【摘要】：感恩是人類重要的積極情感,是人適應(yīng)社會(huì)的重要功能,作為社會(huì)最頻繁受助群體之一的孤兒,其感恩水平的高期待值與現(xiàn)實(shí)是否相符、其感恩水平與普通兒童是否存在差異是孤兒福利機(jī)構(gòu)與社會(huì)共同關(guān)注的問題。傳統(tǒng)的感恩研究大多關(guān)注個(gè)體外顯層面的認(rèn)知過程,然而隨著外顯感恩弊端的凸顯,對(duì)個(gè)體內(nèi)隱感恩的探究尤為必要。本研究的目的就是從內(nèi)隱認(rèn)知和外顯認(rèn)知兩方面入手,研究孤兒兩種感恩的相關(guān)程度并比較孤兒與非孤兒的感恩差異。本研究采用問卷調(diào)查法與實(shí)驗(yàn)法,選取了115名孤兒和普通學(xué)齡兒童為被試,進(jìn)行了以下研究:(1)用不同測(cè)量工具:感恩內(nèi)隱聯(lián)想測(cè)驗(yàn)(IAT)和修訂的《青少年感恩量表》(AGS)分別測(cè)量孤兒的內(nèi)隱感恩和外顯感恩,并比較兩種感恩的相關(guān)程度;(2)測(cè)量非孤兒的兩種感恩水平,并與孤兒進(jìn)行比較。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)孤兒外顯感恩的總體水平較高,感恩程度從高到低依次為對(duì)他人的感恩,對(duì)社會(huì)的感恩,對(duì)自然的感恩。不同性別的孤兒外顯感恩水平不存在顯著差異,但是在對(duì)他人的感恩分量表上,男女學(xué)生存在顯著差異。不同年級(jí)的孤兒在外顯總感恩水平上存在顯著差異。(2)孤兒的內(nèi)隱感恩效應(yīng)顯著,內(nèi)隱感恩在性別上不存在顯著差異,但在年級(jí)上差異顯著,八年級(jí)學(xué)生顯著低于七年級(jí)和九年級(jí)。(3)孤兒的內(nèi)隱感恩和外顯感恩相關(guān)不顯著,屬于不同的建構(gòu)。(4)孤兒與非孤兒在外顯感恩測(cè)量中差異不顯著。孤兒與非孤兒在內(nèi)隱感恩測(cè)量中差異顯著,孤兒的內(nèi)隱感恩水平顯著低于非孤兒。
[Abstract]:Gratitude is an important positive emotion of human beings and an important function for people to adapt to society. As one of the most frequently assisted groups in society, the high expectation value of gratitude level is consistent with reality. Whether there is a difference between the level of gratitude and that of ordinary children is a common concern of Orphan Welfare institutions and society. Traditional researches on gratitude mostly focus on the cognitive process of individual explicit level. However, with the obvious disadvantages of explicit gratitude, it is particularly necessary to explore the implicit gratitude of individuals. The purpose of this study is to study the correlation between the two kinds of gratitude from implicit cognition and explicit cognition and to compare the difference of gratitude between orphans and non-orphans. In this study, 115 orphans and children of general school age were selected as subjects by questionnaire and experiment. The following studies were carried out: (1) implicit gratitude and explicit gratitude were measured with different measurement tools: (IAT) and (AGS), respectively. The correlation between the two kinds of gratitude was compared. (2) the levels of two kinds of gratitude were measured and compared with those of the orphans. The results show that: (1) the overall level of explicit gratitude for orphans is higher, the degree of gratitude from high to low is the gratitude to others, the gratitude to society, and the gratitude to nature. There was no significant difference in explicit gratitude level among different genders, but there were significant differences between male and female students in the gratitude component table. There were significant differences in the total level of explicit gratitude among orphans in different grades. (2) the implicit Thanksgiving effect of orphans was significant, while implicit gratitude had no significant difference in gender, but there was significant difference in grade. The eighth grade students are significantly lower than the seventh grade and the ninth grade. (3) there is no significant correlation between implicit gratitude and explicit gratitude of orphans. (4) there is no significant difference between orphans and non-orphans in explicit gratitude measurement. There were significant differences in implicit gratitude between orphans and non-orphans, and the implicit gratitude level of orphans was significantly lower than that of non-orphans.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B844

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