發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-27 20:02

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：以文化認(rèn)知推進(jìn)公民有序政治參與研究　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 文化 文化認(rèn)知 有序 政治參與

【摘要】：在當(dāng)今社會(huì)的發(fā)展中,文化發(fā)揮出越來越大的導(dǎo)向、整合、教育等作用。但值得特別指出,文化作用的發(fā)揮必須建立在人對(duì)文化認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)之上。因?yàn)橹挥型ㄟ^文化認(rèn)知才能把握文化的價(jià)值意義,并由此產(chǎn)生相關(guān)的文化理念,進(jìn)而才能自覺利用文化指導(dǎo)完成具體活動(dòng)。把公民政治參與放在文化認(rèn)知的視域下,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)公民政治參與同樣需要把文化認(rèn)知作為前提和條件。因?yàn)楣�民只有�?duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的政治文化產(chǎn)生一定的文化認(rèn)知,才能產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的政治態(tài)度、政治取向和政治行為。因此,民主政治文化的建設(shè)對(duì)公民政治參與的促進(jìn)作用是不能忽視的。民主政治文化的核心是民主,那么對(duì)民主政治文化的文化認(rèn)知無疑應(yīng)該集中在對(duì)民主政治及其現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行。由于人的認(rèn)知是在一定的文化背景下,即以先前所積累的政治文化知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)而完成和完善的認(rèn)知。所以,公民在政治文化認(rèn)知過程中,會(huì)利用已有的政治文化知識(shí)及經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)所要認(rèn)識(shí)的社會(huì)政治體系及現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析和推理,并做出正確的判斷。因此,根深蒂固的封建社會(huì)傳統(tǒng)的政治觀念會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)今公民形成正確的文化認(rèn)知產(chǎn)生消極的影響,所以擺脫傳統(tǒng)文化消極因素自然成為了公民政治參與活動(dòng)的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。中國傳統(tǒng)文化牽涉面太廣,有積極因素,也有消極因素,其中最大的消極因素就在于對(duì)"民主"意識(shí)的缺失、"民主"手段的陌生、"民主"權(quán)利的漠視。在這種情況下,個(gè)人以為應(yīng)該加大傳統(tǒng)文化中的負(fù)面因素的批判力度,特別警惕這些負(fù)面因素的借尸還魂。在以文化認(rèn)知參與政治的過程中,有辨別的對(duì)待那些貌似是"群眾共識(shí)""有廣泛民意""全民共討"等。當(dāng)然,中國傳統(tǒng)政治文化的消極影響,不可能只是影響民眾層面,它對(duì)國家政府層面的影響同樣是不可低估的。因此,在對(duì)民主政治文化的認(rèn)知上,各個(gè)層面的政治主體都有必要擺脫傳統(tǒng)的、扭曲的政治文化認(rèn)知的束縛,更新思想觀念,正確把握民主政治的內(nèi)涵。公民通過對(duì)社會(huì)民主政治文化的文化認(rèn)知,核心在于對(duì)"民主"形成正確的理解和認(rèn)識(shí),即知曉什么是民主、自己擁有如何的民主權(quán)利、什么樣的行為才能算得上民主。因此,公民社會(huì)民主政治文化的文化認(rèn)知的關(guān)鍵是由此形成公民意識(shí)、主體意識(shí)、權(quán)利意識(shí)、責(zé)任意識(shí)、規(guī)范意識(shí)和法律意識(shí)等。而所有意識(shí)的集合在一起體現(xiàn)在公民的"角色意識(shí)"中,即通常所講的要知曉"我要做什么、我能做什么、應(yīng)該做什么、不能做什么"。公民在政治文化認(rèn)知中,與國家政府達(dá)成政治上認(rèn)同是至關(guān)重要的。其政治認(rèn)同既包括政治主體認(rèn)同,即國家政府及執(zhí)政黨與公民之間的相互認(rèn)同;還包括政治規(guī)范的認(rèn)同,即公民對(duì)國家政治制度、國家法律與政策的認(rèn)同。前者是公民政治參與的政治基礎(chǔ),后者是公民政治參與基本原則。只有在政治認(rèn)同的基礎(chǔ)上,才能產(chǎn)生公民與國家政府之間的相互信賴和相互支持。只有通過政治文化認(rèn)知,才能讓公民明白"公民意識(shí)"并不僅僅表現(xiàn)為主體意識(shí)和權(quán)利意識(shí),還包括責(zé)任意識(shí)和規(guī)則意識(shí)。積極參與政治,用實(shí)際行動(dòng)參政和議政,但絕不意味著可以任性地蠻干,更不意味著可以不顧一切地亂干。因此,把政治參與行為規(guī)范在法律允許和法律保護(hù)的范圍之內(nèi),通過對(duì)非法參與和非制度化的否定,才能使公民與國家政府之間產(chǎn)生良性互動(dòng),建立起合理的利益耦合機(jī)制,從而降低政治摩擦的系數(shù),有利于解決公民之間和公民與國家政府之間產(chǎn)生的各種矛盾。對(duì)民主政治文化認(rèn)知,不僅在于擴(kuò)大有序公民政治參與,更重要的是在此基礎(chǔ)上形成公民政治參與文化。公民政治參與文化的特點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是在與國家政府達(dá)成政治認(rèn)同前提下,首先保證實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的民主政治參與。沒有公民的參與固然難于形成公民政治參與文化,但公民政治參與不是自覺自愿的參與,而是在政府動(dòng)員號(hào)召下的被動(dòng)參與,或是當(dāng)自己合法權(quán)益受到侵害而被逼無奈的參與,由于公民的主體地位并沒有得到真正的體現(xiàn),因此,只能形成扭曲的公民政治參與文化;這是公民政治參與文化的主要內(nèi)容。其二,公民政治參與要體現(xiàn)出規(guī)范有序的政治參與。有序是在規(guī)范中的有序,即政治參與在法律法規(guī)范圍內(nèi)開展各種活動(dòng),規(guī)范是保障有序的規(guī)范,即法律法規(guī)要起到對(duì)公民政治參與活動(dòng)提供維護(hù)作用。這是公民政治參與文化的最主要外在形式。其三,公民政治參與應(yīng)該成為促進(jìn)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的政治參與。充滿民主的社會(huì)一定是安全穩(wěn)定的社會(huì),同樣,安全穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)一定會(huì)是處處充滿民主的社會(huì)。因?yàn)槊裰饕馕渡鐣?huì)各方面的和諧,社會(huì)各方面的和諧帶來民主。通過公民政治參與顯示社會(huì)的民主,通過民主給公民政治參與創(chuàng)造更多的機(jī)會(huì)和條件,這樣的社會(huì)表象背后是社會(huì)的繁榮,這正是公民政治參與文化最明顯的社會(huì)作用。我們必須承認(rèn),在公民形成民主政治文化認(rèn)知的同時(shí),對(duì)公民進(jìn)行有關(guān)民主方面教育是完全必要的。但公民政治參與的實(shí)踐告訴人們:指望公民的政治文化素質(zhì)達(dá)到一定的令人滿意程度,再允許其參與政治不過是因噎廢食的舉動(dòng)。事實(shí)上,公民通過接受文化教育而產(chǎn)生文化與公民的政治參與實(shí)踐應(yīng)該在同一個(gè)過程中進(jìn)行的。因此,大膽支持公民積極政治參與的活動(dòng),引導(dǎo)公民在政治文化參與的實(shí)踐中不斷擴(kuò)展政治知識(shí)和增強(qiáng)民主意識(shí),培養(yǎng)和提升公民對(duì)社會(huì)主義政治體系的歸屬感、認(rèn)同感、政治責(zé)任感。