本文選題：異性交友決策 + 孤獨情緒��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：美妙的愛情對每個人都充滿誘惑力,對大學生尤其如此。健康的浪漫關(guān)系不僅可以提高大學生的幸福感,有益于心理的健康發(fā)展,還可以促進學業(yè)發(fā)展。異性交友決策是建立浪漫關(guān)系的門檻,成功的異性交友決策能夠幫助個體順利獲得浪漫關(guān)系,而不成功的異性交友決策則往往導致關(guān)系痛苦。因此,愛情雖美,但要先過異性交友決策這一關(guān)。孤獨情緒是由于缺乏令人滿意的人際關(guān)系而體驗到的消極情緒。孤獨的關(guān)系理論認為孤獨情緒作為一種消極情緒對個體的身心健康具有嚴重的消極影響,而孤獨的進化理論認為孤獨情緒作為一種缺乏與社會聯(lián)系的信號,能夠提醒個體及時修復社會關(guān)系,因此具有一定的積極作用。那么,孤獨情緒到底是促進異性交友還是阻礙異性交友呢?換言之,孤獨情緒在異性交友決策中的角色,是“因為寂寞而更加沉默”還是“因為寂寞而說愛”?以往并沒有研究對此作出回答。為此,本研究采用異性交友決策情景任務范式,采用2(性別:男與女)×2(孤獨情緒:孤獨與非孤獨)×2(自我狀態(tài):現(xiàn)實自我與理想自我)×2(決策階段:建立關(guān)系階段與維持關(guān)系階段)×2(任務特征:主動性與冒險性)混合實驗設計。正式實驗包括兩個研究:研究一為現(xiàn)實自我條件下,考察孤獨情緒對異性交友決策的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)孤獨情緒主要影響個體的主動性,而對冒險性的影響不顯著;非孤獨組被試比孤獨組被試更加主動;(2)男性比女性更加主動,更冒險;(3)性別和孤獨情緒的交互作用顯著,即非孤獨組被試只有在男性水平上比孤獨組被試更加主動;(4)無論男性個體還是女性個體,在維持關(guān)系階段中的主動性明顯高于在建立關(guān)系階段中的主動性,且女性在主動性上的增幅明顯大于男性;同時,相對于建立關(guān)系階段,男性和女性在維持關(guān)系階段中的冒險性均有明顯的下降,且兩者的降低幅度沒有顯著地差異;間隔兩周后進行研究二,即通過誘發(fā)被試在人際能力方面的理想自我,消除人際效能感在孤獨情緒中的作用,來考察孤獨情緒是否會在異性交友決策中的作用。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)在理想自我條件下,孤獨組被試和非孤獨組被試在主動性和冒險性上均沒有顯著地差異;(2)自我狀態(tài)主要影響異性交友決策的建立關(guān)系階段,而對維持關(guān)系階段的影響不顯著;理想自我條件下比現(xiàn)實自我條件下更加主動、更冒險;(3)個體在主動性上的得分顯著高于在冒險性上的得分;(4)在建立關(guān)系階段中的主動性上,自我狀態(tài)對女性的影響比對男性的影響更大。根據(jù)兩個研究的結(jié)果,得出以下結(jié)論:(1)在異性交友決策中,男性比女性更加主動、更冒險;(2)孤獨情緒主要通過損害男性個體的主動性來阻礙異性交友決策;(3)自我狀態(tài)不能有效調(diào)節(jié)孤獨情緒對異性交友決策的影響;(4)異性交友決策涉及不同的決策階段,在不同階段上的決策涉及不同的心理過程。
[Abstract]:Wonderful love is seductive for everyone, especially for college students. A healthy romantic relationship can not only improve the happiness of college students, but also promote their academic development. Heterosexual decision making is the threshold of establishing romantic relationship. Successful heterosexual decision making can help individuals to obtain romantic relationship successfully, while unsuccessful heterosexual friends decision often leads to relationship pain. Therefore, although the love is beautiful, but must first pass the opposite sex friend to make the decision this one barrier. Loneliness is a negative emotion experienced because of a lack of satisfactory interpersonal relationships. The relationship theory of loneliness holds that loneliness as a negative emotion has a serious negative impact on the physical and mental health of individuals, while the evolution theory of loneliness believes that lonely emotion is a signal of lack of connection with society. Can remind the individual to repair social relations in time, so it has a positive role. So, is loneliness promoting heterosexual friendships or obstructing heterosexual friendships? In other words, does loneliness play a role in making friends of the opposite sex "more silent because of loneliness" or "talking about love because of loneliness"? No previous study has answered this question. For this reason, this study adopts the contextual task paradigm of heterosexual friend-making, Two (sex: male and female) 脳 2 (lonely emotion: lonely and non-lonely) 脳 2 (self-state: realistic self and ideal self) 脳 2 (decision-making stage: establishing relationship stage and maintaining phase) 脳 2 (task characteristics: initiative and adventure) were used. The formal experiment consists of two studies: one is to investigate the influence of loneliness on the decision making of the opposite sex under the condition of real self. The results showed that: (1) Lonely emotion mainly affected individual initiative, but had no significant effect on risk-taking; Non-lonely group was more active than lonely group; (2) male was more active than female. (3) the interaction between gender and loneliness was significant, that is, the non-lonely group was only more active than the lonely group at the male level; (4) whether male or female, The initiative in the maintenance phase was significantly higher than that in the relationship building stage, and the increase in the initiative of women was significantly greater than that of men; at the same time, relative to the relationship building stage, Both men and women had a significant decrease in risk-taking in the maintenance phase, and there was no significant difference in the extent of the decrease. The second study was conducted after a two-week interval, that is, by inducing the subjects' ideal self in terms of interpersonal competence. Eliminating the role of interpersonal efficacy in loneliness to determine whether loneliness plays a role in making friends with the opposite sex. The results showed that: (1) under the ideal self-condition, there was no significant difference in initiative and risk-taking between the lonely group and the non-lonely group, and (2) the self-state mainly affected the establishing relationship stage of the heterosexual dating decision. But the influence on the maintenance phase is not significant; the ideal self-condition is more active and riskier than the real self-condition; (3) the individual score in initiative is significantly higher than that in risk-taking; (4) in the stage of establishing relationship, the initiative is more active. Self-states have a greater impact on women than on men. Based on the results of two studies, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) males are more active than females in making friends of the opposite sex. (2) Lonely mood hinders the decision making of the opposite sex by harming the initiative of the male individual; (3) the self state can not regulate the influence of the lonely emotion on the decision making of the opposite sex; (4) the decision making of the opposite sex involves different stages of decision making. Decision making at different stages involves different psychological processes.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B848

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