本文選題：樂觀特質(zhì) + 腦結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：樂觀特質(zhì)是人類進(jìn)化的產(chǎn)物,這個(gè)具有個(gè)體差異的變量在人類的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中起著重要的作用。樂觀特質(zhì)和積極正性的期待有關(guān),樂觀的個(gè)體傾向于相信好的事情會(huì)發(fā)生在自己的身上或自己的目標(biāo)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。樂觀特質(zhì)和身心健康有著密切的關(guān)系。隨著功能性磁共振(FMRI)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,使得我們可以在更精細(xì)的層面上研究樂觀特質(zhì),在本研究中我們采用的是基于體素的形態(tài)學(xué)(VBM)的分析方法研究樂觀特質(zhì)的個(gè)體差異的腦結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)(本研究主要關(guān)注腦區(qū)的灰質(zhì)的體積)。焦慮是一種普遍存在的情緒體驗(yàn),它指的是當(dāng)個(gè)體面臨一種不明原因的情境時(shí)產(chǎn)生的一種不愉快且不安的負(fù)性情緒。樂觀的個(gè)體對(duì)未來充滿積極的期待,當(dāng)他們遇到困難時(shí)會(huì)以積極的心態(tài)應(yīng)對(duì),因此他們會(huì)體驗(yàn)到較少的焦慮；反之悲觀的個(gè)體對(duì)未來抱有消極的態(tài)度,每當(dāng)遇到困難和挫折時(shí)他們就會(huì)體驗(yàn)更多的焦慮。樂觀特質(zhì)是通過什么機(jī)制來影響著焦慮水平,針對(duì)這一問題也有著很多研究。這些研究主要是集中在行為層面的研究,它們通常關(guān)注于樂觀特質(zhì)是通過什么樣的行為方式(如應(yīng)對(duì)策略、心理防御機(jī)制、心理控制源和社會(huì)支持等)來影響焦慮的。在本研究中我們關(guān)注樂觀特質(zhì)和焦慮之間是否存在著神經(jīng)機(jī)制,即樂觀特質(zhì)是否會(huì)通過某些腦區(qū)的功能來影響焦慮的水平。 研究一中,我們招募374名西南大學(xué)健康的本科生或研究生作為我們的被試,每個(gè)被試完成修訂版的生活取向量表(LOT-R)并參加了腦成像的掃描。生活取向量表是用來測(cè)量個(gè)體的樂觀特質(zhì)水平的,在腦成像的掃描過程中要求被試閉上眼睛休息,但不要睡著,不要想特殊的事情。其中15名被試的數(shù)據(jù)被剔除(頭動(dòng)過大或解剖結(jié)構(gòu)異常,問卷做的不認(rèn)真),最后359名被試的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了最后的分析。本研究中主要是用LOT-R量表得分和腦結(jié)構(gòu)圖像做相關(guān)分析,探討樂觀特質(zhì)的腦結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。研究結(jié)果表明樂觀特質(zhì)的得分和左側(cè)丘腦延伸至海馬旁回這個(gè)腦區(qū)的灰質(zhì)體積成顯著的正相關(guān),即樂觀特質(zhì)水平越高的個(gè)體這個(gè)腦區(qū)的體積就越大。丘腦和情緒的管理有著密切的關(guān)系,樂觀特質(zhì)高的個(gè)體可能有著更好的情緒管理的能力；海馬旁回和情緒性記憶和體驗(yàn)有關(guān),樂觀特質(zhì)高的個(gè)體可能有著更積極的情緒體驗(yàn)。 在研究二中,研究一中的359名被試均參與了實(shí)驗(yàn),每個(gè)被試都完成自評(píng)焦慮量表(SAS)。自評(píng)焦慮量表是一種以自我報(bào)告的方式測(cè)量個(gè)體的最近一周的焦慮水平。在這個(gè)研究中我們主要采用中介分析的方法來探討樂觀特質(zhì)和焦慮的關(guān)系。在本研究中我們把研究一中的結(jié)果腦區(qū)的灰質(zhì)體積作為中介變量,樂觀特質(zhì)的得分作為自變量,焦慮的得分做為因變量。中介分析的結(jié)果表明研究一中的腦區(qū)的體積在樂觀特質(zhì)和焦慮關(guān)系中起著部分中介效應(yīng),即樂觀特質(zhì)是部分通過丘腦延伸至海馬旁回這個(gè)腦區(qū)的體積變化來影響著焦慮水平的。這個(gè)結(jié)果表明樂觀特質(zhì)可能通過丘腦、海馬旁回的功能影響著焦慮的水平的。 本研究應(yīng)用基于體素的形態(tài)學(xué)分析方法探測(cè)樂觀特質(zhì)的腦結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ),結(jié)果表明樂觀特質(zhì)和左側(cè)丘腦延伸至海馬旁回這個(gè)腦區(qū)的灰質(zhì)體積成顯著的正相關(guān)。即樂觀特質(zhì)水平越高的個(gè)體,這個(gè)腦區(qū)的灰質(zhì)體積越大。樂觀特質(zhì)水平高的個(gè)體可能有著更好的情緒管理的能力和更積極的情緒體驗(yàn)。本研究超越了小樣本的限制,應(yīng)用相關(guān)分析,探討了樂觀特質(zhì)個(gè)體差異的腦結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ),為樂觀特質(zhì)的研究提供了生理層面的證據(jù)。本研究還應(yīng)用中介分析的方法探討了樂觀特質(zhì)及其相關(guān)腦結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)焦慮的神經(jīng)機(jī)制,結(jié)果表明樂觀特質(zhì)部分通過左側(cè)丘腦延伸至海馬旁回這個(gè)腦區(qū)的灰質(zhì)體積影響焦慮的水平。樂觀特質(zhì)可能是通過丘腦的情緒管理功能和海馬旁回的情緒體驗(yàn)、情緒性記憶功能影響著個(gè)體焦慮的水平。這個(gè)研究結(jié)果不僅為樂觀特質(zhì)和焦慮關(guān)系的研究提供了神經(jīng)機(jī)制層面的證據(jù),而且對(duì)人格特質(zhì)和情緒情感關(guān)系的研究提供了新的思路。
[Abstract]:Optimism is the product of human evolution. This individual variable plays an important role in human experience. Optimism is related to positive and positive expectations. Optimistic individuals tend to believe that good things happen on themselves or their own goals can be realized. There is a close relationship between optimism and physical and mental health. Relationship. With the development of functional magnetic resonance (FMRI) technology, we can study optimism at a more precise level. In this study, we use a voxel based morphological (VBM) analysis method to study the brain structure basis of individual differences in optimistic traits (this study focuses mainly on the volume of gray matter in the brain region). A universal emotional experience, which refers to an unpleasant and unsettling negative emotion that occurs when an individual faces an unknown situation. An optimistic individual is full of positive expectations for the future, and when they encounter difficulties, they respond positively with a positive attitude, so they experience less anxiety; and vice versa. The body has a negative attitude towards the future. They experience more anxiety whenever they encounter difficulties and setbacks. What is the mechanism that affects the level of anxiety through the mechanism, and there are many studies on this problem. These studies focus on behavioral research, and they usually focus on what the optimistic trait is through. Behavior patterns (such as coping strategies, psychological defense mechanisms, psychological control sources, and social support) affect anxiety. In this study, we focus on whether there is a neural mechanism between optimism and anxiety, that is, whether the optimistic trait will affect the level of anxiety through the function of some brain regions.
