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  本文關鍵詞：“氣”字慣用詞組的語義特征和建構　出處：《吉林大學》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】： 日語中存在著許多帶有“氣”字的慣用詞組。對于我們學習日語的外國人來說，這些慣用詞組可以用來幫助我們深入了解日本語言和日本文化的特點。因此，筆者在前人研究的基礎上，利用相關辭典，對日語中存在的大量“氣”字慣用詞組進行了數量及意義的考察和分析。在意義分析部分，首先探討了“氣”字慣用詞組的語義特征，然后用認知語言學的理論闡述了“隱喻”及“借代”與這些慣用詞組的關聯。全文分為六部分。 1、序言 介紹本文的研究契機，研究目的和研究意義。 2、前人的研究概況和定義 迄今為止，對日語中帶有“氣”字的慣用詞組所進行的研究并不多見，尤其是從認知語言學的角度進行的研究可謂少之又少。筆者嘗試從認知語言學這一新的視角來分析“氣”的慣用詞組。另外，本文在前人所下定義的基礎上，對慣用詞組進行了重新界定。 3、調查概要 為了突出重點，，本文限定了調查的對象，首先對由單獨的“氣”字構成的慣用詞組進行了考察和分析。然后從五部辭典中把符合條件的慣用詞組一一選出，按照詞性分為五類。 4、數量分析 通過對“氣”字慣用詞組進行量的統(tǒng)計和分析，我們發(fā)現“氣”的慣用詞組主要集中在動詞上。另外，構成動詞性慣用詞組的動詞除了肯定形式以外，還表現為否定，被動，使役等形式。從慣用詞組整體來看，成對出現的表達方式占有很大比例。從形式上看，形容詞容易構成反義詞，它構成了形容詞性“氣”字慣用詞組往往成對出現的原因。與此相對，日語的自他動詞導致了動詞性“氣”字慣用詞組經常以成對的形式出現。 5、語義分析 這一部分首先把數量較多的形容詞性“氣”字慣用詞組、動詞性慣用詞組按照語義分為6類。通過分析，得出如下結論：在動詞性“氣”字慣用詞組中，表示“感情”意思的最多，占總數的62％，其中表示消極感情的數量最多。而形容詞性慣用詞組則更多表示人的性格。另外，自他成對出現的動詞性“氣”字慣用詞組在語義上并不完全相同，形式上成對出現的形容詞性“氣”字慣用詞組在語義上也并未完全構成反義。 另外，正如日本學者芳賀綏所述，語言一方面反映著國民性，另一方面又起著傳承國民性的作用。比如：通過“氣”字慣用詞組我們可以窺測到日本文化以及日本的國民性。 最后，舉例分析了“氣”字慣用詞組語義形成的動機。它集中表現為以相似性為基礎的隱喻性動機和以相鄰性為基礎的借代性動機。 6、結尾 原本表示自然現象的“氣”字傳到日本后，被日本人頻繁使用于表示精神方面的慣用詞組。有人認為這是日本人“與自然和諧相處”的自然觀在語言上的反映。筆者在前人研究的基礎上，利用相關資料，對日語中大量存在的帶有“氣”字的慣用詞組進行了數量及意義上的分析。在意義考察部分，除了分析了“氣”字慣用詞組的語義特征外，還從認知語言學的角度分析了“氣”字慣用詞組形成的動機。有學者認為“由單個詞的意思無法理解慣用詞組的真正含義”。通過本文的考察和分析，筆者認為：從認知語言學的研究角度我們可以抓住“氣”字慣用詞組的語義特征。 由于時間及筆者的能力所限，本文只是對由“氣”字本身所構成的慣用詞組進行了重點的考察和分析，今后將從其它角度對“氣”字慣用詞組做進一步的考察和研究。
[Abstract]:There are a lot of "gas" word in Japanese idiomatic phrases for foreigners. We learn Japanese, these idiomatic phrases can be used to help us understand the characteristics of Japanese language and Japanese culture. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies, using the dictionary, a large number of "gas" in Japanese idiomatic phrases were investigated and analyzed. The number and significance of significance in the analysis part, firstly discusses the semantic features of "Qi" word idiomatic phrases, and then use the theory of cognitive linguistics describes the "metaphor" and "metonymy" with these idiomatic phrases. The text is divided into six parts.
1, preface
This paper introduces the research opportunity, the purpose and the significance of the study.
2, the general survey and definition of the predecessors
So far, research on a "gas" word in Japanese idiomatic phrases are rare, especially the studies are from the perspective of cognitive linguistics is few. The author attempts to analyze the "gas" from a new perspective of cognitive linguistics, idiomatic phrases. In addition, based on the definition given by the author in the past, redefines the idiomatic phrases.
3, a summary of the survey
In order to lay stress on the key points, this paper limited the object of investigation. Firstly, we investigated and analyzed the idiomatic phrases consisting of single "Qi". Then we selected the qualified idioms from five dictionaries and divided them into five categories according to their parts of speech.
4, quantitative analysis
Statistics and analysis of the "gas" word idiomatic phrases, we found that the "gas" idiomatic phrases mainly focus on verbs. In addition, a verb of idiomatic phrases in addition to certain forms of verbs, but also for the negative, passive, causative form. From the usual word group overall, has a large way the proportion of expression pairs. In form, easy to constitute the adjective antonyms, which causes the adjective "gas" the word often idiomatic phrases in pairs. In contrast, Japanese intransitive verbs led to the verb "gas" idiomatic phrases often appear in pairs.
5, semantic analysis
This part first put a large number of "gas" adjective word idiomatic phrases, verb phrases are divided into 6 categories according to the semantic. Through the analysis, draw the following conclusion: in the verb "gas" word idiomatic phrases, said "the most interesting feelings", accounting for 62% of the total number of negative feelings, said the the most. And the adjective idiomatic phrases are more representation of human character. In addition, since he paired the verb "gas" idiomatic phrases are not exactly the same in meaning and form in pairs on the adjective "gas" word idiomatic phrases in terms of meaning is not completely composed of antisense.
In addition, as the Japanese scholar HAGA Suisuo the language on the one hand reflects the national character, on the other hand also plays the role of the national heritage. For example: the word "gas" idiomatic phrases we can see that the Japanese culture and Japanese national character.
Finally, the example analysis of "gas" word semantic formation of idiomatic phrases. It focuses on the motivation based on similarities of metaphorical motivation based and proximity based metonymy motivation.
6, the end
Originally said the natural phenomenon of "gas" to Japan, is frequently used in Japanese said the spirit of the idiomatic phrases. Some people think that this is Japanese "harmony with nature" view of nature in the language reflected. On the basis of previous studies, the use of relevant data, the existence of a large number of Japanese with the "gas" word idiomatic phrases are analyzed and the number of sense. In the part of the survey, in addition to the semantic feature analysis of "gas" word idiomatic phrases, but also from the perspective of cognitive linguistics analysis of the "gas" word formation motivation of idiomatic phrases. Some scholars believe that "a single word can not to understand the true meaning of" idiomatic phrases. Through investigation and analysis, the author of this article thinks that semantic features from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, we can grasp the "gas" word idiomatic phrases.
Due to the limitation of time and the ability of the author, this article only focuses on the analysis and analysis of the idiomatic phrases consisting of "Qi" itself, and will further investigate and study the idiomatic phrases from the other angles.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：H36

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 王家璐;中古漢語人體感官感知類形容詞語義場研究[D];寧波大學;2011年

本文編號：1431014