發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-31 06:27

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的英語(yǔ)Let結(jié)構(gòu)之加的夫語(yǔ)法視角研究　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： let結(jié)構(gòu) 加的夫語(yǔ)法 及物性 語(yǔ)氣 功能句法

【摘要】：本研究中的英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu),是指英語(yǔ)中以let引導(dǎo)的祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中是一種非常復(fù)雜的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。因其語(yǔ)義和句法的特殊性與元穩(wěn)定性,該結(jié)構(gòu)在祈使句研究中通常被邊緣化,鮮有學(xué)者對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)作過(guò)細(xì)致而系統(tǒng)的專題研究�，F(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)對(duì)let結(jié)構(gòu)的研究主要集中在句法層面(比如該結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)、let的詞性問(wèn)題等),對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)義研究較為有限,同時(shí)對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)義及其句法體現(xiàn)形式描寫也較為缺乏基于大規(guī)模語(yǔ)料庫(kù)真實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)證性基礎(chǔ)。鑒于此,本研究在系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)的加的夫語(yǔ)法理論框架內(nèi),基于《美國(guó)當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)》,對(duì)英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)的及物性系統(tǒng)、語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)和功能句法進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析,以期揭示該結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)義和句法特征,深化對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)使用本質(zhì)的認(rèn)識(shí),旨在豐富和發(fā)展作為普通語(yǔ)言學(xué)和適用語(yǔ)言學(xué)的系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論,同時(shí)為其他語(yǔ)言理論對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)的研究提供參考。本研究采用定性和定量相結(jié)合的研究方法,試圖解決以下三個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:第一,英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)在及物性上有哪些過(guò)程類型和參與者角色配置模式?該結(jié)構(gòu)及物性的系統(tǒng)分布特征怎樣?第二,英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)氣人稱和語(yǔ)氣意義有何關(guān)系?該結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)氣的系統(tǒng)分布特征怎樣?第三,英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)有哪些句法特征?該結(jié)構(gòu)及物性和語(yǔ)氣的句法體現(xiàn)形式是怎樣的?本研究在介紹研究背景、研究意義和研究設(shè)計(jì)后,對(duì)英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行梳理,以明確現(xiàn)有研究的貢獻(xiàn)與不足,為下文對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)的進(jìn)一步研究提供基礎(chǔ);然后介紹加的夫語(yǔ)法,重點(diǎn)論述其研究范式、及物性系統(tǒng)理論、語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)理論和功能句法理論,以確立本研究的理論基礎(chǔ),指出英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)的加的夫語(yǔ)法研究途徑;接著以加的夫語(yǔ)法為理論框架,分別對(duì)英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)的及物性系統(tǒng)、語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)以及功能句法進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描寫和分析,旨在明確該結(jié)構(gòu)在語(yǔ)言實(shí)際使用中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)建構(gòu)模式、交際角色選擇和句法體現(xiàn)形式;最后總結(jié)全文。本研究采用加的夫語(yǔ)法的分析方法,對(duì)從《美國(guó)當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)》中收集的3221條let結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)料抽樣作基于情景語(yǔ)境的仔細(xì)分析和統(tǒng)計(jì),得出以下主要研究結(jié)論:第一,在及物性方面,總體來(lái)看,英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)在及物性過(guò)程類型上,主要體現(xiàn)的是行動(dòng)過(guò)程、心理過(guò)程、關(guān)系過(guò)程和影響過(guò)程;環(huán)境過(guò)程的分布概率非常小;該結(jié)構(gòu)不能體現(xiàn)事件-相關(guān)過(guò)程。在各過(guò)程類型中,行動(dòng)過(guò)程主要涉及兩個(gè)參與者;心理過(guò)程主要為認(rèn)知型;關(guān)系過(guò)程主要為地點(diǎn)型和方向型;影響過(guò)程主要涉及隱性施動(dòng)者。let結(jié)構(gòu)的及物性過(guò)程類型與let能否體現(xiàn)過(guò)程意義有較大的關(guān)聯(lián)。在各過(guò)程類型中,行動(dòng)過(guò)程和心理過(guò)程主要涉及該結(jié)構(gòu)中l(wèi)et的語(yǔ)法化用法;影響過(guò)程主要涉及l(fā)et的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法;而關(guān)系過(guò)程則與let的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法和語(yǔ)法化用法都有所涉及。