為去除重金屬離子篩選和馴化微藻的試驗研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-13 13:48
【摘要】：目前,水體重金屬污染已成為一個世界性的環(huán)境問題,引起了全社會的共同關(guān)注。傳統(tǒng)的重金屬處理方法在回收重金屬方面尚存在較大的困難且容易產(chǎn)生二次污染,而新的重金屬處理方法技術(shù)操作水平較高如納米技術(shù)、光催化技術(shù)。近十幾年來,在廢水處理領(lǐng)域,研究人員利用非活性藻(藻粉)吸附處理重金屬進行了大量研究,但利用活性藻類吸附處理重金屬的研究鮮有報道。本研究選用斜生柵藻(Scenedesmus Obliquus)、萊茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii)、微綠球藻(Nannochloropsis Oculataa)、普通小球藻(Chlorella Vulgaris)、蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella Pyrenoidosa)、FACHB-2(Chlorella Protothecoides)、小球藻 F5(Chlorella)、小球藻(Chlorella sp.)、杜氏鹽藻(Dunaliella Salina)用于去除重金屬離子微藻的篩選和馴化的試驗研究,最后研究和分析了馴化前/后重金屬砷離子對藻類油脂含量的影響。目前,關(guān)于這9種微藻的研究較多并且原料豐富,具有很高的商業(yè)價值。主要研究成果如下:(1)在藻類的篩選試驗中,通過對藻類的生長情況、葉綠素a含量以及重金屬去除率的結(jié)果進行分析,得出重金屬砷離子對不同的微藻產(chǎn)生不同程度的抑制作用。低濃度的重金屬砷離子對斜生柵藻、小球藻的葉綠素a的合成有促進作用,而較高濃度的砷離子會抑制葉綠素a的合成,其余幾種藻葉綠素a含量隨著砷離子濃度的增加而下降。9種藻類在不同的重金屬砷離子濃度中,其吸附效率規(guī)律也不盡相同。普通小球藻、FACHB-2、蛋白核小球藻、微綠球藻、小球藻F5、鹽藻、萊茵衣藻,隨著砷離子濃度的的增加,藻類對砷離子的去除率R下降:而小球藻及斜生柵藻對砷離了去除率R隨著砷離子濃度的增加先上升后下降。(2)藻類的馴化試驗分為兩個階段,分別為砷離子濃度為1mg/L時的低濃度馴化階段和砷離了濃度為2mg/L時的高濃度馴化階段。經(jīng)過馴化,提高了藻類本身對重金屬的耐受性使得重金屬對自身的危害降到最低,進而達到積累重金屬的作用。從對比試驗1可知,經(jīng)過馴化的微藻比未馴化的微藻吸附重金屬的能力普遍提高了 50%左右。從對比試驗2可知,經(jīng)過馴化的微藻比未馴化的微藻吸附重金屬的能力提高了 70%左右。(3)5種微藻油脂含量不同,其中小球藻F5油脂含量最高。重金屬砷離子對藻類的油脂的積累產(chǎn)生不同的影響,小球藻、斜生柵藻、普通小球藻,其體內(nèi)油脂積累量隨著重金屬濃度的增加而增加,但是增加的幅度有所不同。小球藻F5、微綠球藻其體內(nèi)油脂積累量隨著重金屬濃度的增加而減小。馴化后小球藻、小球藻F5、微綠球藻、普通小球藻馴化后體內(nèi)油脂的含量低于馴化前的藻種,其生物體內(nèi)的油脂積累與其生長曲線也呈現(xiàn)明顯的相反趨勢。而斜生柵藻馴化后不僅耐受性得到提高,其體內(nèi)積累的油脂含量也增加。綜上所述,不同的微藻對重金屬砷離子具有不同的耐受性及吸附能力。通過馴化試驗,藻類對重金屬的耐受性及去除率均有不同程度的提高。馴化后的微藻體內(nèi)的油脂含量與未馴化的微藻體內(nèi)油脂含量存在差別,其中斜生柵藻的油脂含量達到了空白對照組的水平,因此馴化不僅可以提高斜生柵藻對重金屬的耐受性和吸附能力,還可以提高其體內(nèi)油脂的積累,為新型生物柴油油脂提供原料�？偟膩碚f,本試驗為后續(xù)重金屬廢水的治理研究提供了科學基礎(chǔ)及可行的技術(shù)手段。利用藻類處理水環(huán)境中的重金屬污染,具有非常廣闊的發(fā)展前景。
[Abstract]:At present, the heavy metal pollution of the water body has become a worldwide environmental problem, which causes the common concern of the whole society. The traditional heavy metal treatment method still has great difficulty in the recovery of heavy metal and is easy to produce secondary pollution, and the new heavy metal treatment method has high technical operation level such as nano technology and photocatalysis technology. In recent ten years, in the field of wastewater treatment, researchers have studied the heavy metals by using non-active algae (algae powder). This study was selected from the group consisting of Scenedesmus Obliqueus, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Nannachloropsis Oulataa, Chlorella Vulgaris, Chlorella Pyrenoidosa, FACHB-2 (Chlorella Protocols), Chlorella sp. F5 (Chlorolla), and Chlorella sp. In this paper, Dunaliella Salina (Dunaliella Salina) was used to study the screening and acclimatization of the micro-algae of heavy metal ions. At present, there are many studies on these 9 kinds of microalga, and the raw materials are rich and have high commercial value. The main research results are as follows: (1) In the algae screening test, the results of the growth of the algae, the content of chlorophyll a and the removal rate of heavy metals are analyzed, and the effect of the heavy metal arsenic ion on the different micro-algae is obtained. the low concentration of the heavy metal arsenic ions can promote the synthesis of the chlorophyll a of the slant-growing grid algae and the chlorella, and the higher concentration of the arsenic ions can inhibit the synthesis of the chlorophyll a, The chlorophyll a content of the remaining algae decreased with the increase of the concentration of arsenic ions. The adsorption efficiency of the nine species of algae was different in different concentrations of heavy metal and arsenic ions. Chlorella, FACHB-2, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Micrococcus pluvialis, Chlorella F5, Dunaliella, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, with the increase of the concentration of arsenic ions, the removal rate of the arsenic ions decreases by the algae: The removal