【摘要】：淺層排水系統(tǒng)是一種快速排出農(nóng)田積水的有效設(shè)施,但其同時(shí)也改變了水分及面源污染物如氮磷在農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)遷移的速度和途徑.為了對(duì)淺層排水農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)中的氮磷垂直遷移過(guò)程有全面了解,利用有限元分析技術(shù)對(duì)已監(jiān)測(cè)的淺層排水系統(tǒng)單元土壤柱進(jìn)行數(shù)值仿真.結(jié)果表明,在5 h 4 mm/h降雨結(jié)束后,降雨量沒(méi)有達(dá)到使地表到排水管道之間土壤層完全飽和,從而使隨之溶解的氮磷污染物不足以滲透到排水管,導(dǎo)致沒(méi)有氮磷的流失.降雨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)至10 h后,降雨量使土壤層達(dá)到飽和,從而使溶解的污染物產(chǎn)生流失,其中硝酸鹽的流失量明顯大于磷酸鹽,硝酸鹽流失量為9~10 mg/L,磷酸鹽流失量為0.05~0.1 mg/L.在24 h降雨事件后,排水管中硝酸鹽質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)最大值.在降雨時(shí)間不斷增加的過(guò)程中,硝酸鹽流失呈指數(shù)增長(zhǎng),而磷酸鹽只是線性增長(zhǎng),形成該現(xiàn)象的原因與污染物的本身性質(zhì)有關(guān).
[Abstract]:Shallow drainage system is an effective facility for rapid discharge of water from farmland, but it also changes the speed and path of water and non-point source pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus migration in farmland system. In order to understand the vertical transport process of nitrogen and phosphorus in shallow drainage farmland system, the finite element analysis technique was used to simulate the soil column of shallow drainage system unit. The results showed that after 5 h and 4 mm/h of rainfall, the rainfall did not reach the saturation of soil layer between the surface and the drainage pipe, so that the dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants were not enough to penetrate into the drainage pipe, resulting in the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus. When the rainfall time was extended to 10 hours, the soil layer was saturated by rainfall, resulting in the loss of dissolved pollutants, in which the loss of nitrate was obviously greater than that of phosphate, and the loss of nitrate was 9 ~ 10 mg/L,. Phosphate loss of 0. 05 ~ 0. 1 mg/L. After 24 h rainfall, the nitrate content in the drainage pipe reached the maximum. In the process of increasing rainfall time, nitrate loss increases exponentially, while phosphate increases linearly. The reason for this phenomenon is related to the nature of pollutants.
【作者單位】： 城市水資源與水環(huán)境國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué));伊利諾伊大學(xué)香檳分校農(nóng)業(yè)與生物技術(shù)工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(51179041) 水體污染控制與治理科技重大專項(xiàng)(2013ZX07201007) 城市水資源與水環(huán)境國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室自主課題(2014TS05)
【分類號(hào)】：X52

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