發(fā)布時間：2018-01-08 19:14

  本文關鍵詞：單肺通氣時輔助患側肺小潮氣量高頻率通氣模式在胸腔鏡肺葉切除術的應用　出處：《青島大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 單肺通氣 患側肺 不同潮氣量 高頻率

【摘要】：目的:探討在單肺通氣時輔助患側肺小潮氣量高頻率通氣模式對胸腔鏡肺葉切除患者通氣功能及肺保護的效果。方法:1、選擇2014年12月1日~2016年5月1日在我院接受胸腔鏡肺葉切除術的早期非小細胞肺癌患者67例。采用數字隨機表法,將患者隨機分為:傳統(tǒng)單肺通氣組(CV組,n=33)與單肺通氣+患側肺小潮氣量高頻率通氣組(LV組,n=34)。(1)納入標準:1、ASAⅠ~Ⅱ級;2、術前行胸部增強CT、腹部B超、顱腦核磁共振、全身重要器官放射線檢查,未發(fā)現腫瘤轉移病灶;3、Karnofsky(卡氏功能狀態(tài))評分70分,未接受過手術和化療治療;4、無長期大量吸煙史,心、肝、腎功能無異常。(2)排除標準:1、術前肺功能檢查:第1秒用力肺活量占用力肺活量的百分比(FEV1.0/FCV%)50%;術前血氧飽和度低于93%;術前動脈血氧分壓小于70mm Hg;動脈血二氧化碳分壓大于50 mm Hg。2、術前心功能分級III級或Ⅳ的患者。3、有嚴重的心肺疾患及腦血管病史,合并肝腎功能損害,合并神經精神系統(tǒng)疾病、老年性癡呆、心理疾病或活動性肝病、患有嚴重視力或聽力障礙無法與醫(yī)師進行有效交流等。4、若術中輸血或單肺通氣時間1小時,或手術時間4小時及術中需要全肺切除的。5術中不能耐受單肺通氣者。2、麻醉方法及通氣管理(1)術前準備和麻醉過程麻醉前30min,肌注苯巴比妥鈉0.1g、鹽酸戊乙奎醚0.5mg�？筛鶕颊呱砀唧w重和胸部后前位X光片的胸骨鎖骨端氣管橫徑選擇雙腔氣管導管(Double-lumen tubes,DLT)的型號,氣管內徑測量值大于19mm選擇41F雙腔氣管導管,大于17mm選擇39F,大于15mm選擇37F�；颊哌M入手術室后,建立非手術側上肢靜脈通道輸注復方氯化鈉溶液,常規(guī)監(jiān)測心電(ECG)、血氧飽和度(Sp O_2)、心率(HR),麻醉深度(BIS),呼氣末二氧化碳壓力(Pet CO_2),局部麻醉下行橈動脈穿刺置管監(jiān)測有創(chuàng)血壓及采集動脈血標本。面罩通氣去氮充氧,依次靜脈注射咪達唑侖0.05~0.1mg/kg、舒芬太尼0.3ug/kg、維庫溴銨0.1 mg/kg,待患者意識消失、腦電雙頻指數(BIS)降至50時、肌松完善后,經口明視下插入雙腔氣管導管(Sheridan,墨西哥)。氣管插管后經纖維支氣管鏡(Fiberoptic bronchoscopy,FOB)調整確定導管位置,固定導管后連接麻醉呼吸機機械通氣。插管完成后經右側頸內靜脈穿刺置管監(jiān)測中心靜脈壓(CVP)。靜脈持續(xù)泵注丙泊酚3~8 mg·kg-1·h-1、瑞芬太尼0.2~0.4ug·kg-1·min-1,間斷追加維庫溴銨0.08 mg·kg-1·h-1維持麻醉,維持腦電雙頻指數(BIS)值40~50范圍。(2)通氣管理機械通氣采用Aestiva5/7900型麻醉機(Ohmeda,芬蘭)行間歇正壓通氣(IPPV),吸入氧濃度維持在(Fi O_2)100%,氧流量為1.5L/min。雙肺通氣時,潮氣量(VT)7 ml/kg,通氣頻率12次/min,吸呼比1:1.5;根據手術需要實施單肺通氣(CV組)或單肺通氣+患側肺小潮氣量高頻率通氣(LV組)。CV組:VT 6 ml/kg,通氣頻率12次/min,吸呼比1:1.5;LV組:健側肺VT 6 ml/kg,通氣頻率12次/min,吸呼比1:1.5,同時患側支氣管導管接同一型號麻醉機,給予VT 0.3~0.5 ml/kg,通氣頻率40次/min,吸呼比1:1.5。機械通氣期間,對于LV組,如果手術過程中通氣影響操作,可以暫停通氣,并調整通氣量。若術中單肺通氣過程中出現Sp O_293%,需調整通氣參數者,應退出本次研究。(3)數據和標本收集分別于單肺通氣前(T0)、單肺通氣30min(T_1)、單肺通氣60min(T_2)及雙肺通氣后5min(T_3)時,采集動脈血進行血氣分析,記錄Pa O_2,Pa CO_2并計算氧合指數(Pa O_2/Fi O_2)。在手術切除標本后,由術者在遠離病灶組織處,切取肺組織標本,進行蘇木精-伊紅染色,在顯微鏡下觀察肺間質水腫、肺泡水腫、中性粒細胞浸潤與肺泡內充血嚴重程度,進行肺損傷評分。結果:1.本次研究過程中有5例患者單肺通氣過程中出現Sp O_293%,經過調整通氣參數或再次確定雙腔氣管導管位置后才得以糾正,其中CV組3例和LV組2例,均退出此次研究。另外LV組有2例患者在患側肺通氣時影響手術操作,調整通氣量后仍不滿意,退出本次研究。最終有60例患者完成本次應用研究,CV組30例,LV組30例。2.CV組與LV組的單肺通氣時間、麻醉時間、術中補液量、尿量沒有顯著性差異。3.CV組和LV組患者的氧合指數呈先下降后上升的趨勢,CV組氧合指數在T_2時達最小值,LV組患者的氧合指數在T_1時達最小值,T0時LV組氧合指數與CV組沒有顯著性差異,(p0.05);T_1、T_2及T_3時,LV組患者氧合指數明顯高于CV組,(p0.05)。4.CV組和LV組患者的Pa CO_2呈先上升后下降的趨勢,在T0和T_3時,LV組患者的Pa CO_2與CV組沒有顯著性差異,(p0.05);單肺通氣T_1、T_2時,LV組患者Pa CO_2明顯低于CV組,(p0.05)。