發(fā)布時間：2018-06-23 13:32

  本文選題：自尊類型 + 安全型高自尊��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)你在臺上認(rèn)真作報告時，你看見坐在后排的一個人笑了起來。此時你是認(rèn)為那個人在嘲笑自己，還是認(rèn)為那個人笑是因為自己報告得很精彩，還是因為那個人想到了一些高興的事情。面對同樣的情景，有些人會做出消極解釋，有些人則會做出積極解釋。這個過程中就涉及到個體的解釋偏向。解釋偏向是對模棱兩可（含糊）信息做出積極或消極解釋的一種傾向。模棱兩可的信息是指信息的含義是含糊不清的，不確定的，既可以被理解為積極或中性意義，又可以被理解為消極或威脅意義。解釋偏向?qū)儆谝环N認(rèn)知偏差，，根據(jù)個體理解信息的時間維度，研究者將其分為延時解釋偏向和即時解釋偏向。如果一個人將模棱兩可信息理解為積極的，那么這個人可能會認(rèn)為自己是有能力的、受歡迎的；反之，則會認(rèn)為自己沒有能力，不受歡迎。作為個性系統(tǒng)的一個重要組成部分，自尊對個體的認(rèn)知過程和認(rèn)知結(jié)果產(chǎn)生重要的影響。自尊水平不同，個體表現(xiàn)出來的認(rèn)知特點也不相同。目前有關(guān)自尊的認(rèn)知加工偏好方面的研究大多圍繞于自我服務(wù)歸因以及注意、記憶領(lǐng)域，對解釋偏向的研究還很少。自我服務(wù)歸因?qū)儆谡J(rèn)知加工方式上的認(rèn)知偏向，注意偏向、記憶偏向、解釋偏向則屬于認(rèn)知加工內(nèi)容上的認(rèn)知偏向。而且已有的研究大多數(shù)都是以外顯自尊水平的高低作為分組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來篩選被試。隨著內(nèi)隱自尊研究的興起和深入，研究者們開始意識到，自尊的認(rèn)知加工偏向是在無意識水平上進(jìn)行的信息加工過程，忽略內(nèi)隱自尊的作用，而僅僅以外顯自尊水平的高低作為劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)顯得過于單一。本研究主要采用內(nèi)隱測驗（IAT）和外顯量表測量方法分別對內(nèi)隱自尊和外顯自尊進(jìn)行測量，根據(jù)一定的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別篩選出高低水平組，然后將二者的高低水平結(jié)合并組合成四種自尊類型，探討不同自尊類型者的延時和即時解釋偏向特點。研究結(jié)果表明： 1、脆弱型高自尊者在延時和即時時都表現(xiàn)出積極的解釋偏向，安全型高自尊者僅表現(xiàn)出積極的延時解釋偏向。一致性低自尊和不一致低自尊不存在解釋偏向。 2、相比較于其他三種自尊類型者，脆弱型高自尊者有更明顯的積極解釋偏向；四種自尊類型者之間的消極解釋偏向不存在差異。 3、相對于社交情境，在非社交情境下四種類型自尊者都表現(xiàn)出延時消極解釋偏向。 4、相對于社交情境，在非社交情境下一致性低自尊者對自我事件表現(xiàn)出延時積極解釋偏向；相對于自我事件，一致性低自尊在非社交情境下對他人事件表現(xiàn)出延時積極解釋偏向。
[Abstract]:You saw a man in the back row laughing while you were on the stage giving a serious presentation. Do you think that person is laughing at himself, or is that person laughing because he is reporting well, or is that person thinking of something happy. Faced with the same situation, some people will make negative explanations, others will make positive explanations. This process involves individual interpretations of bias. Interpretation bias is a tendency to interpret ambiguous (ambiguous) information positively or negatively. Ambiguous information means that the meaning of information is ambiguous and uncertain, which can be understood as positive or neutral meaning, as well as negative or threatening meaning. Interpretation bias is a kind of cognitive bias. According to the time dimension of individual understanding information, researchers divide it into delay interpretation bias and instant interpretation bias. If one interprets ambiguous information as positive, one may consider himself capable and welcome; conversely, one may consider himself incapable and unwelcome. As an important part of personality system, self-esteem plays an important role in cognitive process and cognitive outcome. The cognitive characteristics of individuals are different with different levels of self-esteem. At present, most of the researches on cognitive processing preference of self-esteem focus on self-service attribution and attention, memory, and the study of explanatory bias is still rare. Self-service attribution belongs to cognitive bias in cognitive processing, attention bias, memory bias and interpretation bias in cognitive processing content. Moreover, most of the previous studies are based on explicit self-esteem as a grouping criterion to screen participants. With the rise and deepening of implicit self-esteem researchers begin to realize that cognitive processing bias of self-esteem is a process of information processing at the unconscious level ignoring the role of implicit self-esteem. However, the level of explicit self-esteem is too single as the criterion of classification. In this study, implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem were measured by implicit Test (IAT) and explicit scale respectively. Then combining the high and low levels of the two into four types of self-esteem, the characteristics of delay and instant interpretation bias of different types of self-esteem are discussed. The results showed that: 1) the vulnerable type of high self-esteem showed positive interpretation bias in both the delay and the immediate time, while the safe type of high self-esteem only showed positive delay interpretation bias. There is no interpretation bias between consistent low self-esteem and inconsistent low self-esteem. 2. Compared with the other three types of self-esteem, the vulnerable type of high self-esteem has a more obvious positive interpretation bias; There was no difference in negative interpretation bias among the four types of self-esteem. 3. Compared with social situation, the four types of self-esteem showed delayed negative interpretation bias. 4, relative to social situation. In non-social context, consistent low self-esteem showed a delay positive interpretation bias to self-events, and consistent low self-esteem showed a delayed positive interpretation bias to others' events in non-social context.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B848

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本文編號：2057279