鎘和砷對不同發(fā)育階段紫貽貝毒理效應(yīng)的組學(xué)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-17 11:09
【摘要】：近年來渤海的重金屬污染問題日益嚴(yán)重。本論文根據(jù)渤海重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀,利用代謝組學(xué)和蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)技術(shù),并結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)毒理學(xué)方法研究了兩種海洋典型重金屬污染物鎘(Cd)和砷(As)對不同發(fā)育階段紫貽貝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)的毒性效應(yīng)機制,旨在從整體水平探討Cd和As對不同發(fā)育階段紫貽貝脅迫機制的差異,并從中篩選出表征污染物脅迫效應(yīng)的代謝物及蛋白質(zhì)作為生物標(biāo)志物,為海洋環(huán)境監(jiān)測及評價提供理論依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果如下:1.不同濃度Cd和As(V)對紫貽貝D型幼蟲毒理效應(yīng)的組學(xué)研究紫貽貝D型幼蟲經(jīng)不同濃度Cd(5μg/L和50μg/L)和As(V)(5μg/L和50μg/L)暴露48小時后,不同濃度的Cd和As(V)暴露對紫貽貝D型幼蟲均未造成致畸作用。Cd和As(V)對D型幼蟲的致毒機制存在顯著差異,其中Cd對D型幼蟲在分子水平存在劑量-效應(yīng)關(guān)系。基于核磁共振技術(shù)的代謝組學(xué)研究結(jié)果表明,Cd和As(V)暴露均影響了D型幼蟲能量代謝、脂肪代謝和滲透壓調(diào)節(jié)等生物過程�；陔p向電泳結(jié)合質(zhì)譜檢測技術(shù)的蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),5μg/L和50μg/L Cd暴露后紫貽貝D型幼蟲組織中與細(xì)胞骨架、能量代謝、基因表達和免疫調(diào)節(jié)等生物過程有關(guān)的蛋白質(zhì)發(fā)生顯著變化。5μg/L Cd暴露誘導(dǎo)了D型幼蟲組織中與細(xì)胞凋亡、氧化應(yīng)激和蛋白質(zhì)折疊相關(guān)的蛋白質(zhì)出現(xiàn)顯著變化。50μg/L Cd暴露誘導(dǎo)了D型幼蟲組織中與解毒和蛋白質(zhì)代謝相關(guān)的蛋白質(zhì)出現(xiàn)顯著變化。5μg/L As(V)暴露干擾了D型幼蟲的蛋白質(zhì)代謝等生物過程,50μg/L As(V)暴露影響了D型幼蟲的解毒和免疫調(diào)節(jié)等生物過程。2.Cd和As(V)對紫貽貝稚貝毒理效應(yīng)的組學(xué)研究紫貽貝稚貝經(jīng)50μg/L Cd和50μg/L As(V)暴露48小時后,重金屬測定結(jié)果表明,Cd暴露組紫貽貝稚貝組織中Cd富集量為極顯著水平(p0.01),而As(V)暴露組As富集不顯著。代謝組學(xué)研究結(jié)果表明,Cd和As(V)均干擾了紫貽貝滲透壓調(diào)節(jié)和能量代謝等過程。Cd影響了稚貝的脂肪代謝過程,支鏈氨基酸的顯著下調(diào)表明As(V)干擾了稚貝的免疫調(diào)節(jié)過程。蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),Cd暴露干擾了稚貝的細(xì)胞骨架、免疫調(diào)節(jié)和信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)等過程,而As(V)暴露影響了稚貝能量代謝、細(xì)胞凋亡、基因表達和氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)等過程。經(jīng)Cd和As(V)暴露后,紫貽貝稚貝組織中不同抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、過氧化氫酶和谷胱甘肽轉(zhuǎn)移酶)活性和丙二醛含量均未出現(xiàn)顯著變化。結(jié)果表明,Cd和As(V)暴露對紫貽貝稚貝的致毒機制存在顯著差異。3.Cd和As(V)對紫貽貝成貝毒理效應(yīng)的組學(xué)研究紫貽貝成貝暴露于50μg/L Cd和50μg/L As(V)48小時后發(fā)現(xiàn),Cd和As(V)暴露對紫貽貝成貝的致毒機制存在差異。重金屬含量測定結(jié)果表明,Cd暴露組成貝組織中Cd富集量為極顯著水平(p0.01),As(V)暴露組成貝組織中As富集量為顯著水平(p0.05)。代謝組學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Cd暴露和As(V)暴露均可誘導(dǎo)成貝組織中與滲透壓調(diào)節(jié)和能量代謝相關(guān)的代謝物發(fā)生顯著變化,但相應(yīng)的脅迫應(yīng)答機制不同。蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)研究結(jié)果表明,Cd暴露導(dǎo)致紫貽貝成貝組織中細(xì)胞骨架的穩(wěn)定性受到干擾,而As(V)暴露影響了成貝組織中基因表達、脂肪代謝和神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)等生物過程,并誘導(dǎo)了DNA損傷。綜上,紫貽貝三個發(fā)育階段(D型幼蟲期、稚貝期和成貝期)經(jīng)重金屬Cd和As脅迫后均出現(xiàn)不同代謝物和蛋白質(zhì)的顯著變化,這些代謝物和蛋白質(zhì)分別對應(yīng)不同的生物過程。其中,D型幼蟲對Cd和As暴露反應(yīng)最為敏感,發(fā)生顯著變化的代謝物和蛋白質(zhì)數(shù)量最多,涉及到的生物過程最為廣泛,并且D型幼蟲在分子水平對Cd脅迫存在劑量-效應(yīng)關(guān)系;其次,稚貝對Cd和As暴露反應(yīng)敏感度降低,出現(xiàn)顯著變化的代謝物和蛋白質(zhì)數(shù)量減少,但仍有多個生物學(xué)過程受到干擾,并影響了稚貝生長;最后,紫貽貝成貝對Cd和As暴露的耐受度最高,受到影響的生物過程最少。組學(xué)研究結(jié)果證明,隨著紫貽貝生長期的延續(xù),紫貽貝體內(nèi)器官逐步成熟,其應(yīng)對Cd和As脅迫的能力有所增強。
[Abstract]:The pollution of heavy metals in the Bohai Sea has become more and more serious in recent years. Based on the present situation of heavy metal pollution in the Bohai Sea, the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) on Mytilus galloprovincialis at different developmental stages were studied by using metabolomics and proteomics techniques and combining with traditional toxicological methods. The aim of this study was to explore the differences of Cd and AS stress mechanisms at different developmental stages and to screen metabolites and proteins as biomarkers for monitoring and evaluating marine environment. The results were as follows: 1. The toxicological effects of Cd (5 ug/L and 50 ug/L) and As (V) (5 ug/L and 50 ug/L) on D-type larvae of mussels were studied by histological method. There was no teratogenic effect on D-type larvae of mussels exposed to Cd (5 ug/L and 50 ug/L) at different concentrations for 48 hours. There is a dose-response relationship. Metabonomic studies based on NMR