5.LV組肺間質水腫、肺泡水腫、中性粒細胞浸潤與肺泡內充血嚴重程度均較CV組輕,LV組肺損傷評分2.70±0.71顯著低于CV組的3.13±0.73(p0.05)。結論及意義:在胸腔鏡肺葉切除手術中應用雙側肺不同潮氣量通氣模式,即單肺通氣時輔助患側肺小潮氣量高頻率通氣模式,既能滿足雙肺隔離的目的,又可增加患側肺氧合,減少了低氧血癥和高碳酸血癥,減輕單肺通氣時所造成的肺損傷程度,從而減少術后肺部并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。雖然這種通氣模式偶爾會影響手術操作,但大部分情況下通過調整通氣量后手術都能順利完成。本次研究中患側肺高頻通氣僅僅設定了一個通氣頻率,以后還可以嘗試更多種的通氣頻率,觀察其通氣效果,另外此通氣模式的缺點是需要兩臺麻醉機支持,操作較麻煩,還需要未來進一步研究。
[Abstract]:Objective: To explore the effects of single lung ventilation assisted ipsilateral lung ventilation with low tidal volume and high frequency resection patients and lung protective ventilation function of VATS lobectomy. Methods: 1, December 1, 2014 ~2016 year in May 1st received thoracoscopic lobectomy in our hospital 67 cases of patients with early stage non small cell lung cancer were randomly., the patients were randomly divided into: the traditional single lung ventilation group (group CV, n=33) and one lung ventilation + ipsilateral lung high frequency and low tidal volume ventilation group (group LV, n=34). (1) inclusion criteria: 1, ASA I ~ II; 2, preoperative enhanced chest CT, abdominal ultrasound. MRI, all important organs radiographic examination, found no tumor metastasis; 3, Karnofsky (Karnofsky performance status score of 70), did not receive surgery and chemotherapy; 4, without a long history of smoking, heart, liver, renal function abnormalities (2). Exclusion criteria: 1, lung the function of preoperative examination: the first second use Vital capacity FVC% (FEV1.0/FCV% 50%); preoperative oxygen saturation of less than 93%; preoperative arterial oxygen pressure is less than 70mm Hg; arterial carbon dioxide pressure greater than 50 mm Hg.2 patients,.3 heart function class III or IV before operation, with a history of heart and lung disease and cerebrovascular serious, and the damage to liver and kidney function, nervous system diseases complicated with mental, Alzheimer's disease, liver disease or mental activity, unable to communicate effectively with other.4 physicians with severe visual or hearing impairment, if intraoperative blood transfusion or single lung ventilation for 1 hours, or 4 hours of operation time and intraoperative one lung ventilation to pneumonectomy.5 was not tolerated.2, anesthetic method and ventilation management (1) preoperative preparation and anesthesia anesthesia before 30min, intramuscular injection of