發(fā)布時間：2017-12-27 20:02

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：以文化認知推進公民有序政治參與研究　出處：《山東大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 文化 文化認知 有序 政治參與

【摘要】：在當今社會的發(fā)展中,文化發(fā)揮出越來越大的導向、整合、教育等作用。但值得特別指出,文化作用的發(fā)揮必須建立在人對文化認知基礎之上。因為只有通過文化認知才能把握文化的價值意義,并由此產(chǎn)生相關(guān)的文化理念,進而才能自覺利用文化指導完成具體活動。把公民政治參與放在文化認知的視域下,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)公民政治參與同樣需要把文化認知作為前提和條件。因為公民只有對現(xiàn)實的政治文化產(chǎn)生一定的文化認知,才能產(chǎn)生相應的政治態(tài)度、政治取向和政治行為。因此,民主政治文化的建設對公民政治參與的促進作用是不能忽視的。民主政治文化的核心是民主,那么對民主政治文化的文化認知無疑應該集中在對民主政治及其現(xiàn)象的認識和理解的基礎上進行。由于人的認知是在一定的文化背景下,即以先前所積累的政治文化知識和經(jīng)驗為基礎而完成和完善的認知。所以,公民在政治文化認知過程中,會利用已有的政治文化知識及經(jīng)驗,對所要認識的社會政治體系及現(xiàn)象進行分析和推理,并做出正確的判斷。因此,根深蒂固的封建社會傳統(tǒng)的政治觀念會對當今公民形成正確的文化認知產(chǎn)生消極的影響,所以擺脫傳統(tǒng)文化消極因素自然成為了公民政治參與活動的當務之急。中國傳統(tǒng)文化牽涉面太廣,有積極因素,也有消極因素,其中最大的消極因素就在于對"民主"意識的缺失、"民主"手段的陌生、"民主"權(quán)利的漠視。在這種情況下,個人以為應該加大傳統(tǒng)文化中的負面因素的批判力度,特別警惕這些負面因素的借尸還魂。在以文化認知參與政治的過程中,有辨別的對待那些貌似是"群眾共識""有廣泛民意""全民共討"等。當然,中國傳統(tǒng)政治文化的消極影響,不可能只是影響民眾層面,它對國家政府層面的影響同樣是不可低估的。因此,在對民主政治文化的認知上,各個層面的政治主體都有必要擺脫傳統(tǒng)的、扭曲的政治文化認知的束縛,更新思想觀念,正確把握民主政治的內(nèi)涵。公民通過對社會民主政治文化的文化認知,核心在于對"民主"形成正確的理解和認識,即知曉什么是民主、自己擁有如何的民主權(quán)利、什么樣的行為才能算得上民主。因此,公民社會民主政治文化的文化認知的關(guān)鍵是由此形成公民意識、主體意識、權(quán)利意識、責任意識、規(guī)范意識和法律意識等。而所有意識的集合在一起體現(xiàn)在公民的"角色意識"中,即通常所講的要知曉"我要做什么、我能做什么、應該做什么、不能做什么"。公民在政治文化認知中,與國家政府達成政治上認同是至關(guān)重要的。其政治認同既包括政治主體認同,即國家政府及執(zhí)政黨與公民之間的相互認同;還包括政治規(guī)范的認同,即公民對國家政治制度、國家法律與政策的認同。前者是公民政治參與的政治基礎,后者是公民政治參與基本原則。只有在政治認同的基礎上,才能產(chǎn)生公民與國家政府之間的相互信賴和相互支持。只有通過政治文化認知,才能讓公民明白"公民意識"并不僅僅表現(xiàn)為主體意識和權(quán)利意識,還包括責任意識和規(guī)則意識。積極參與政治,用實際行動參政和議政,但絕不意味著可以任性地蠻干,更不意味著可以不顧一切地亂干。因此,把政治參與行為規(guī)范在法律允許和法律保護的范圍之內(nèi),通過對非法參與和非制度化的否定,才能使公民與國家政府之間產(chǎn)生良性互動,建立起合理的利益耦合機制,從而降低政治摩擦的系數(shù),有利于解決公民之間和公民與國家政府之間產(chǎn)生的各種矛盾。對民主政治文化認知,不僅在于擴大有序公民政治參與,更重要的是在此基礎上形成公民政治參與文化。公民政治參與文化的特點應該是在與國家政府達成政治認同前提下,首先保證實現(xiàn)真正意義上的民主政治參與。沒有公民的參與固然難于形成公民政治參與文化,但公民政治參與不是自覺自愿的參與,而是在政府動員號召下的被動參與,或是當自己合法權(quán)益受到侵害而被逼無奈的參與,由于公民的主體地位并沒有得到真正的體現(xiàn),因此,只能形成扭曲的公民政治參與文化;這是公民政治參與文化的主要內(nèi)容。其二,公民政治參與要體現(xiàn)出規(guī)范有序的政治參與。有序是在規(guī)范中的有序,即政治參與在法律法規(guī)范圍內(nèi)開展各種活動,規(guī)范是保障有序的規(guī)范,即法律法規(guī)要起到對公民政治參與活動提供維護作用。這是公民政治參與文化的最主要外在形式。其三,公民政治參與應該成為促進社會穩(wěn)定的政治參與。充滿民主的社會一定是安全穩(wěn)定的社會,同樣,安全穩(wěn)定的社會一定會是處處充滿民主的社會。因為民主意味社會各方面的和諧,社會各方面的和諧帶來民主。通過公民政治參與顯示社會的民主,通過民主給公民政治參與創(chuàng)造更多的機會和條件,這樣的社會表象背后是社會的繁榮,這正是公民政治參與文化最明顯的社會作用。我們必須承認,在公民形成民主政治文化認知的同時,對公民進行有關(guān)民主方面教育是完全必要的。但公民政治參與的實踐告訴人們:指望公民的政治文化素質(zhì)達到一定的令人滿意程度,再允許其參與政治不過是因噎廢食的舉動。事實上,公民通過接受文化教育而產(chǎn)生文化與公民的政治參與實踐應該在同一個過程中進行的。因此,大膽支持公民積極政治參與的活動,引導公民在政治文化參與的實踐中不斷擴展政治知識和增強民主意識,培養(yǎng)和提升公民對社會主義政治體系的歸屬感、認同感、政治責任感。讓公民在政治參與實踐中提高自身的民主政治行為能力,并不斷積累政治經(jīng)驗,才能使公民更加成熟地完成政治參與。文化認知對我國公民有序政治參與的發(fā)展具有重要的時代意義,文化認知同時決定了公民政治參與政治認同的心理基礎、主體意識對政治角色的認知、公民政治參與的行為方式、公民對民主政治文化認知的認識和理解。文化認知又作為人類掌握世界的獨特方式、社會存在的復合條件、自我相關(guān)的中介系統(tǒng)、文明進步的動力源泉、生活實踐的總體性尺度對公民政治有序參與產(chǎn)生作用與影響。在此基礎之上,本文指出了以文化認知推進公民有序政治參與的基本思路,即構(gòu)建具有文化認知效應的公民有序政治參與環(huán)境、樹立具有反身而誠的公民有序政治參與自我革命意識、建立具有宏微互滲的認知體系、構(gòu)建具有科學性的認知系統(tǒng)、發(fā)揮具有文化自覺管理參與功能。