讓公民在政治參與實(shí)踐中提高自身的民主政治行為能力,并不斷積累政治經(jīng)驗(yàn),才能使公民更加成熟地完成政治參與。文化認(rèn)知對(duì)我國公民有序政治參與的發(fā)展具有重要的時(shí)代意義,文化認(rèn)知同時(shí)決定了公民政治參與政治認(rèn)同的心理基礎(chǔ)、主體意識(shí)對(duì)政治角色的認(rèn)知、公民政治參與的行為方式、公民對(duì)民主政治文化認(rèn)知的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。文化認(rèn)知又作為人類掌握世界的獨(dú)特方式、社會(huì)存在的復(fù)合條件、自我相關(guān)的中介系統(tǒng)、文明進(jìn)步的動(dòng)力源泉、生活實(shí)踐的總體性尺度對(duì)公民政治有序參與產(chǎn)生作用與影響。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,本文指出了以文化認(rèn)知推進(jìn)公民有序政治參與的基本思路,即構(gòu)建具有文化認(rèn)知效應(yīng)的公民有序政治參與環(huán)境、樹立具有反身而誠的公民有序政治參與自我革命意識(shí)、建立具有宏微互滲的認(rèn)知體系、構(gòu)建具有科學(xué)性的認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)、發(fā)揮具有文化自覺管理參與功能。
[Abstract]:In the development of today's society, culture has played a more and more important role in guidance, integration, education and so on. But it is worth noting that the role of culture must be built on the basis of people's cultural cognition. Because only by cultural cognition can we grasp the value and meaning of culture, and produce relevant cultural ideas, so that we can consciously use cultural guidance to accomplish specific activities. Taking the political participation of citizens in the perspective of cultural cognition, we can find that the political participation of citizens also needs to take cultural cognition as a prerequisite and condition. Because only the citizens have a certain cultural cognition to the realistic political culture, they can produce the corresponding political attitude, political orientation and political behavior. Therefore, the promotion of the construction of democratic political culture to the political participation of citizens can not be ignored. The core of democratic political culture is democracy, so the cultural cognition of democratic political culture should focus on the understanding and understanding of democratic politics and its phenomena. Human cognition is completed and perfected in a certain cultural background, which is based on the previously accumulated political and cultural knowledge and experience. Therefore, in the process of political culture cognition, citizens will make use of the existing political culture knowledge and experience to analyze and reason the social political system and phenomena that we need to know, and make the correct judgement. Therefore, the deep-rooted feudal society's traditional political ideas will have a negative impact on the citizens' right cultural cognition nowadays. Therefore, getting rid of the negative factors of traditional culture has become a top priority for citizen's political participation. Chinese traditional culture involves too many factors, including positive factors and negative factors. The most negative factor is the lack of awareness of democracy, the strangeness of "democracy" and the disregard of "democratic rights". In this case, individuals that should increase the negative factors in the traditional culture of criticism, especially wary of these negative factors in. In the process of participating in politics with cultural cognition, there seems to be a discernible treatment of "popular consensus", "widespread public opinion" and "common denounce". Of course, the negative influence of Chinese traditional political culture can not only affect the level of the people, but it can not be underestimated at the level of the national government. Therefore, in the recognition of democratic political culture, all levels of political subjects need to get rid of the traditional and distorted political and cultural cognitive constraints, renew their ideas and correctly grasp the connotation of democratic politics. Through the cultural cognition of social democratic politics and culture, the core of citizens lies in the correct understanding and understanding of democracy, namely, knowing what democracy is, how democratic