優(yōu)秀網(wǎng)球選手注意資源分配方式的ERP研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-16 22:42
【摘要】：在體育運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)域,高水平選手(專家)相較于初學(xué)者(新手)存在知覺技能優(yōu)勢(shì)。這種知覺優(yōu)勢(shì)尤其體現(xiàn)在注意能力上:選擇注意能力、注意維持能力、視覺搜索能力等。個(gè)體的知覺過(guò)程基于有限的信息加工資源之上,注意過(guò)程是對(duì)有限的信息加工資源的分配過(guò)程。但是以往研究,包括行為學(xué)研究、電生理研究(ERP,PET)和腦成像研究(fMRI)都集中探討運(yùn)動(dòng)專家知覺優(yōu)勢(shì)的行為學(xué)和腦機(jī)制證據(jù),并未對(duì)知覺優(yōu)勢(shì)的原因及內(nèi)在機(jī)制進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步探討。因此該研究采用事件相關(guān)電位(ERP)技術(shù),旨在通過(guò)網(wǎng)球?qū)＜覍?duì)網(wǎng)球相關(guān)信息的注意資源分配方式的研究,初步探討運(yùn)動(dòng)專家知覺優(yōu)勢(shì)的原因。該研究包括兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)一選取了30名被試,15名網(wǎng)球?qū)＜?15名網(wǎng)球新手,利用點(diǎn)探測(cè)范式,對(duì)不同情緒啟動(dòng)下的注意偏向特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行反應(yīng)時(shí)研究;實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用了ERP技術(shù),選取了38名被試,19名網(wǎng)球新手,19名網(wǎng)球?qū)＜?利用視覺注意任務(wù),研究網(wǎng)球?qū)＜覍?duì)網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)景的注意資源分配方式,試圖從中樞神經(jīng)上解釋專家的注意優(yōu)勢(shì)。實(shí)驗(yàn)一結(jié)果顯示,網(wǎng)球?qū)＜液托率衷诓煌榫w啟動(dòng)下注意偏向分沒有呈現(xiàn)顯著差異。實(shí)驗(yàn)二結(jié)果顯示,負(fù)性情緒面孔引發(fā)了顯著的LPP(late positive potential)波幅;網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)景圖片只在網(wǎng)球?qū)＜抑幸l(fā)了顯著的LPP波幅。在混合圖片出現(xiàn)時(shí),不同于負(fù)性情緒面孔單圖時(shí)專家新手LPP波幅差異不顯著和網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)景單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí)的極其顯著的LPP波幅差異,混合圖片引發(fā)的LPP波幅的組別以及類型主效應(yīng)均不顯著,交互作用呈現(xiàn)邊緣顯著;進(jìn)一步對(duì)混合圖片下注意競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的波幅分析顯示,專家組在不同場(chǎng)景混合圖片上呈現(xiàn)顯著差異,新手組沒有顯著差異。通過(guò)該研究,可以得出以下結(jié)論:(1)網(wǎng)球?qū)＜以诰W(wǎng)球場(chǎng)景和負(fù)性情緒面孔之間存在注意競(jìng)爭(zhēng),說(shuō)明在存在注意競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的情況下,網(wǎng)球?qū)＜視?huì)對(duì)專業(yè)技能相關(guān)的場(chǎng)景信息有更高的注意水平。(2)運(yùn)動(dòng)專家對(duì)于技能相關(guān)場(chǎng)景信息存在注意偏向,這可能是“專家能夠?qū)?chǎng)景信息有更快或更高水平的加工”這個(gè)現(xiàn)象背后的機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:In sports, high-level players (experts) have an advantage over beginners (novices) in perceptual skills. This perceptual advantage is especially reflected in attention ability: selective attention ability, attention maintenance ability, visual search ability and so on. Individual perception process is based on limited information processing resources, and attention process is the allocation process of limited information processing resources. However, previous studies, including behavioral studies, electrophysiological studies (ERP,PET) and brain imaging studies, have focused on the behavioral and brain mechanism evidence of motor experts' perceptual superiority, and have not further explored the causes and underlying mechanisms of perceptual dominance. The purpose of this study is to explore the reasons of sports experts' perceptual advantage by studying the allocation of attention resources for tennis related information by means of event-related potential (ERP) technology. The study consisted of two separate experiments. Experiment 1 selected 30 subjects, 15 tennis experts, 15 new tennis players, using point detection paradigm to study the characteristics of attention bias under different emotional priming. Experiment 2 used ERP technology. In this paper, 38 subjects, 19 novice tennis players and 19 tennis experts were selected to study the resource allocation of attention to tennis scene by using visual attention task, in order to explain the attention advantage of experts from the central nervous system. The results of experiment 1 showed that there was no significant difference between tennis experts and novices in attention bias scores. The results of experiment 2 showed that negative emotional faces caused significant LPP (late positive potential) amplitude, while tennis scene images only caused significant LPP amplitude among tennis experts. When mixed images appeared, there was no significant difference in LPP amplitudes of novice experts and extremely significant LPP amplitudes when