[Abstract]:In the development of today's society, culture has played a more and more important role in guidance, integration, education and so on. But it is worth noting that the role of culture must be built on the basis of people's cultural cognition. Because only by cultural cognition can we grasp the value and meaning of culture, and produce relevant cultural ideas, so that we can consciously use cultural guidance to accomplish specific activities. Taking the political participation of citizens in the perspective of cultural cognition, we can find that the political participation of citizens also needs to take cultural cognition as a prerequisite and condition. Because only the citizens have a certain cultural cognition to the realistic political culture, they can produce the corresponding political attitude, political orientation and political behavior. Therefore, the promotion of the construction of democratic political culture to the political participation of citizens can not be ignored. The core of democratic political culture is democracy, so the cultural cognition of democratic political culture should focus on the understanding and understanding of democratic politics and its phenomena. Human cognition is completed and perfected in a certain cultural background, which is based on the previously accumulated political and cultural knowledge and experience. Therefore, in the process of political culture cognition, citizens will make use of the existing political culture knowledge and experience to analyze and reason the social political system and phenomena that we need to know, and make the correct judgement. Therefore, the deep-rooted feudal society's traditional political ideas will have a negative impact on the citizens' right cultural cognition nowadays. Therefore, getting rid of the negative factors of traditional culture has become a top priority for citizen's political participation. Chinese traditional culture involves too many factors, including positive factors and negative factors. The most negative factor is the lack of awareness of democracy, the strangeness of "democracy" and the disregard of "democratic rights". In this case, individuals that should increase the negative factors in the traditional culture of criticism, especially wary of these negative factors in. In the process of participating in politics with cultural cognition, there seems to be a discernible treatment of "popular consensus", "widespread public opinion" and "common denounce". Of course, the negative influence of Chinese traditional political culture can not only affect the level of the people, but it can not be underestimated at the level of the national government. Therefore, in the recognition of democratic political culture, all levels of political subjects need to get rid of the traditional and distorted political and cultural cognitive constraints, renew their ideas and correctly grasp the connotation of democratic politics. Through the cultural cognition of social democratic politics and culture, the core of citizens lies in the correct understanding and understanding of democracy, namely, knowing what democracy is, how democratic rights they have, and what kind of behavior can be regarded as democracy. Therefore, the key to the cultural cognition of civil society's democratic politics and culture is to form civic consciousness, subjective consciousness, right consciousness, responsibility consciousness, norm consciousness and law consciousness. And the combination of all consciousness is embodied in the citizen's role consciousness, that is, what we usually say is to know what I want to do, what I can do, what I can do, what I should do and what I cannot do. In