發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-29 14:11

【摘要】：石油工業(yè)對(duì)任何一個(gè)國(guó)家而言，都是關(guān)系國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、具有重要戰(zhàn)略意義的產(chǎn)業(yè)。俄國(guó)地域廣袤，是一個(gè)資源豐富的國(guó)家。其最著名的石油產(chǎn)區(qū)當(dāng)屬位于阿塞拜疆的巴庫(kù)地區(qū)。因這一地區(qū)獨(dú)特的歷史和地理?xiàng)l件，以及俄國(guó)初期的相關(guān)政策，巴庫(kù)地區(qū)的石油業(yè)直到19世紀(jì)晚期才得以充分發(fā)展起來(lái)。期間，外國(guó)資本如諾貝爾石油公司、羅斯柴爾德家族、皇家荷蘭殼牌集團(tuán)成為推動(dòng)巴庫(kù)石油工業(yè)發(fā)展的三支重要力量，它們以不同的方式進(jìn)入到俄國(guó)石油工業(yè)。19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初，巴庫(kù)石油工業(yè)發(fā)展到全新的階段，在財(cái)政大臣維特的努力下，在俄國(guó)新的關(guān)稅政策下，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)，巴庫(kù)石油工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，最終成為俄國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)。而外國(guó)資本通過(guò)對(duì)俄國(guó)石油工業(yè)的投資，在獲得高利潤(rùn)的同時(shí)，也深刻地影響了俄國(guó)的發(fā)展，甚至于左右了俄國(guó)在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中的立場(chǎng)。 本文的第一部分是緒論，主要介紹了19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初俄國(guó)石油工業(yè)中外國(guó)資本問(wèn)題的研究現(xiàn)狀。 第二部分是本文的正文。第一章主要敘述了俄國(guó)石油工業(yè)外資壟斷的形成原因，，談到了俄國(guó)特殊的關(guān)稅政策，以及大臣維特為吸引外資所做的種種努力。 第二章以巴庫(kù)地區(qū)為例，介紹外資壟斷俄國(guó)石油工業(yè)的過(guò)程與特征。著重闡述了諾貝爾兄弟石油公司、羅斯柴爾德家族、皇家荷蘭殼牌集團(tuán)是如何進(jìn)入俄國(guó)石油工業(yè)以及對(duì)俄國(guó)石油工業(yè)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的影響。 第三章主要論述了俄國(guó)石油壟斷組織的發(fā)展，以及俄國(guó)“石油荒”的產(chǎn)生。 第四章對(duì)外資進(jìn)入俄國(guó)石油工業(yè)及其影響進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。 第三部分是結(jié)語(yǔ)部分。中國(guó)應(yīng)該以俄國(guó)石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展過(guò)程為借鑒，在利用外資的時(shí)候，堅(jiān)持獨(dú)立自主，自力更生的原則。更好的發(fā)展本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)。
[Abstract]:For any country, petroleum industry is an industry of important strategic significance, which is related to the development of national economy. Russia is a country with vast territory and abundant resources. Its most famous oil-producing region should be in the Baku region of Azerbaijan. Due to the unique historical and geographical conditions of the region and the early Russian policies, the oil industry in Baku was not fully developed until the late 19th century. During the period, foreign capital such as the Nobel Oil Company, the Rothschild family and the Royal Dutch Shell Group became three important forces in promoting the development of Baku's oil industry. They entered the Russian oil industry in different ways. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Baku oil industry developed to a new stage, with the efforts of Chancellor of the Exchequer Victor, under the new Russian tariff policy, in a short period of time, Baku oil industry developed rapidly and eventually became the basic industry of Russian national economy. By investing in the Russian oil industry, foreign capital made a high profit, but also profoundly affected the development of Russia, and even influenced Russia's position in the first World War. The first part of this paper is the introduction, which mainly introduces the research status of foreign capital in Russian oil industry in the late 19th century and early 20th century. The second part is the text of this paper. The first chapter mainly describes the reasons for the formation of foreign investment monopoly in Russian oil industry, and discusses the special tariff policy of Russia and the efforts made by Minister Victor to attract foreign capital. The second chapter takes Baku area as an example to introduce the process and characteristics of foreign monopoly on Russian petroleum industry. How the Nobel Brothers Oil Company Rothschild and the Royal Dutch Shell Group entered the Russian oil industry and its influence on the development of the Russian oil industry were expounded. The third chapter mainly discusses the development of Russian petroleum monopoly organization and the emergence of Russian oil shortage. The fourth chapter evaluates the foreign capital entering Russian petroleum industry and its influence. The third part is the conclusion. China should draw lessons from the development process of Russian petroleum industry and adhere to the principle of independence and self-reliance in utilizing foreign capital. Better develop the national economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F416.22;K512

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