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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：論柏拉圖思想的表達(dá)　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 蘇格拉底 柏拉圖 寫作 對話 中介

【摘要】：哲學(xué)思想的一般表現(xiàn)形式是思維過程、理論、原則以及觀點(diǎn)。而柏拉圖與大多數(shù)哲學(xué)家不同,用對話寫作哲學(xué)、表現(xiàn)哲學(xué)家,并在這過程中不明確表明自己的觀點(diǎn),這是柏拉圖思想的特點(diǎn)。在描述、論證類的哲學(xué)作品中,哲學(xué)如何表達(dá)似乎并不成問題。但柏拉圖哲學(xué)在形式上的特殊性讓哲學(xué)的表達(dá)成為研究的主題。只有對柏拉圖以寫作的方式進(jìn)行思想表達(dá)這樣一種表達(dá)思想的方式進(jìn)行分析,研究柏拉圖哲學(xué)如何表現(xiàn)自身,才能更好地理解柏拉圖哲學(xué)。柏拉圖哲學(xué)除了柏拉圖留下的作品和有關(guān)學(xué)園教學(xué)的傳聞,最重要的是他以寫作把蘇格拉底作為主角的對話為表達(dá)自己的思想的方式。柏拉圖通過寫作這一行動達(dá)到幾個效果:首先他的寫作在蘇格拉底與讀者之間建立了一條哲學(xué)之鏈。柏拉圖的寫作將蘇格拉底的哲學(xué)活動保存下來。蘇格拉底是獨(dú)特的哲學(xué)家,他的哲學(xué)就是他的一生,不能將他的哲學(xué)活動歸結(jié)為書面化的理論和觀點(diǎn),也不能模仿他的生活。柏拉圖的寫作將蘇格拉底的哲學(xué)活動記錄下來。當(dāng)然,記錄蘇格拉底的過程,以及在這過程中增添和刪減的要素,是不能進(jìn)入哲學(xué)探討的。關(guān)鍵是柏拉圖在記錄蘇格拉底的哲學(xué)活動時,完成了蘇格拉底式哲學(xué)活動的轉(zhuǎn)型。這一轉(zhuǎn)型可從兩方面理解,一是哲學(xué)研究從蘇格拉底式的行動變?yōu)闀�面寫�?二是柏拉圖對蘇格拉底的哲學(xué)活動保持沉默,因此很難斷定這些書面對話是柏拉圖的思想還是蘇格拉底的思想。其次,柏拉圖的寫作在哲學(xué)上建立了絕對的優(yōu)勢,對話中的哲學(xué)家蘇格拉底排擠了其他作家描寫的蘇格拉底,例如色諾芬、第歐根尼、亞里士多德等人。讀者只有通過柏拉圖的書面寫作才能研究蘇格拉底的哲學(xué),而其他作家的論述只能成為柏拉圖對話的補(bǔ)充。最后,柏拉圖的寫作本來是一個傳達(dá)思想的中介行為,卻成為既無法還原為哲學(xué)理論又無法模仿的哲學(xué)中心,成為柏拉圖思想的表達(dá)方式。柏拉圖的寫作在遮蔽蘇格拉底的原型的同時也遮蔽了柏拉圖的原型,他的歷史、寫作動機(jī)、寫作方法等都無法考證。但是對話是無可動搖的中心。柏拉圖通過書寫書面的對話將蘇格拉底的哲學(xué)活動展現(xiàn)給讀者,也通過對話呈現(xiàn)自己的思想。讀者面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是:除了通過寫作行為寫下來的東西,哲學(xué)還有別的表達(dá)方式。蘇格拉底和第歐根尼以非寫作化的行為來表達(dá)哲學(xué),柏拉圖采取了寫作的方式進(jìn)行思想表達(dá)。我們應(yīng)關(guān)注思想自身。
[Abstract]:The general form of philosophical thinking is the process of thinking, theory, principle and view. Platon and most philosophers are different from others. They write philosophies and philosophers through dialogue, and do not clearly show their views in the process. This is the characteristic of Platon's thought. In the philosophical works of description and argumentation, it seems that the expression of philosophy does not seem to be a problem. But the special form of Platon's philosophy makes the expression of philosophy the subject of research. Only by analyzing Platon's way of thinking and expressing this way of thinking in writing way, can we better understand Platon's philosophy by studying how to express herself in philosophy. Besides Platon's works and rumors about school teaching, the most important thing of Platon's philosophy is the way to express his thoughts by writing the dialogue as the leading role of Socrates. Platon has achieved several effects by writing this action: first, his writing has set up a chain of philosophy between Socrates and his readers. Platon's writing has preserved Socrates' philosophical activities. Socrates is a unique philosopher. His philosophy is his life. He can't attribute his philosophical activities to written theories and viewpoints, nor imitate his life. Platon's writing records Socrates' philosophical activities. Of course, the process of recording Socrates, as well as the elements of addition and deletion in this process, can not be discussed in philosophy. The key is that Platon completed the transformation of Socratic philosophical activities when he recorded the philosophical activities of Socrates. This transformation can be understood from two aspects. First, philosophical research has changed from Socrates's action to written writing. The two is Platon's silence on Socrates's philosophical activities, so it's hard to decide whether these written dialogues are Platon's thoughts or Socrates's thoughts. Secondly, Platon's writing has established the absolute advantage in philosophy, in the dialogue of the philosopher Socrates squeezed out other writers such as Socrates, Xenophon, Aristotle, et al. Diogenes. Only by Platon's written writing can the readers study Socrates's philosophy, and other writers' discourse can only be a supplement to Platon's dialogue. In the end, Platon's writing was originally an intermediary act to convey thoughts, but it became a philosophical center which could neither be reduced to philosophical theory nor imitated. It became the way of expression of Platon thought. Platon's writing obscured Platon's archetype while blocking the prototype of Socrates. His history, writing motivation and writing methods couldn't be verified. But dialogue is the unwavering center. By writing a written dialogue, Platon presents Socrates' philosophical activities to the readers and presents his thoughts through dialogue. The challenge for readers is that, in addition to what is written by writing, there are other ways of expressing philosophy. Socrates and Diogenes in writing of behavior to the expression of philosophy, Platon has adopted the way of writing thought and expression. We should pay attention to the mind itself.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B502.232

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