【摘要】：本文以兩淮礦區(qū)所采集的塌陷塘中水、沉積物和魚以及土壤、蚯蚓、玉米粒樣品為研究對象,通過酸消解、BCR連續(xù)提取和電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜儀分析等環(huán)境樣品分析方法,以及相關(guān)性分析、因子分析、聚類分析、線性回歸分析和環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價等數(shù)據(jù)處理方法,對As,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb和Zn等典型微量元素在兩淮礦區(qū)表生環(huán)境中的含量分布、形態(tài)特征、來源解析、影響因素以及潛在生態(tài)和健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了研究。主要得到如下結(jié)果:(1)揭示了淮南礦區(qū)塌陷塘鯽魚體內(nèi)不同組織器官中微量元素的含量、富集特征和健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)塌陷塘中鯽魚體內(nèi)微量元素(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb和Zn)的含量較對照區(qū)較高,受采礦、農(nóng)業(yè)等人為活動影響較高:鯽魚體內(nèi)微量元素在不同器官間分布規(guī)律為:肝臟鰓皮膚肌肉;鯽魚體內(nèi)微量元素主要源自對塌陷塘沉積物的接觸和攝入:通過食用塌陷塘內(nèi)鯽魚魚肉所攝入的微量元素對當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裎丛斐煞侵掳┙】碉L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(2)分析了淮南礦區(qū)土壤中威廉環(huán)毛蚓體內(nèi)微量元素(As.Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb和Zn)的含量分布、富集特征、影響因素及與土壤各參數(shù)間的相關(guān)性。研究表明蚯蚓對土壤中的Cd,Zn和As的富集能力較強(qiáng);土壤中微量元素的來源是人為活動(礦業(yè)活動、農(nóng)業(yè)活動、交通排放等)和自然來源的共同作用;土壤理化性質(zhì)(pH、有機(jī)質(zhì)、電導(dǎo)率、總鉀和總磷)影響蚯蚓對微量元素的吸收與富集;可通過線性回歸建立蚯蚓對土壤中Cd,Cu,Pb和Zn元素的富集模型,表明環(huán)毛蚓具有作為土壤重金屬污染的生物指示器的潛在價值。(3)研究了淮北礦區(qū)土壤中微量元素(Co,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb和Zn)的含量、形態(tài)特征及影響因素,結(jié)合玉米粒中元素含量分析了元素的可移動性和生物可利用性。結(jié)果表明土壤中微量元素含量適于作物生長,作物對Cu,Pb和Zn的富集能力較高:土壤樣品中Mn,Pb和Zn的可移動形態(tài)占較大比例;土壤pH及有機(jī)質(zhì)可影響土壤中元素的形態(tài)分布:弱酸提取態(tài)和可還原態(tài)是玉米植株最易吸收利用的形態(tài);研究區(qū)土壤中Pb因其較高可移動性和生物可利用性應(yīng)引起關(guān)注。(4)闡明了淮北礦區(qū)塌陷塘沉積物中微量元素(As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb和Zn)的形態(tài)特征、來源和生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Cd元素弱酸提取態(tài)占總量比例最大,是最易被生物吸收利用的元素;沉積物中除Ni元素為自然來源外,其余元素輸入皆受自然來源與人為活動的共同作用,其中As和Cd受農(nóng)業(yè)活動影響,而交通排放對Cr,Cu,Pb和Zn來源有較大貢獻(xiàn);綜合三種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價結(jié)果表明僅Cd元素呈現(xiàn)高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平。(5)系統(tǒng)探討了兩淮礦區(qū)各環(huán)境介質(zhì)及生物中微量元素的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律、生物富集、形態(tài)分布特征、輸入途徑、影響因素和環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn),建立了兩淮礦區(qū)表生環(huán)境中微量元素的生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)模型。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the samples of water, sediment, fish, soil, earthworms and corn grains collected from collapse ponds in Lianghuai mining area were studied. The environmental samples were analyzed by acid digestion BCR continuous extraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer analysis. And the data processing methods such as correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, linear regression analysis and environmental risk assessment were used to analyze the content distribution, morphological characteristics and source of typical trace elements such as Aspergillus corifera, Cucrhium crassifolia, Mn-NiPb and Zn in the supergene environment of Lianghuai mining area. The influencing factors and potential ecological and health risks were studied. The main results are as follows: (1) the contents, enrichment characteristics and health risk of trace elements in different tissues and organs of Carassius auratus in collapse pond of Huainan mining area were revealed. It was found that the contents of trace elements (As-CdCU Cr-CuCU NiNiPb and Zn) in the cave-in pond were higher than those in the control area, which were influenced by human activities such as mining and agriculture. The distribution of trace elements in crucian carp in different organs was as follows: liver, Gill, skin and muscle; The trace elements in Carassius auratus mainly come from the contact and ingestion of sediment in the cave-in pond: the trace elements taken in the fish meat of the cave-in pond did not cause non-carcinogenic health risk to the local residents. (2) the soil of Huainan mining area was analyzed. The distribution of trace elements (as. Enrichment characteristics, influencing factors and correlation with soil parameters. The results show that earthworm has strong enrichment ability of CD, Zn and as in soil, trace elements in soil are derived from human activities (mining activities, agricultural activities, traffic discharge, etc.) and natural sources, physical and chemical properties of soil (pH, organic matter, etc.), Electrical conductivity, total potassium and total phosphorus) affect the absorption and enrichment of trace elements by earthworms, and a model for the enrichment of CD, Cu, Pb and Zn elements in soil by earthworms can be established by linear regression. The results indicated that Cycloderma had the potential value as a biological indicator of heavy metal pollution in soil. (3) the contents, morphological characteristics and influencing factors of trace elements (Cochrhium CuMnMnNiPb and Zn) in soil of Huaibei mining area were studied. The mobility and bioavailability of elements were analyzed in combination with the content of elements in corn kernels. The results showed that the content of trace elements in soil was suitable for crop growth, and the enrichment ability of crops to Cu Pb and Zn was higher. The removable forms of mn Pb and Zn in soil samples accounted for a large proportion. Soil pH and organic matter can affect the distribution of elements in the soil. Weak acid extraction and reducible state are the most easily absorbed and utilized forms of maize plants. The Pb in the soil of the study area should be paid attention to because of its high mobility and bioavailability. (4) the morphological characteristics, sources and ecological risk levels of trace elements (Aspergectadecrhium CuCuNiNiPb and Zn) in the sediments of collapse ponds in Huaibei mining area were elucidated. It was found that CD was the most easily bioabsorbed element, and the input of other elements was affected by both natural and anthropogenic activities, except that Ni was a natural source. Among them, as and CD were affected by agricultural activities, while traffic emissions contributed greatly to the source of Cr ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Pb and Zn. The results of three kinds of risk evaluation show that only CD presents a high risk level. (5) the migration and transformation of trace elements in environmental media and organisms in Lianghuai mining area, bioconcentration, morphological distribution characteristics and input ways are systematically discussed. The biogeochemical cycle model of trace elements in the supergene environment of Lianghuai mining area was established by influencing factors and environmental risks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X142

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