tennis scenes appeared alone. The group and type main effect of LPP amplitudes caused by mixed images were not significant, and the interaction showed significant edge. Further, the amplitude analysis of attention to competition in mixed images showed that the expert group showed significant differences in mixed images of different scenes. There was no significant difference in the novice group. Through this study, we can draw the following conclusions: (1) there is attention competition between tennis scene and negative emotional faces, which indicates that there is attention competition in the presence of attention competition. Tennis experts will have a higher level of attention to the scene information related to professional skills. (2) Sports experts have a bias towards skill-related scene information. This may be the mechanism behind the phenomenon that experts are able to process scene information faster or at a higher level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B848
本文編號(hào)：2275856
[Abstract]:In sports, high-level players (experts) have an advantage over beginners (novices) in perceptual skills. This perceptual advantage is especially reflected in attention ability: selective attention ability, attention maintenance ability, visual search ability and so on. Individual perception process is based on limited information processing resources, and attention process is the allocation process of limited information processing resources. However, previous studies, including behavioral studies, electrophysiological studies (ERP,PET) and brain imaging studies, have focused on the behavioral and brain mechanism evidence of motor experts' perceptual superiority, and have not further explored the causes and underlying mechanisms of perceptual dominance. The purpose of this study is to explore the reasons of sports experts' perceptual advantage by studying the allocation of attention resources for tennis related information by means of event-related potential (ERP) technology. The study consisted of two separate experiments. Experiment 1 selected 30 subjects, 15 tennis experts, 15 new tennis players, using point detection paradigm to study the characteristics of attention bias under different emotional priming. Experiment 2 used ERP technology. In this paper, 38 subjects, 19 novice tennis players and 19 tennis experts were selected to study the resource allocation of attention to tennis scene by using visual attention task, in order to explain the attention advantage of experts from the central nervous system. The results of experiment 1 showed that there was no significant difference between tennis experts and novices in attention bias scores. The results of experiment 2 showed that negative emotional faces caused significant LPP (late positive potential) amplitude, while tennis scene images only caused significant LPP amplitude among tennis experts. When mixed images appeared, there was no significant difference in LPP amplitudes of novice experts and extremely significant LPP amplitudes when tennis scenes appeared alone. The group and type main effect of LPP amplitudes caused by mixed images were not significant, and the interaction showed significant edge. Further, the amplitude analysis of attention to competition in mixed images showed that the expert group showed significant differences in mixed images of different scenes. There was no significant difference in the novice group. Through this study, we can draw the following conclusions: (1) there is attention competition between tennis scene and negative emotional faces, which indicates that there is attention competition in the presence of attention competition. Tennis experts will have a higher level of attention to the scene information related to professional skills. (2) Sports experts have a bias towards skill-related scene information. This may be the mechanism behind the phenomenon that experts are able to process scene information faster or at a higher level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B848
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