冷戰(zhàn)后北約東擴(kuò)與美歐關(guān)系
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-29 19:34
【摘要】：20世紀(jì)80年代末90年代初,持續(xù)了40余年的冷戰(zhàn)戈然而止,東西方兩大對(duì)立集團(tuán)的華沙條約組織和北大西洋公約組織也迎來了它們命運(yùn)的轉(zhuǎn)折。華約解體了,而北約卻在大西洋聯(lián)盟的共同努力下展開了東擴(kuò)和戰(zhàn)略革新。2004年3月29日的東擴(kuò)使得北約擴(kuò)大為擁有26個(gè)成員國的龐大組織。冷戰(zhàn)后美歐在歐洲,乃至于在世界國際政治格局中的縱橫捭闔都濃縮在了北約冷戰(zhàn)后的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和趨勢(shì)中,北約已經(jīng)成為影響冷戰(zhàn)后世界戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平的重要角色。深入研究和總結(jié)冷戰(zhàn)后北約的戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型與東擴(kuò),有利于我們正確認(rèn)識(shí)冷戰(zhàn)后國際關(guān)系的新格局,對(duì)于我國更好地開展國際交往提供了有益的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。北約的東擴(kuò)不僅決定了歐洲安全機(jī)制的重構(gòu),而且也深刻影響著冷戰(zhàn)后的國際關(guān)系格局,影響著未來世界的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平。 冷戰(zhàn)后北約的戰(zhàn)略調(diào)整包含了兩重涵義:“擴(kuò)大”和“擴(kuò)展”�！皵U(kuò)大”指的是北約勢(shì)力的延展和成員的增加,如啟動(dòng)“和平伙伴關(guān)系計(jì)劃”和發(fā)展新成員。而“擴(kuò)展”則是指組織的性質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化和戰(zhàn)略革新,如北約新戰(zhàn)略的制定等。簡(jiǎn)而言之,冷戰(zhàn)后北約的戰(zhàn)略是一種在組成、功能、和性質(zhì)上的擴(kuò)張戰(zhàn)略。從1991年開始,北約就啟動(dòng)了“和平伙伴關(guān)系計(jì)劃”、與地中海各國的對(duì)話、中南歐行動(dòng)等一系列對(duì)話與合作,從而使北約和中東歐國家的“友誼之手”握在了一起,為北約東擴(kuò)做好了結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和思想準(zhǔn)備。1999年3月12日,捷克、匈牙利和波蘭三國加入北約。2004年3月29日,保加利亞、愛沙尼亞、拉脫維亞、立陶宛、羅馬尼亞、斯洛文尼亞和斯洛伐克7國在華盛頓舉行的儀式上正式遞交了加入北大西洋公約組織的法律文本,從而成為北約的新成員。冷戰(zhàn)后北約更重要的變化在于它的戰(zhàn)略擴(kuò)展。1999年4月23日至25日,在華盛頓舉行的慶祝北約成立50周年大會(huì)上,北約正式提出并通過了“北約新戰(zhàn)略概念”。新戰(zhàn)略的總原則從“集體防御”轉(zhuǎn)為“捍衛(wèi)共同利益”,戰(zhàn)略原則改為使北約有能力對(duì)防區(qū)外的危機(jī)做出迅速的反應(yīng),這使北約從一個(gè)防御性的軍事組織變?yōu)榱诉M(jìn)攻性的軍事政治工具。 北約東擴(kuò)與美國和歐洲的戰(zhàn)略選擇有著密切的關(guān)系,它是大西洋聯(lián)盟在冷戰(zhàn)后戰(zhàn)略力量重組的進(jìn)程,也是在美國、歐洲盟國以及中東歐各國權(quán)衡國內(nèi)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況和國國際環(huán)境后對(duì)自身的戰(zhàn)略重新定位的過程。這個(gè)過程是由美歐戰(zhàn)略互動(dòng)推動(dòng)的。無可否認(rèn),美國是北約最重要的成員國。冷戰(zhàn)中,美國在歐洲的政策幾乎被照搬為北約的對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略。但在關(guān)注美國對(duì)北約的支配力量的同時(shí),我們也無法忽視歐洲在冷戰(zhàn)后北約發(fā)展中的作用。在北約現(xiàn)有的26個(gè)成員國中有24個(gè)是歐洲國家,而和平伙伴關(guān)系國家都在歐洲。二戰(zhàn)后,西歐一方面要在一片廢墟中重建國家,一方面出于對(duì)蘇聯(lián)威脅和德國復(fù)興的恐懼,不得不依賴美國的保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Cold War lasted for more than 40 years, and the Warsaw Treaty Organization and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the two opposing groups of East and West, also ushered in a turning point in their fate. The Warsaw Pact broke up, while NATO expanded and innovated its strategy with the joint efforts of the Atlantic Alliance. The eastward expansion of March 29, 2004 led to the expansion of NATO into a large organization with 26 members. After the Cold War, the United States and Europe in Europe, and even in the international political structure of the world, all maneuvers and maneuvers are concentrated in the development and trend of NATO after the Cold War. NATO has become an important role to influence the world war and peace after the Cold War. The in-depth study and summary of NATO's strategic transformation and eastward expansion after the Cold War will help us to correctly understand the new pattern of international relations after the Cold War and provide beneficial experience for China to better carry out international exchanges. The eastward expansion of NATO not only determines the reconstruction of European security mechanism, but also profoundly influences the pattern of international relations after the Cold War and the future world war and peace. The strategic adjustment of NATO after the cold war contains two meanings: enlargement and expansion. "expansion" refers to the extension of NATO power and the expansion of its membership, such as the launching of the Partnership for Peace and the development of new members. "expansion" refers to the nature transformation and strategic innovation of the organization, such as the formulation of NATO's new strategy. In short, the post-cold-war NATO strategy is an expansion strategy in composition, function, and nature. Since 1991, NATO has launched the "Partnership for Peace", a series of dialogues and cooperation with Mediterranean countries and operations in central and southern Europe, thus bringing together the "hand of friendship" between NATO and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Structural, economic and ideological preparations for NATO's eastward expansion. On March 12, 1999, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland joined NATO. March 29, 2004, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia became new members of NATO by formally submitting their legal texts to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) at a ceremony in Washington. The more important change of NATO after the Cold War lies in its strategic expansion. On April 23-25, 1999, NATO formally put forward and adopted the "New Strategic concept of NATO" at the Congress to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the founding of NATO held in Washington. The general principle of the new strategy has shifted from "collective defence" to "defending the common good", and the strategic principle has been changed to enable NATO to respond quickly to crises outside the defence zone. This turned NATO from a defensive military organization into an offensive military and political tool. NATO's eastward expansion is closely related to the strategic choices of the United States and Europe. It is the process