發(fā)布時間：2018-06-21 22:47

  本文選題：晚習得、非均衡雙語者 + 雙語認知優(yōu)勢��； 參考：《山西大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,雙語者的認知優(yōu)勢引起了研究者的廣泛關注,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)雙語者在抑制、監(jiān)控和切換等執(zhí)行控制成分中存在優(yōu)勢。以往研究大多選取早習得、均衡雙語者為研究對象,而晚習得、非均衡雙語者也是雙語群體的一部分,并占有相當大比例。因此本研究欲對晚習得、非均衡雙語者進行研究。本研究選取了39名漢語單語者和35名晚習得、非均衡雙語者。研究采用Simon任務、ANT任務(Attention Network Task)和顏色-形狀切換任務分別考察單、雙語者在抑制、監(jiān)控和切換成分上的差異,每種任務都分別設置了簡單和復雜兩種難度。研究結果顯示:(1)在Simon任務中,難度和一致性主效應顯著,語言主效應不顯著,Simon效應的組間差異不顯著。但雙語者在復雜任務中的Simon效應顯著小于簡單任務;(2)在ANT任務中,簡單條件下,一致性主效應顯著,語言和難度主效應,以及ANT效應的組間差異不顯著。復雜條件下,一致性和語言主效應顯著,難度主效應和ANT效應的組間差異不顯著,在總體反應時上單語者顯著快于雙語者;(3)在顏色—形狀切換任務中,試次和線索(難度)主效應顯著,語言主效應不顯著。切換成本的組間差異顯著,雙語者的切換成本顯著小于單語者�；旌铣杀镜慕M間差異不顯著。因此本研究得出以下結論:(1)晚習得、非均衡雙語者存在執(zhí)行控制優(yōu)勢,這種優(yōu)勢表現(xiàn)在完成Simon任務和顏色-形狀切換任務時。因此,晚習得、非均衡雙語者的認知優(yōu)勢并不是在執(zhí)行控制的所有成分中都有表現(xiàn)。(2)任務難度會影響晚習得、非均衡雙語者的執(zhí)行控制功能,他們在任務難度較高的條件下更容易表現(xiàn)出認知優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the cognitive advantages of bilinguals have attracted wide attention of researchers. Some studies have found that bilinguals have advantages in executive control components such as inhibition, monitoring and switching. Most previous studies have focused on early acquisition and balanced bilingualism, while late acquisition, disequilibrium bilingualism is also part of the bilingual population and accounts for a large proportion. Therefore, this study is intended to study late-acquired, non-balanced bilinguals. In this study, 39 monolinguals and 35 late-acquired, unbalanced bilinguals were selected. In this study, Attention task and color-shape task were used to examine the differences in suppression, monitoring and switching components. Each task was simple and complex. The results showed that: (1) in Simon's task, the main effects of difficulty and consistency were significant, but the differences between groups of Simon effect were not significant. However, the Simon effect in complex tasks was significantly lower than that in simple tasks; (2) in ant tasks, the consistency effect was significant, language and difficulty effects, and ant effects were not significantly different among groups. Under complex conditions, consistency and linguistic effects were significant, but there were no significant differences between groups of difficulty and ant effects. Monolinguals were significantly faster than bilinguals in overall response time. (3) in color-shape switching tasks, The main effect of test and clue (difficulty) is significant, but the main effect of language is not significant. The switching cost was significantly different between groups, and the switching cost of bilinguals was significantly lower than that of monolinguals. There was no significant difference between the mixed cost groups. Therefore, this study draws the following conclusions: (1) in late acquisition, unbalanced bilinguals have executive control advantages, which are manifested in the completion of Simon tasks and color-shape switching tasks. Therefore, the cognitive advantage of late acquisition and unbalanced bilinguals is not shown in all components of executive control. (2) the difficulty of task will affect the executive control function of late acquisition and unbalanced bilinguals. They are more likely to show cognitive advantages when the task is more difficult.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.1

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本文編號：2050356