In study one, we recruited 374 Southwestern University healthy undergraduates or graduate students as our subjects, each completed the revised version of the life oriented scale (LOT-R) and participated in a brain imaging scan. The life orientation scale was used to measure the level of optimism in the individual, and the subjects were asked to close their eyes during the scan of brain imaging. Rest, but don't fall asleep, don't think of something special. 15 of the subjects were excluded (head oversize or anatomic abnormality, the questionnaire was not serious), and the last 359 subjects were analyzed. This study mainly used the LOT-R scale score and the brain structure image analysis to explore the brain structure of the optimistic trait. The results show that the score of optimism is positively correlated with the volume of gray matter in the brain area of the parahippocampal gyrus, that is, the greater the volume of the brain area, the higher the level of optimism. The management of the thalamus and the mood is closely related, and the individuals with high optimism may have a better emotional tube. Parahippocampal gyrus is associated with emotional memory and experience. Individuals with high optimism may have more positive emotional experiences.
In the second study, 359 subjects in the study were all involved in the experiment. Each of the subjects completed the self rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). The self rating Anxiety Scale was a self-reported measurement of the anxiety level of the individual in the last week. In this study, we mainly used the method of mediating analysis to explore the relationship between optimism and anxiety. In this study, the volume of gray matter in the brain region of the study one is used as an intermediary variable, and the score of the optimistic trait is regarded as an independent variable, and the score of anxiety is used as the dependent variable. The result of the intermediary analysis shows that the volume of the brain area in the first part of the study plays a partial mediator effect in the optimistic trait and the anxiety relationship, that is, the optimistic trait is partly passed through. The changes in the volume of the thalamus extending to the paraphippocampal gyrus affect the level of anxiety. This results suggest that the optimistic trait may pass through the thalamus, and the function of the parahippocampal gyrus affects the level of anxiety.
This study uses a voxel based morphological analysis to detect the structural basis of the brain in an optimistic trait. The results show a significant positive correlation between the optimistic trait and the volume of gray matter in the brain region of the parahippocampal gyrus. That is, the higher the level of optimism, the larger the volume of the gray matter in this brain area. It may have better emotional management ability and more positive emotional experience. This study transcends the limitations of small samples and applies related analysis to explore the basis of the brain structure of individual differences of optimism, and provides physiological evidence for the study of optimism. The results show that the gray matter volume of the optimistic trait partly through the left thalamus to the parahippocampal gyrus affects the level of anxiety. The optimistic trait may be through the emotional management function of the thalamus and the emotional experience of the parahippocampal gyrus, and the emotional memory function affects the level of individual anxiety. The results of the study not only provide neural evidence for the study of the relationship between optimism and anxiety, but also provide new ideas for the study of personality traits and emotional relationships.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B848

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本文編號(hào)：2089439