of strategic restructuring of the Atlantic Alliance after the Cold War, and it is also in the United States. The process of strategic repositioning of European allies and central and eastern European countries after weighing domestic political and economic situation and international environment. This process is driven by strategic interaction between the US and Europe. There is no denying that the United States is the most important member of NATO. During the Cold War, American policy in Europe was almost copied as NATO's foreign strategy. But while focusing on the United States' dominance of NATO, we cannot ignore Europe's role in the development of NATO after the cold war. Twenty-four of NATO's 26-member countries are European, while the Partnership for Peace is in Europe. After World War II, Western Europe had to rely on the United States for protection, both in ruins and in fear of the Soviet threat and the renaissance of Germany.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：K153
本文編號(hào)：2298606
[Abstract]:In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Cold War lasted for more than 40 years, and the Warsaw Treaty Organization and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the two opposing groups of East and West, also ushered in a turning point in their fate. The Warsaw Pact broke up, while NATO expanded and innovated its strategy with the joint efforts of the Atlantic Alliance. The eastward expansion of March 29, 2004 led to the expansion of NATO into a large organization with 26 members. After the Cold War, the United States and Europe in Europe, and even in the international political structure of the world, all maneuvers and maneuvers are concentrated in the development and trend of NATO after the Cold War. NATO has become an important role to influence the world war and peace after the Cold War. The in-depth study and summary of NATO's strategic transformation and eastward expansion after the Cold War will help us to correctly understand the new pattern of international relations after the Cold War and provide beneficial experience for China to better carry out international exchanges. The eastward expansion of NATO not only determines the reconstruction of European security mechanism, but also profoundly influences the pattern of international relations after the Cold War and the future world war and peace. The strategic adjustment of NATO after the cold war contains two meanings: enlargement and expansion. "expansion" refers to the extension of NATO power and the expansion of its membership, such as the launching of the Partnership for Peace and the development of new members. "expansion" refers to the nature transformation and strategic innovation of the organization, such as the formulation of NATO's new strategy. In short, the post-cold-war NATO strategy is an expansion strategy in composition, function, and nature. Since 1991, NATO has launched the "Partnership for Peace", a series of dialogues and cooperation with Mediterranean countries and operations in central and southern Europe, thus bringing together the "hand of friendship" between NATO and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Structural, economic and ideological preparations for NATO's eastward expansion. On March 12, 1999, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland joined NATO. March 29, 2004, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia became new members of NATO by formally submitting their legal texts to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) at a ceremony in Washington. The more important change of NATO after the Cold War lies in its strategic expansion. On April 23-25, 1999, NATO formally put forward and adopted the "New Strategic concept of NATO" at the Congress to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the founding of NATO held in Washington. The general principle of the new strategy has shifted from "collective defence" to "defending the common good", and the strategic principle has been changed to enable NATO to respond quickly to crises outside the defence zone. This turned NATO from a defensive military organization into an offensive military and political tool. NATO's eastward expansion is closely related to the strategic choices of the United States and Europe. It is the process of strategic restructuring of the Atlantic Alliance after the Cold War, and it is also in the United States. The process of strategic repositioning of European allies and central and eastern European countries after weighing domestic political and economic situation and international environment. This process is driven by strategic interaction between the US and Europe. There is no denying that the United States is the most important member of NATO. During the Cold War, American policy in Europe was almost copied as NATO's foreign strategy. But while focusing on the United States' dominance of NATO, we cannot ignore Europe's role in the development of NATO after the cold war. Twenty-four of NATO's 26-member countries are European, while the Partnership for Peace is in Europe. After World War II, Western Europe had to rely on the United States for protection, both in ruins and in fear of the Soviet threat and the renaissance of Germany.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：K153
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 王仕英;肯尼迪政府對(duì)英國加入歐洲共同體的政策[D];山東師范大學(xué);2007年
，本文編號(hào)：2298606
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