political and cultural cognition, it is essential for citizens to agree with the government to achieve political identity. Their political identity includes both the identification of the political subject, namely, the mutual recognition between the national government and the ruling party and the citizens, as well as the identification of political norms, that is, citizens' recognition of the national political system, national laws and policies. The former is the political basis of citizen's political participation, and the latter is the basic principle of citizen's political participation. Only on the basis of political identity can the mutual trust and mutual support between the citizens and the state government be created. Only through political and cultural cognition can citizens understand that "civic awareness" is not only manifested in the sense of subjectivity and rights, but also in the sense of responsibility and rule. Active participation in politics, with practical actions in politics and government, but by no means can not act recklessly, but that does not mean to do can fling caution to the winds. Therefore, the specification within the law and the legal protection of political participation, through the negation of the illegal participation and non institutional, in order to make the interaction between citizens and the state government, establish reasonable benefit coupling mechanism, so as to reduce the friction coefficient of the political, there are various kinds of conflicts between citizens and to solve the citizen and the state government. The cultural cognition of democratic politics is not only to expand the political participation of orderly citizens, but also to form a culture of citizen political participation on this basis. The characteristics of citizen's political participation should be to ensure the realization of democratic political participation on the premise of reaching political identity with the state government. No citizen participation is difficult to form a culture of citizen political participation, but the political participation of citizens not willing to participate, but passive participation in government mobilization call, or when their legitimate rights and interests are infringed upon and forced to participate, because of the status of citizens has not been truly reflected, therefore, only the formation of citizen culture political participation is distorted; this is the main content of culture of citizen's political participation. Secondly, the political participation of citizens should be embodied in a standardized and orderly manner. Order is in the order of norms, that is, political participation in various activities within the scope of laws and regulations, norms are to protect orderly norms, that is, laws and regulations play a role in safeguarding citizens' participation in political activities. This is the most important external form of citizen's political participation in culture. Third, the political participation of citizens should be the political participation to promote social stability. A society full of democracy must be a safe and stable society. Similarly, a secure and stable society will be filled with people everywhere.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G02;D621.5
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本文編號：1342975