物理預(yù)處理對(duì)小麥蛋白糖基化改性的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-04-13 11:43
【摘要】:小麥面筋蛋白是小麥淀粉生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的重要副產(chǎn)物,是一種氨基酸含量豐富、營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值高的優(yōu)質(zhì)植物蛋白。但是小麥面筋蛋白在水中的溶解性差,限制了其在食品工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用。蛋白質(zhì)糖基化是一種化學(xué)改性方式,具有反應(yīng)條件簡(jiǎn)單,反應(yīng)成本低,安全性高等優(yōu)勢(shì)。本論文以小麥面筋蛋白和葡萄糖為原料,利用超聲波、微波、超高壓等手段促進(jìn)小麥面筋蛋白糖基化反應(yīng),對(duì)其反應(yīng)的工藝條件、機(jī)理、糖基化產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能特性等方面進(jìn)行了研究,為小麥面筋蛋白的高值利用提供理論依據(jù)。首先,研究了小麥面筋蛋白濕熱糖基化反應(yīng)的工藝條件。以接枝度為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),利用單因素試驗(yàn)和響應(yīng)面分析,研究反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間、體系pH值、蛋白與糖的添加比例等對(duì)糖基化反應(yīng)的影響,并優(yōu)化反應(yīng)條件。結(jié)果表明,反應(yīng)溫度為80℃、反應(yīng)時(shí)間為60 min、反應(yīng)體系pH為10、小麥面筋蛋白和葡萄糖的添加比例為1:1,在此條件下,小麥面筋蛋白糖基化接枝度達(dá)15.47%。超聲波可以促進(jìn)小麥面筋蛋白-葡萄糖糖基化反應(yīng)進(jìn)程。研究表明:接枝度和中間產(chǎn)物(A294)含量隨著超聲時(shí)間(40 kHz,300 W)的延長(zhǎng)先增大后減小,且均在超聲時(shí)間為40 min時(shí)取得最大值,為29.83%和0.328,褐變程度隨著超聲時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而不斷增加。通過(guò)對(duì)超聲波-糖基化復(fù)合改性小麥面筋蛋白功能特性的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):產(chǎn)物在不同pH條件下的溶解度較對(duì)照組顯著提高,在超聲時(shí)間為40 min時(shí),溶解性最好,糖基化改性后的小麥面筋蛋白的等電點(diǎn)向酸性方向發(fā)生了偏移;乳化活性和乳化穩(wěn)定性也達(dá)到最大,分別為56.82 m2g-1和36.27 min。小麥面筋蛋白糖基化產(chǎn)物的抗氧化性隨著超聲處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而不斷增加。超聲波-糖基化復(fù)合改性小麥面筋蛋白后,其結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生顯著變化,超聲波可以提高小麥面筋蛋白的表面疏水性,改變了小麥面筋蛋白的空間結(jié)構(gòu),促進(jìn)糖基化反應(yīng)的發(fā)生;通過(guò)紅外光譜可知,α-螺旋含量減少,β-折疊含量增多,且小麥面筋蛋白以共價(jià)鍵的結(jié)合形式引入了糖分子;SDS-PAGE電泳顯示,小麥面筋蛋白經(jīng)過(guò)超聲波-糖基化改性后生成了大分子物質(zhì),且PAS染色顯示出紅色糖基譜帶,證明小麥面筋蛋白與葡萄糖發(fā)生了共價(jià)交聯(lián)反應(yīng)。微波可以顯著促進(jìn)小麥面筋蛋白-葡萄糖糖基化反應(yīng)。研究表明:隨著微波功率從0 W增大到700 W,接枝度和中間產(chǎn)物含量(A294)呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的趨勢(shì),在微波功率為350 W時(shí)取得最大值,為23.75%和0.702,褐變程度隨著微波功率的增大而不斷增大。通過(guò)對(duì)微波-糖基化復(fù)合改性小麥面筋蛋白功能特性的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):產(chǎn)物在不同pH條件下的溶解度較對(duì)照組顯著提高,在微波功率為350 W時(shí),溶解性最佳,糖基化改性后的小麥面筋蛋白的等電點(diǎn)發(fā)生了酸移;乳化活性和乳化穩(wěn)定性在微波功率為350 W時(shí)也達(dá)到最大,分別為41.65 m2g-1和11.99 min;產(chǎn)物的抗氧化性隨著微波功率的增加而不斷增加。通過(guò)分析結(jié)構(gòu)變化發(fā)現(xiàn):適當(dāng)?shù)奈⒉ㄌ幚硐魅跣←溍娼畹鞍追肿娱g或分子內(nèi)的非共價(jià)作用,破壞二硫鍵,使得小麥面筋蛋白的結(jié)構(gòu)變得松散,提高小麥面筋蛋白表面疏水性,促進(jìn)了糖基化反應(yīng)的發(fā)生;SDS-PAGE電泳顯示小麥面筋蛋白經(jīng)過(guò)微波-糖基化改性后生成了大分子物質(zhì),經(jīng)過(guò)PAS染色后出現(xiàn)紅色糖基譜帶,在350 W時(shí)譜帶顏色最深,證明有糖蛋白的生成。超高壓能夠提高小麥面筋蛋白糖基化反應(yīng)的程度。研究表明:接枝度和中間產(chǎn)物含量(A294)隨著壓力的增大而呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的趨勢(shì),且均在壓力為300 MPa時(shí)取得最大值,為27.44%和0.313,褐變程度隨著壓力的增大而不斷增大。通過(guò)對(duì)產(chǎn)物功能特性的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):產(chǎn)物在不同pH條件下的溶解度較對(duì)照組顯著提高,在壓力為300 MPa時(shí),溶解性最好,糖基化改性后小麥面筋蛋白的等電點(diǎn)發(fā)生了酸移;乳化活性和乳化穩(wěn)定性在壓力為300 MPa時(shí)達(dá)到最大,較未處理的小麥面筋蛋白的乳化活性和乳化穩(wěn)定性分別提高4倍和3倍左右;產(chǎn)物的還原力和清除DPPH自由基能力呈現(xiàn)不斷增大的趨勢(shì)。通過(guò)分析結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn):適當(dāng)?shù)某邏禾幚砜梢云茐牡鞍踪|(zhì)分子間的非共價(jià)鍵作用,使小麥面筋蛋白分子結(jié)構(gòu)伸展,內(nèi)部的疏水基團(tuán)暴露,疏水性增強(qiáng)。SDS-PAGE電泳顯示小麥面筋蛋白經(jīng)過(guò)超高壓-糖基化改性后生成了大分子物質(zhì),經(jīng)過(guò)PAS染色后有紅色糖基譜帶出現(xiàn),在超高壓壓力為300 MPa時(shí)條帶顏色最深,說(shuō)明小麥面筋蛋白與葡萄糖發(fā)生了共價(jià)交聯(lián)反應(yīng),生成了糖蛋白。