具體來(lái)看,let結(jié)構(gòu)的各種形式所體現(xiàn)的及物性過(guò)程類型在分布概率上表現(xiàn)出較大差異。let‘s結(jié)構(gòu)主要體現(xiàn)行動(dòng)過(guò)程、心理過(guò)程和關(guān)系過(guò)程,體現(xiàn)影響過(guò)程的分布概率非常小。letus結(jié)構(gòu)和let‘s結(jié)構(gòu)基本相似,不同的是該結(jié)構(gòu)中影響過(guò)程的分布概率較大;這說(shuō)明let‘s結(jié)構(gòu)和letus結(jié)構(gòu)在及物性上既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別。在letme結(jié)構(gòu)中,心理過(guò)程的分布概率最大,其次是行動(dòng)過(guò)程,關(guān)系過(guò)程和影響過(guò)程的分布概率相差不大。lethim/her/them結(jié)構(gòu)在過(guò)程類型分布概率上較為相似,其中影響過(guò)程的分布概率較高,其他過(guò)程類型分布概率都較小。在letit結(jié)構(gòu)中,雖然影響過(guò)程的分布概率也最大,但關(guān)系過(guò)程也有較大的分布概率;該結(jié)構(gòu)還能體現(xiàn)環(huán)境過(guò)程。letthere結(jié)構(gòu)主要涉及關(guān)系過(guò)程,過(guò)程類型較為單一。在let+專名結(jié)構(gòu)中,雖然影響過(guò)程的分布概率仍然最大,但該結(jié)構(gòu)在其他過(guò)程類型中的分布概率較lethim/her/them/it結(jié)構(gòu)有明顯提升。let結(jié)構(gòu)的各種具體形式所體現(xiàn)的及物性過(guò)程類型,在參與者角色的配置模式及其系統(tǒng)分布上也表現(xiàn)出較大差異。對(duì)let結(jié)構(gòu)的及物性分析表明,該結(jié)構(gòu)在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中建構(gòu)了復(fù)雜的人類世界經(jīng)驗(yàn),是反映現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的重要詞匯語(yǔ)法資源。第二,在語(yǔ)氣方面,let結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)氣人稱和語(yǔ)氣意義受情景語(yǔ)境和個(gè)體的話語(yǔ)目的嚴(yán)格制約�？傮w來(lái)看,該結(jié)構(gòu)主要體現(xiàn)的是[行動(dòng)提議]和[正式希望]。在[行動(dòng)提議]中,有[會(huì)話雙方]、[發(fā)話方]、[受話方]和[第三方]四種選擇。在[行動(dòng)提議]中,不同的人稱指向能體現(xiàn)具有不同祈使力等級(jí)的語(yǔ)氣意義。當(dāng)語(yǔ)氣人稱指向會(huì)話雙方時(shí),主要體現(xiàn)[堅(jiān)決提議]、[假設(shè)]和[希望]。當(dāng)語(yǔ)氣人稱指向發(fā)話方時(shí),主要體現(xiàn)[提供]、[建議]、[思考]和[希望]。當(dāng)語(yǔ)氣人稱指向受話方時(shí),主要體現(xiàn)[命令]、[要求]、[建議]和[希望]。當(dāng)語(yǔ)氣人稱指向第三方時(shí),主要體現(xiàn)[堅(jiān)決提議]和[希望]。具體來(lái)說(shuō),let結(jié)構(gòu)的各種具體形式體現(xiàn)出不同的語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)分布特征。let‘s結(jié)構(gòu)和letus結(jié)構(gòu)在語(yǔ)氣特征上既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別:該兩種結(jié)構(gòu)除了語(yǔ)氣人稱都主要指向會(huì)話雙方,并主要體現(xiàn)[堅(jiān)決提議]外,其語(yǔ)氣人稱還能在特定語(yǔ)境下指向發(fā)話方和受話方,體現(xiàn)[提供]、[建議]、[要求]等意義;所不同的是letus結(jié)構(gòu)還能體現(xiàn)對(duì)受話方的[命令]。letme結(jié)構(gòu)具有較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)法化特征,在語(yǔ)氣人稱上有[發(fā)話方]和[受話方]兩種選擇,其中選擇[發(fā)話方]的概率較大;在語(yǔ)氣人稱指向發(fā)話方時(shí),主要體現(xiàn)[提供]和[建議];當(dāng)語(yǔ)氣人稱指向受話方時(shí),主要體現(xiàn)[要求]。let/him/her/them/it結(jié)構(gòu)在語(yǔ)氣人稱上有[受話方]和[第三方]兩種選擇,其中選擇[受話方]的概率較大;當(dāng)語(yǔ)氣人稱指向受話方時(shí),此類結(jié)構(gòu)能體現(xiàn)[命令]、[要求]、[建議]和[希望]四種主要語(yǔ)氣意義,其中[建議]和[要求]的分布概率較大;當(dāng)語(yǔ)氣人稱指向第三方時(shí),主要體現(xiàn)[堅(jiān)決提議]和[希望],其中[堅(jiān)決提議]的分布概率較大。letthere結(jié)構(gòu)在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中是一種規(guī)約式的、程式化的表達(dá)發(fā)話者臆想或希望的結(jié)構(gòu),其多體現(xiàn)[正式希望];只有在非常特殊的語(yǔ)境下,才有[受話方]語(yǔ)氣人稱選擇,并體現(xiàn)[要求]。let+專名結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)氣人稱也有[受話方]和[第三方]兩種選擇,但指向第三方的分布概率較大;當(dāng)語(yǔ)氣人稱指向第三方時(shí),主要體現(xiàn)[堅(jiān)決提議];當(dāng)語(yǔ)氣人稱指向受話方時(shí),主要體現(xiàn)[建議]和[要求]。英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)氣人稱和語(yǔ)氣意義在語(yǔ)言實(shí)際使用中的多樣性,為言語(yǔ)互動(dòng)者的交際角色選擇及其人際功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了豐富的詞匯語(yǔ)法資源。第三,在句法體現(xiàn)形式方面,let結(jié)構(gòu)的句法體現(xiàn)形式與let的語(yǔ)義功能有較大的關(guān)涉。根據(jù)let的語(yǔ)義功能,該結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種功能結(jié)構(gòu):一種是具有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞特征的let引導(dǎo)的一般祈使句結(jié)構(gòu),其中l(wèi)et為主動(dòng)詞,潛在的受話者you為主語(yǔ);另一種是具有語(yǔ)法化特征的let引導(dǎo)的特殊祈使句結(jié)構(gòu),其中起語(yǔ)氣標(biāo)記語(yǔ)功能的let為小句的直接成分(即l成分),let之后的名詞詞組為主語(yǔ)。從意義和形式的體現(xiàn)關(guān)系看,作為一般祈使句的let結(jié)構(gòu)在及物性上的主要句法體現(xiàn)形式為:(s)^m^c,即隱性主語(yǔ)^主動(dòng)詞^補(bǔ)語(yǔ);在語(yǔ)氣上的主要句法體現(xiàn)形式為:(s)或(s)^o,即隱性主語(yǔ)或隱性主語(yǔ)^操作語(yǔ)。作為特殊祈使句的let結(jié)構(gòu)在及物性上的主要句法體現(xiàn)形式為:s^m^c,即主語(yǔ)^主動(dòng)詞^補(bǔ)語(yǔ);在語(yǔ)氣上的主要句法體現(xiàn)形式為:l^s或o^l,即l成分^主語(yǔ)或操作語(yǔ)^l成分。