rate of the arsenic from the chlorella and the slant-green algae decreased with the increase of the concentration of the arsenic ions. (2) The acclimatization test of the algae is divided into two stages: the low-concentration acclimation stage and the high-concentration acclimatization phase when the concentration of the arsenic ions is 1 mg/ L and the concentration of arsenic at the concentration of 2mg/ L. Through the domestication, the tolerance of the algae itself to the heavy metal is improved, so that the harm of the heavy metal to the heavy metal is reduced to the lowest, and the heavy metal can be accumulated. As can be seen from the comparative experiment 1, the ability of the acclimated microalga to adsorb the heavy metal by the unacclimated microalga is generally improved by about 50%. It can be seen from the comparative experiment 2 that the ability of the acclimated microalga to adsorb the heavy metal by the unacclimated microalga is improved by about 70%. (3) The content of the five microalga oils was different, and the content of the oil and fat of the chlorella was the highest. The heavy metal arsenic ion has different effects on the accumulation of the oil and fat of the algae, and the amount of the oil in the body is increased with the increase of the heavy metal concentration, but the increase is different. The accumulation of oil and fat in Chlorella F5 and Micrococcus pluvialis decreases with the increase of heavy metal concentration. After the domestication, the content of oil in the body of Chlorella, Chlorella F5, Micrococcus pluvialis and Chlorella vulgaris is lower than that of the pre-acclimated algae species, and the accumulation of oil and fat in the living body and its growth curve also show the opposite tendency. and the content of the oil accumulated in the body is also increased. In conclusion, different micro-algae have different resistance and adsorption capacity to heavy metal arsenic ions. The tolerance and removal rate of the heavy metals were improved by the acclimatization test. the oil content of the domesticated micro-algae is different from that of the unacclimated micro-algae, and the oil content of the oblique-raw-grid algae reaches the level of the blank control group, so that the acclimatization not only can improve the tolerance and the adsorption capacity of the oblique-growing grid algae to the heavy metal, can also improve the accumulation of the oil in the body and provide the raw material for the novel biological diesel oil and fat. In general, this test provides a scientific basis and a feasible technical means for the study of the subsequent heavy metal wastewater treatment. The method has a very wide development prospect by using algae to treat heavy metal pollution in the water environment.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703;X173
[Abstract]:At present, the heavy metal pollution of the water body has become a worldwide environmental problem, which causes the common concern of the whole society. The traditional heavy metal treatment method still has great difficulty in the recovery of heavy metal and is easy to produce secondary pollution, and the new heavy metal treatment method has high technical operation level such as nano technology and photocatalysis technology. In recent ten years, in the field of wastewater treatment, researchers have studied the heavy metals by using non-active algae (algae powder). This study was selected from the group consisting of Scenedesmus Obliqueus, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Nannachloropsis Oulataa, Chlorella Vulgaris, Chlorella Pyrenoidosa, FACHB-2 (Chlorella Protocols), Chlorella sp. F5 (Chlorolla), and Chlorella sp. In this paper, Dunaliella Salina (Dunaliella Salina) was used to study the screening and acclimatization of the micro-algae of heavy metal ions. At present, there are many studies on these 9 kinds of microalga, and the raw materials are rich and have high commercial value. The