發(fā)布時間：2018-06-24 15:38

  本文選題：跨期選擇 + 時間洞察力�。� 參考：《西南大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：跨期選擇(intertemporal choice)是指個體對發(fā)生在不同時間點的成本與收益進行權衡,而后做出的各種判斷和選擇(Loewenstein,1988; Frederick, Loewenstein,O'Donoghue,2002)�，F(xiàn)實生活中,小到個人的儲蓄、健康和工作,大到國家的教育投資、環(huán)境保護等政策,都不可避免地遇到跨期選擇問題。因此,跨期選擇的研究有助于人們做出更加理性、更加科學的判斷或決策。最近,有研究者從感知時間基礎模型(Perceived-time-based model)的角度來解釋跨期選擇中的時間折扣現(xiàn)象(KimZauberman,2009):個體對時間維度和時間壓縮水平的敏感性是影響延遲折扣的主要原因之一。那么,在跨期選擇中,不同時間洞察力的個體是否具有不同的選擇偏好呢?其認知機制和神經(jīng)基礎是什么呢?為此,本研究利用行為實驗和靜息態(tài)功能核磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)技術,從時間洞察力角度出發(fā),采用跨期選擇經(jīng)典行為范式,主要研究兩個問題：(1)不同時間洞察力個體的跨期選擇偏好的特點；(2)時間洞察力影響跨期選擇的神經(jīng)基礎與運行機制。為此本研究分兩個實驗研究,結果如下。 研究一采用行為實驗,選取兩類不同時間洞察力傾向(“未來時間”傾向和“享樂現(xiàn)在”傾向)的個體,通過標準的跨期選擇任務,考察他們在跨期選擇上的偏好和特點。結果發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)與“未來時間”洞察力組相比,“享樂現(xiàn)在”時間洞察力組的延遲折扣率更高,更偏好即時滿足；(2)未來時間洞察力組在“未來時間洞察力維度”的得分與延遲折扣率負相關,即未來時間洞察力定向越強,延遲折扣率就越低。這些結果說明,不同時間洞察力傾向的個體在跨期選擇上具有不同的偏好,未來時間洞察力能夠較好地預測個體延遲折扣。然而,時間洞察力又是如何影響到個體的跨期選擇的呢?其背后的認知神經(jīng)機制是什么呢?為此,本研究采用rs-fMRI技術,從神經(jīng)基礎和功能網(wǎng)絡角度開展了研究二。 研究二采用靜息態(tài)功能磁共振成像技術(rs-fMRI),考查時間洞察力影響跨期選擇的神經(jīng)基礎與運行機制：重點從時間網(wǎng)絡、價值評估網(wǎng)絡和認知控制網(wǎng)絡出發(fā),探究了時間洞察力對跨期選擇的調控機制。行為結果進步驗證了研究一的結論：曲線下面積(AUC；延遲折扣率=1-AUC)與“未來時間”維度得分正相關,而與“享樂現(xiàn)在”維度得分負相關。靜息態(tài)的研究結果表明：(1)延遲折扣曲線下面積(AUC)和前扣帶回(ACC)與背外側前額葉(d1PFC)間功能連接強度負相關；(2)前扣帶回(ACC)與背外側前額葉(d1PFC)間功能連接變化量與“享樂現(xiàn)在”維度得分正相關,而與“未來時間”維度得分負相關；(3)中介分析表明,ACC-L.d1PFC之間功能連接在時間洞察力對跨期選擇的影響中起到了部分中介作用。這些結果說明,前扣帶回(ACC)與背外側前額葉(d1PFC)之間的功能連接在時間洞察力對跨期選擇的影響中起到關鍵的作用,也就是說時間洞察力對跨期選擇很可能是通過認知控制在起作用。 綜合而言,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)不同時間洞察力個體具有不同的跨期選擇偏好,“享樂現(xiàn)在”傾向的個體更傾向于即時滿足,而“未來時間”傾向的個體更傾向于延遲滿足；(2)背外側前額葉(d1PFC)與前扣帶(ACC)之間的功能連接在時間洞察力對跨期選擇的影響中起到重要的中介作用。本研究從時間洞察力這種人格特質出發(fā),考察了跨期選擇的認知機制與神經(jīng)基礎,不僅拓寬了跨期選擇的研究領域,也為探究跨期選擇的認知神經(jīng)機制提供了新的視角；其實踐應用價值也顯而易見。
[Abstract]:Intertemporal choice refers to the individual ' s trade - offs between costs and benefits that take place at different points of time , and then various judgments and choices ( Loewenstein , 1988 ; Frederick , Loewenstein , O ' Donghue , 2002 ) . In real life , small to individual savings , health and work , big to the country ' s education investment , environmental protection and other policies inevitably meet the cross - period choice problem . Therefore , the study of cross - period selection can help people make more rational and scientific judgment or decision - making .
( 2 ) The time - insight influence the neural basis and operation mechanism of cross - stage selection . For this purpose , two experimental studies are conducted , the results are as follows .

It is found that : ( 1 ) Compared with the " future time " insight group , the delay discount rate of the " pleasure present " time insight group is higher , and the preference for immediate satisfaction is more preferred .
( 2 ) There is a negative correlation between the score of the future time insight group and the delay discount rate , that is , the higher the future time insight is , the lower the delay discount rate . These results show that individuals with different time insight tend to have different preferences in the cross - period selection , and the future time insight can better predict individual delayed discounts .

Based on the time network , the value assessment network and the cognitive control network , the study explored the mechanism of time insight to the selection of cross - period . The results of the study demonstrate the conclusion that the area under the curve ( AUC ;
The delayed discount rate = 1 - AUC was positively correlated with the " future time " dimension score , while negative correlation with " pleasure present " dimension score . The results of the study of resting state showed that ( 1 ) the area under the delayed discount curve ( AUC ) and the frontal gyrus ( ACC ) were negatively correlated with the functional connection strength between the dorsolateral frontal lobe ( d1PFC ) ;
( 2 ) The change of functional linkage between the front buckle ( ACC ) and the dorsolateral frontal lobe ( d1PFC ) was positively correlated with the score of the " pleasure present " dimension , while negatively correlated with the " future time " dimension score ;
( 3 ) The intermediate analysis shows that the function connection between ACC - L . d1PFC plays a role in the influence of time insight into the influence of span selection . These results show that the function connection between ACC and d1PFC plays a key role in the influence of time insight into the influence of cross - period selection , that is , temporal insight may play a key role in cross - period selection .

Overall , it is found that : ( 1 ) individuals with different time insight tend to have different cross - stage selection preferences , and individuals who tend to " enjoy the right now " tend to be satisfied with immediate satisfaction , while individuals with " future time " tend to be more likely to delay satisfaction ;
( 2 ) The function connection between the dorsolateral frontal lobe ( d1PFC ) and the front buckle ( ACC ) plays an important role in the influence of time insight into the influence of cross - period selection .
Its practical application value is also obvious .
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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相關期刊論文 前3條

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本文編號：2062015