口號的影響下,五四新文化人提出了"平民文學"和新詩"平民化"的主張,在文學界引起了巨大的反響。但不同的知識分子對新詩"平民化"存在著不同的理解,產生了一些分歧與論爭,這些論爭進一步推動了文學革命以及新詩"平民化"的進程。而隨著階級意識的覺醒與無產階級革命詩歌的興起,"平民文學"思潮逐漸回落,新詩"平民化"以及"平民文學"的倡導也逐漸退出公眾的視野。第二章通過文本細讀來分析五四詩作中的"我"(知識分子)與"他"(平民)之間的想象性關系。受到"勞工神圣"口號的影響,對勞動精神的推崇成為很多"平民化"新詩的主題;而受到自身生活圈子的影響,許多新詩人以人力車夫以及農家鄉(xiāng)土生活為題材創(chuàng)作新詩,形成了"人力車夫情結"以及"鄉(xiāng)土情結"。新文化人不斷在詩作中對自己與"平民"的關系進行考量與自我定位,他們"同情"或"認同"平民,乃至面對平民而"自嘲"的背后,都反映了五四知識分子在應對社會大變革與大動蕩局面下心理嬗變的軌跡和身份認同的危機。在他們身上,知識分子的精英意識與"勞工神圣"的思想同時存在,這是一直困擾他們如何看待自己與底層民眾關系的癥結所在。第三章從詩歌表現形式方面探索"平民化"新詩在表達詩人自身主體情感與"平民"情感過程中所采取的詩學策略,及其對白話新詩詩體建設作出的貢獻。"平民化"新詩多采用抒情主體角色化的方式,即抒情主體作為一名在場的旁觀者,或者化身為"平民",擬"平民"的口吻來敘述、抒情,在表達"平民" 自身情感的同時,也彰顯出詩人對"平民"的態(tài)度以及情感。"平民化"新詩還從傳統(tǒng)的民間歌謠中尋找資源,在借鑒民謠藝術形式與表現手法的同時,更進一步關注平民日常生活中的真情實感。一部分新文化人還對新詩"戲劇化"進行了大膽嘗試,并將其與新詩"平民化"的追求結合在一起,深入挖掘與展現平民的內心世界和性格特征,無意間也流露出詩人的主體情感,拓展了詩歌的表現手法。
[Abstract]:As the breakthrough of the new literary revolution, new poetry is the earliest undertaking to break the old and the new in the field of literature. It not only tries its best to get rid of the shackles of the old poems in language and form, but also focuses more on the ordinary people. It presents the "popularized" complex of the new cultural people. On the basis of examining the specific social, historical and cultural context of the May 4th Movement, this paper discusses the occurrence and historical presentation of the "popularizing" complex of the May 4th New Poetry from the perspective of the imaginative relationship between the poet and the "common people". There are three chapters altogether: the first chapter explores the historical track of the theory of "popularization" from its occurrence, controversy to silence from the background of the times and the literary trend of thought. Under the influence of the ideological trend of "populism" and the slogan of "sacred labor", the May 4th New Culture people put forward the ideas of "civilian literature" and "popularization", which caused great repercussions in literary circles. However, different intellectuals have different understanding of the "popularization" of new poetry, which has led to some differences and controversies, which have further promoted the literary revolution and the process of "popularization" of new poetry. With the awakening of class consciousness and the rise of proletarian revolutionary poetry, the trend of thought of "civilian literature" gradually fell down, and the new poetry "popularization" and "civilian literature" were gradually withdrawn from the public view. The second chapter analyzes the imaginative relationship between "I" (intellectual) and "he" (civilian) in the May 4th poetics. Influenced by the slogan "sacred labor", the promotion of the spirit of labor has become the theme of many "popularized" new poems; Under the influence of their own life circle, many new poets created new poems with the theme of human rickshaw man and peasant native life, which formed "human rickshaw complex" and "local complex". Neo-cultural people constantly consider and position their relationship with "civilians" in their poems. They "sympathize" or "identify" with the common people, and even "laugh at themselves" in the face of the common people. Both reflect the locus of psychological evolution and the crisis of identity of the May 4th intellectuals under the situation of great social change and great turbulence. In them, the elite consciousness of intellectuals and the idea of "sacred labor" exist at the same time, which is the crux of how they think about their relationship with the people at the bottom. The third chapter explores the poetic strategies adopted in the process of expressing the poet's own emotion and the common people's emotion, and their contribution to the construction of vernacular poetry style. " The popular "new poem" mostly adopts the way of lyric subject's role, that is, lyric subject, as an onlooker present, or incarnate as "civilian", to describe and express emotion, while expressing "civilian's" own emotion. It also shows the poet's attitude and emotion towards the common people. " The "popularized" poetry also seeks resources from the traditional folk ballads, while drawing lessons from the artistic forms and expressive methods of folk songs, it pays further attention to the true feelings in the daily life of the common people. Some of the new cultural people have also made a bold attempt on the "dramatization" of the new poetry, and combined it with the pursuit of the "popularization" of the new poem, and deeply excavated and displayed the inner world and character characteristics of the common people. Inadvertently also revealed the poet's main feelings, expanding the expression of poetry.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：I207.25