showed that both Cd and As (V) exposure affected the energy metabolism, fat metabolism and osmotic pressure regulation of D-type larvae. Proteomic studies based on two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry showed that the D-type larvae of P. edulis exposed to 5 and 50 ug/L Cd were affected. Proteins related to cytoskeleton, energy metabolism, gene expression and immune regulation in larval tissues of D-type larvae were significantly changed. Exposure to 5 ug/L Cd induced significant changes in proteins related to apoptosis, oxidative stress and protein folding in larval tissues of D-type larvae. Exposure to 50 ug/L Cd induced detoxification in larval tissues of D-type larvae. Proteins associated with protein metabolism were significantly altered. Exposure to 5 ug/L As (V) interfered with protein metabolism and other biological processes of D-type larvae. Exposure to 50 ug/L As (V) affected detoxification and immune regulation of D-type larvae. 2. Histological studies on toxicological effects of Cd and As (V) on mussel larvae after exposure to 50 ug/L Cd and 50 ug/L After 48 hours of exposure to As (V), the results of heavy metal determination showed that Cd enrichment was extremely significant in Cd exposed group (p0.01), but not in As (V) exposed group. The results of proteomics showed that Cd exposure interfered with cytoskeleton, immune regulation and signal transduction, while As (V) exposure affected energy metabolism, cell apoptosis, gene expression and oxidative stress reaction of juvenile shellfish. The results showed that the toxic mechanism of Cd and AS (V) exposure to mussel juveniles was significantly different. 3. Histological study on toxicological effects of Cd and AS (V) on mussel adults. The toxicity mechanism of Cd and As (V) to adult mussels was different after exposure to 50 ug/L Cd and 50 ug/L As (V) for 48 hours. It was found that both Cd exposure and AS (V) exposure could induce significant changes in osmotic pressure regulation and energy metabolism-related metabolites in adult mussel tissues, but the corresponding stress-response mechanisms were different. Proteomic studies showed that Cd exposure caused disturbance of cytoskeleton stability in adult mussel tissues, whereas as As (V) exposure caused disturbance of cytoskeleton stability. In summary, three developmental stages (D-type larval stage, juvenile stage and adult stage) of mussel (Mytilus edulis) exhibited significant changes in metabolites and proteins after Cd and AS stress, which corresponded to different metabolites and proteins respectively. Among them, D-type larvae were the most sensitive to the exposure of Cd and AS, and the number of metabolites and proteins with significant changes was the largest, involving the most extensive biological processes, and D-type larvae had a dose-response relationship to the stress of Cd at the molecular level; secondly, the sensitivity of juvenile shellfish to the exposure of Cd and AS decreased, showing significant changes. The number of metabolites and proteins decreased, but many biological processes were interfered with and affected the growth of young mussels. Finally, the tolerance of adult mussels to Cd and AS was the highest, and the biological processes were the least affected. And the ability of As stress increased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院煙臺海岸帶研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X171.5