main research results are as follows: (1) In the algae screening test, the results of the growth of the algae, the content of chlorophyll a and the removal rate of heavy metals are analyzed, and the effect of the heavy metal arsenic ion on the different micro-algae is obtained. the low concentration of the heavy metal arsenic ions can promote the synthesis of the chlorophyll a of the slant-growing grid algae and the chlorella, and the higher concentration of the arsenic ions can inhibit the synthesis of the chlorophyll a, The chlorophyll a content of the remaining algae decreased with the increase of the concentration of arsenic ions. The adsorption efficiency of the nine species of algae was different in different concentrations of heavy metal and arsenic ions. Chlorella, FACHB-2, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Micrococcus pluvialis, Chlorella F5, Dunaliella, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, with the increase of the concentration of arsenic ions, the removal rate of the arsenic ions decreases by the algae: The removal rate of the arsenic from the chlorella and the slant-green algae decreased with the increase of the concentration of the arsenic ions. (2) The acclimatization test of the algae is divided into two stages: the low-concentration acclimation stage and the high-concentration acclimatization phase when the concentration of the arsenic ions is 1 mg/ L and the concentration of arsenic at the concentration of 2mg/ L. Through the domestication, the tolerance of the algae itself to the heavy metal is improved, so that the harm of the heavy metal to the heavy metal is reduced to the lowest, and the heavy metal can be accumulated. As can be seen from the comparative experiment 1, the ability of the acclimated microalga to adsorb the heavy metal by the unacclimated microalga is generally improved by about 50%. It can be seen from the comparative experiment 2 that the ability of the acclimated microalga to adsorb the heavy metal by the unacclimated microalga is improved by about 70%. (3) The content of the five microalga oils was different, and the content of the oil and fat of the chlorella was the highest. The heavy metal arsenic ion has different effects on the accumulation of the oil and fat of the algae, and the amount of the oil in the body is increased with the increase of the heavy metal concentration, but the increase is different. The accumulation of oil and fat in Chlorella F5 and Micrococcus pluvialis decreases with the increase of heavy metal concentration. After the domestication, the content of oil in the body of Chlorella, Chlorella F5, Micrococcus pluvialis and Chlorella vulgaris is lower than that of the pre-acclimated algae species, and the accumulation of oil and fat in the living body and its growth curve also show the opposite tendency. and the content of the oil accumulated in the body is also increased. In conclusion, different micro-algae have different resistance and adsorption capacity to heavy metal arsenic ions. The tolerance and removal rate of the heavy metals were improved by the acclimatization test. the oil content of the domesticated micro-algae is different from that of the unacclimated micro-algae, and the oil content of the oblique-raw-grid algae reaches the level of the blank control group, so that the acclimatization not only can improve the tolerance and the adsorption capacity of the oblique-growing grid algae to the heavy metal, can also improve the accumulation of the oil in the body and provide the raw material for the novel biological diesel oil and fat. In general, this test provides a scientific basis and a feasible technical means for the study of the subsequent heavy metal wastewater treatment. The method has a very wide development prospect by using algae to treat heavy metal pollution in the water environment.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703;X173
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