letthere結(jié)構(gòu)具有一定的特殊性,其及物性的句法體現(xiàn)形式主要為:m^c^(c),即主動(dòng)詞^補(bǔ)語(yǔ)^隱性補(bǔ)語(yǔ);其語(yǔ)氣的主要句法體現(xiàn)形式為:l^s,即l成分^主語(yǔ)。本研究基于《美國(guó)當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)》,在系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)的加的夫語(yǔ)法理論框架下,對(duì)英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)的及物性系統(tǒng)和語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)作了較為精密的描寫,并對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)的句法體現(xiàn)形式作了較為詳細(xì)的分析。在語(yǔ)義上,打破了主要從語(yǔ)氣視角對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析的局限;在句法上,從功能視角重新審視了該結(jié)構(gòu)的句法問(wèn)題。研究表明英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)是建構(gòu)世界經(jīng)驗(yàn)和踐行人際關(guān)系的重要詞匯語(yǔ)法資源。本研究凸顯了系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)的多功能思想、系統(tǒng)思想、語(yǔ)境思想和詞匯是最精密語(yǔ)法思想,驗(yàn)證了加的夫語(yǔ)法在解釋具體語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象上的適用性和可操作性,同時(shí)豐富和發(fā)展了系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)義理論和句法理論,對(duì)語(yǔ)篇描寫、理論生成和外語(yǔ)教學(xué)都具有一定的研究啟示。本研究對(duì)英語(yǔ)let結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)義及其句法體現(xiàn)形式分析力求全面、系統(tǒng),以期呈現(xiàn)該結(jié)構(gòu)在真實(shí)語(yǔ)境中的使用本質(zhì)。期待相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的未來(lái)研究能對(duì)該結(jié)構(gòu)作出更加科學(xué)、全面、系統(tǒng)的解釋。
[Abstract]:English let structure in this study, refers to the English let to guide the imperative sentence structure. The structure is a very complicated language phenomenon in modern English. Because of the particularity and the element of the stability of semantic and syntactic structure, which are typically marginalized in the imperative to study, few scholars of the the structure of meticulously and systematically study. Research on the let structure of the existing literature mainly focused on the syntactic level (POS let such as the structure of the subject, etc.), limited to the study of semantic structure, the semantic and syntactic structure of the body are also lack of empirical description of large-scale corpus based on the real data. In view of this, this study in systemic functional linguistics theory within the framework of the Cardiff grammar, corpus of contemporary American English based on < >, the transitivity system in English let structure, tone system and function The syntax for system analysis, in order to reveal the semantic and syntactic features of the structure, deepen the understanding of the nature of the structure, to enrich and develop the theory of systemic functional linguistics and general linguistics applied linguistics, and other linguistic theory to research the structure of reference. This research adopts the method of qualitative and quantitative, trying to solve the following three problems: first, English let structure which process types and participant roles configuration mode in transitivity system? How the distribution features of the structure and properties of? Second, English let structure tone said what is the relationship between mood and meaning? How the distribution features of the structure of the tone system third, let? What are the syntactic features of English syntactic structure? The transitivity and tone of the form is what kind of? In this study, introduces the research background, research significance The design and research, combing the status of research on English let structure at home and abroad, to clarify the contributions and shortcomings of the current research, provide the basis for further research on the structure; then introduces the Cardiff grammar, focuses on the research paradigm, transitivity system theory, theory and function of the tone system of syntactic theory, theoretical basis the establishment of this