rights they have, and what kind of behavior can be regarded as democracy. Therefore, the key to the cultural cognition of civil society's democratic politics and culture is to form civic consciousness, subjective consciousness, right consciousness, responsibility consciousness, norm consciousness and law consciousness. And the combination of all consciousness is embodied in the citizen's role consciousness, that is, what we usually say is to know what I want to do, what I can do, what I can do, what I should do and what I cannot do. In political and cultural cognition, it is essential for citizens to agree with the government to achieve political identity. Their political identity includes both the identification of the political subject, namely, the mutual recognition between the national government and the ruling party and the citizens, as well as the identification of political norms, that is, citizens' recognition of the national political system, national laws and policies. The former is the political basis of citizen's political participation, and the latter is the basic principle of citizen's political participation. Only on the basis of political identity can the mutual trust and mutual support between the citizens and the state government be created. Only through political and cultural cognition can citizens understand that "civic awareness" is not only manifested in the sense of subjectivity and rights, but also in the sense of responsibility and rule. Active participation in politics, with practical actions in politics and government, but by no means can not act recklessly, but that does not mean to do can fling caution to the winds. Therefore, the specification within the law and the legal protection of political participation, through the negation of the illegal participation and non institutional, in order to make the interaction between citizens and the state government, establish reasonable benefit coupling mechanism, so as to reduce the friction coefficient of the political, there are various kinds of conflicts between citizens and to solve the citizen and the state government. The cultural cognition of democratic politics is not only to expand the political participation of orderly citizens, but also to form a culture of citizen political participation on this basis. The characteristics of citizen's political participation should be to ensure the realization of democratic political participation on the premise of reaching political identity with the state government. No citizen participation is difficult to form a culture of citizen political participation, but the political participation of citizens not willing to participate, but passive participation in government mobilization call, or when their legitimate rights and interests are infringed upon and forced to participate, because of the status of citizens has not been truly reflected, therefore, only the formation of citizen culture political participation is distorted; this is the main content of culture of citizen's political participation. Secondly, the political participation of citizens should be embodied in a standardized and orderly manner. Order is in the order of norms, that is, political participation in various activities within the scope of laws and regulations, norms are to protect orderly norms, that is, laws and regulations play a role in safeguarding citizens' participation in political activities. This is the most important external form of citizen's political participation in culture. Third, the political participation of citizens should be the political participation to promote social stability. A society full of democracy must be a safe and stable society. Similarly, a secure and stable society will be filled with people everywhere.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G02;D621.5
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本文編號(hào)：1342975