phenobarbital sodium 0.1g, penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.5mg. according to chest X ray with height weight and chest posteroanterior Clavicle bone end tracheal diameter double lumen tracheal catheter (Double-lumen tubes DLT) model, tracheal diameter measuring value is greater than 19mm 41F double lumen endotracheal tube, more than 17mm 39F, more than 15mm with 37F. after entering the operation room, the establishment of non operative side upper limb vein infusion of compound channel Sodium Chloride Solution, routine monitoring of ECG (ECG), oxygen saturation (Sp O_2), heart rate (HR), the depth of anesthesia (BIS), end tidal carbon dioxide pressure (Pet CO_2), local anesthesia radial artery catheterization monitoring blood pressure and blood oxygenation. Mask ventilation to nitrogen, followed by intravenous injection of midazolam 0.05~0.1mg/kg. 0.3ug/kg 0.1 mg/kg sufentanil, vecuronium, after the patients lost consciousness, bispectral index (BIS) fell to 50, improve muscle relaxation after intraoral injection of double lumen endotracheal intubation (Sheridan, Mexico). After tracheal intubation via fiberoptic bronchoscopy ( Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, FOB) to determine the position of the catheter catheter adjustment, fixed connection after anesthesia ventilator mechanical ventilation. After intubation via right internal jugular vein catheterization monitoring central venous pressure (CVP). Intravenous infusion of propofol 3~8 Mg - kg-1 - H-1 - kg-1 - min-1 0.2~0.4ug, remifentanil, vecuronium 0.08 mg intermittent additional kg-1. H-1 maintain anesthesia, maintain bispectral index (BIS) value is in the range of 40~50. (2) mechanical ventilation ventilation management using Aestiva5/7900 anesthesia machine (Ohmeda, Finland) intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), inhaled oxygen concentration maintained at 100%, (Fi O_2) 1.5L/min. oxygen flow rate of lung ventilation, tidal volume (VT) 7 ml/kg, 12 /min frequency of ventilation, breathing than 1:1.5; according to the operation needs the implementation of one lung ventilation (group CV) or single lung ventilation + ipsilateral lung small tidal volume and high frequency ventilation (group LV).CV group: VT 6 ml/kg 12 /min, frequency of ventilation, breathing than 1:1.5; LV 緇，

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