study, pointed out that the Cardiff grammar approach to English let structure; and then to the Cardiff grammar as the theoretical framework of English let structure of the transitivity system, mood system and functional syntax for a detailed description and analysis, aims to clear the experience of the structure in the actual use of language in the construction mode, communicative role and syntactic choice form; the final text of the summary. This research adopts the analysis method of the Cardiff grammar, 3221 let language structure collected from < > in the corpus of contemporary American English The material sampling detailed analysis and statistics based on the situational context, draw the following conclusions: first, in terms of transitivity, overall, English let structure in the transitivity process type, is mainly reflected in the action process, mental process, relational process and influence process; probability distribution of environmental processes is very small; the structure can not reflect the event - related process. In the process of type, action process mainly involves two participants; psychological process is mainly cognitive process; relationship mainly for location type and direction; influence process mainly involves the implicit action processes of transitivity types and let.Let structure can reflect the significance of the process of in the process. Types, grammatical usage action and psychological process mainly involves the structure of let; impact process mainly involves let verb usage; and the relationship between process and let Verb usage and grammar usage are involved. Specifically, the types of transitivity processes of various forms of let structure on the probability distribution showed a greater difference of.Let 's structure mainly reflects the course of action, mental and relational process, reflecting the impact of the probability distribution process is very small.Letus and let' s similar structure, different is the probability distribution of great influence in the structure; the let 's and letus structure in transitivity on both connections and differences. In letme, the probability distribution of the psychological process of the largest, followed by a course of action, relationship between the process and the influence probability distribution process had little difference the.Lethim/her/them structure in the process type of probability distribution is similar, which affect the process of distribution of probability is higher, other process types are small. The probability distribution in the letit structure, although the effect The maximum probability distribution process, but the process has a greater probability distribution; it can also reflect the environmental.Letthere structure mainly involves the relationship between process, process of single type. In let+ proper structure, although the impact probability distribution process is still the largest, but the probability distribution of the structure in the process of other types of lethim/her/them/it structure there are various types of transitivity processes significantly enhance the specific form of.Let structure according to the allocation patterns in the role and distribution system has obvious difference. The let structure and properties analysis shows that the construction of the complex human world experience in modern English, which reflects the important lexicogrammatical resources reality the rest of the world. Second, in tone, tone, tone and structure let person meaning by the situational context and individual discourse to strictly control the overall. 鏉ョ湅,璇ョ粨鏋勪富瑕佷綋鐜扮殑鏄痆琛屽姩鎻愯�甝鍜孾姝ｅ紡甯屾湜](méi).鍦╗琛屽姩鎻愯�甝涓，

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