[Abstract]:The pollution of heavy metals in the Bohai Sea has become more and more serious in recent years. Based on the present situation of heavy metal pollution in the Bohai Sea, the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) on Mytilus galloprovincialis at different developmental stages were studied by using metabolomics and proteomics techniques and combining with traditional toxicological methods. The aim of this study was to explore the differences of Cd and AS stress mechanisms at different developmental stages and to screen metabolites and proteins as biomarkers for monitoring and evaluating marine environment. The results were as follows: 1. The toxicological effects of Cd (5 ug/L and 50 ug/L) and As (V) (5 ug/L and 50 ug/L) on D-type larvae of mussels were studied by histological method. There was no teratogenic effect on D-type larvae of mussels exposed to Cd (5 ug/L and 50 ug/L) at different concentrations for 48 hours. There is a dose-response relationship. Metabonomic studies based on NMR showed that both Cd and As (V) exposure affected the energy metabolism, fat metabolism and osmotic pressure regulation of D-type larvae. Proteomic studies based on two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry showed that the D-type larvae of P. edulis exposed to 5 and 50 ug/L Cd were affected. Proteins related to cytoskeleton, energy metabolism, gene expression and immune regulation in larval tissues of D-type larvae were significantly changed. Exposure to 5 ug/L Cd induced significant changes in proteins related to apoptosis, oxidative stress and protein folding in larval tissues of D-type larvae. Exposure to 50 ug/L Cd induced detoxification in larval tissues of D-type larvae. Proteins associated with protein metabolism were significantly altered. Exposure to 5 ug/L As (V) interfered with protein metabolism and other biological processes of D-type larvae. Exposure to 50 ug/L As (V) affected detoxification and immune regulation of D-type larvae. 2. Histological studies on toxicological effects of Cd and As (V) on mussel larvae after exposure to 50 ug/L Cd and 50 ug/L After 48 hours of exposure to As (V), the results of heavy metal determination showed that Cd enrichment was extremely significant in Cd exposed group (p0.01), but not in As (V) exposed group. The results of proteomics showed that Cd exposure interfered with cytoskeleton, immune regulation and signal transduction, while As (V) exposure affected energy metabolism, cell apoptosis, gene expression and oxidative stress reaction of juvenile shellfish. The results showed that the toxic mechanism of Cd and AS (V) exposure to mussel juveniles was significantly different. 3. Histological study on toxicological effects of Cd and AS (V) on mussel adults. The toxicity mechanism of Cd and As (V) to adult mussels was different after exposure to 50 ug/L Cd and 50 ug/L As (V) for 48 hours. It was found that both Cd exposure and AS (V) exposure could induce significant changes in osmotic pressure regulation and energy metabolism-related metabolites in adult mussel tissues, but the corresponding stress-response mechanisms were different. Proteomic studies showed that Cd exposure caused disturbance of cytoskeleton stability in adult mussel tissues, whereas as As (V) exposure caused disturbance of cytoskeleton stability. In summary, three developmental stages (D-type larval stage, juvenile stage and adult stage) of mussel (Mytilus edulis) exhibited significant changes in metabolites and proteins after Cd and AS stress, which corresponded to different metabolites and proteins respectively. Among them, D-type larvae were the most sensitive to the exposure of Cd and AS, and the number of metabolites and proteins with significant changes was the largest, involving the most extensive biological processes, and D-type larvae had a dose-response relationship to the stress of Cd at the molecular level; secondly, the sensitivity of juvenile shellfish to the exposure of Cd and AS decreased, showing significant changes. The number of metabolites and proteins decreased, but many biological processes were interfered with and affected the growth of young mussels. Finally, the tolerance of adult mussels to Cd and AS was the highest, and the biological processes were the least affected. And the ability of As stress increased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院煙臺海岸帶研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X171.5
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