本文編號：2346916
[Abstract]:As the breakthrough of the new literary revolution, new poetry is the earliest undertaking to break the old and the new in the field of literature. It not only tries its best to get rid of the shackles of the old poems in language and form, but also focuses more on the ordinary people. It presents the "popularized" complex of the new cultural people. On the basis of examining the specific social, historical and cultural context of the May 4th Movement, this paper discusses the occurrence and historical presentation of the "popularizing" complex of the May 4th New Poetry from the perspective of the imaginative relationship between the poet and the "common people". There are three chapters altogether: the first chapter explores the historical track of the theory of "popularization" from its occurrence, controversy to silence from the background of the times and the literary trend of thought. Under the influence of the ideological trend of "populism" and the slogan of "sacred labor", the May 4th New Culture people put forward the ideas of "civilian literature" and "popularization", which caused great repercussions in literary circles. However, different intellectuals have different understanding of the "popularization" of new poetry, which has led to some differences and controversies, which have further promoted the literary revolution and the process of "popularization" of new poetry. With the awakening of class consciousness and the rise of proletarian revolutionary poetry, the trend of thought of "civilian literature" gradually fell down, and the new poetry "popularization" and "civilian literature" were gradually withdrawn from the public view. The second chapter analyzes the imaginative relationship between "I" (intellectual) and "he" (civilian) in the May 4th poetics. Influenced by the slogan "sacred labor", the promotion of the spirit of labor has become the theme of many "popularized" new poems; Under the influence of their own life circle, many new poets created new poems with the theme of human rickshaw man and peasant native life, which formed "human rickshaw complex" and "local complex". Neo-cultural people constantly consider and position their relationship with "civilians" in their poems. They "sympathize" or "identify" with the common people, and even "laugh at themselves" in the face of the common people. Both reflect the locus of psychological evolution and the crisis of identity of the May 4th intellectuals under the situation of great social change and great turbulence. In them, the elite consciousness of intellectuals and the idea of "sacred labor" exist at the same time, which is the crux of how they think about their relationship with the people at the bottom. The third chapter explores the poetic strategies adopted in the process of expressing the poet's own emotion and the common people's emotion, and their contribution to the construction of vernacular poetry style. " The popular "new poem" mostly adopts the way of lyric subject's role, that is, lyric subject, as an onlooker present, or incarnate as "civilian", to describe and express emotion, while expressing "civilian's" own emotion. It also shows the poet's attitude and emotion towards the common people. " The "popularized" poetry also seeks resources from the traditional folk ballads, while drawing lessons from the artistic forms and expressive methods of folk songs, it pays further attention to the true feelings in the daily life of the common people. Some of the new cultural people have also made a bold attempt on the "dramatization" of the new poetry, and combined it with the pursuit of the "popularization" of the new poem, and deeply excavated and displayed the inner world and character characteristics of the common people. Inadvertently also revealed the poet's main feelings, expanding the expression of poetry.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：I207.25
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