[Abstract]:The wheat gluten protein is an important by-product in the process of wheat starch production, and is a high-quality vegetable protein with rich amino acid content and high nutritive value. But the solubility of the wheat gluten protein in water is poor, and the application of the wheat gluten protein in the food industry is limited. Glycosylation is a chemical modification method, which has the advantages of simple reaction condition, low reaction cost, high safety and the like. In this paper, wheat gluten protein and glucose are used as raw materials, and the glycosylation reaction of wheat gluten protein is promoted by means of ultrasonic wave, microwave, ultra-high pressure and the like, and the reaction conditions, mechanism, structure and functional characteristics of the glycosylation product are studied. And provides a theoretical basis for high-value utilization of the wheat gluten protein. First, the process conditions of wet-heat glycosylation of wheat gluten protein were studied. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, pH value of the system, the ratio of protein to sugar, and the like on the glycosylation reaction were studied with the degree of grafting as the evaluation index, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The results showed that the reaction temperature was 80 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2457521
[Abstract]:The wheat gluten protein is an important by-product in the process of wheat starch production, and is a high-quality vegetable protein with rich amino acid content and high nutritive value. But the solubility of the wheat gluten protein in water is poor, and the application of the wheat gluten protein in the food industry is limited. Glycosylation is a chemical modification method, which has the advantages of simple reaction condition, low reaction cost, high safety and the like. In this paper, wheat gluten protein and glucose are used as raw materials, and the glycosylation reaction of wheat gluten protein is promoted by means of ultrasonic wave, microwave, ultra-high pressure and the like, and the reaction conditions, mechanism, structure and functional characteristics of the glycosylation product are studied. And provides a theoretical basis for high-value utilization of the wheat gluten protein. First, the process conditions of wet-heat glycosylation of wheat gluten protein were studied. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, pH value of the system, the ratio of protein to sugar, and the like on the glycosylation reaction were studied with the degree of grafting as the evaluation index, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The results showed that the reaction temperature was 80 鈩,
本文編號(hào):2457521
本文鏈接:http://www.lk138.cn/shoufeilunwen/boshibiyelunwen/2457521.html
最近更新
教材專著