【摘要】：自19世紀30年代希臘獨立以來,英國一直將希臘視為自己的勢力范圍。二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前夕,面對意大利法西斯對希臘的威脅,英國宣布向希臘提供保證。1940年10月至1941年5月,德意法西斯入侵希臘,英國派出遠征軍援助希臘,但未能擊退德意法西斯。希臘淪陷后,英國大力扶持希臘國王及其流亡政府,為戰(zhàn)后建立一個親英的希臘政府做準備。同時,英國還對希臘反法西斯抵抗運動的主力軍民族解放陣線提供了援助。但隨著世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭的勝利已成定局,英國對希臘民族解放陣線漸生敵意和防范之心。 1944年12月初,以希臘共產(chǎn)黨為主導力量的民族解放陣線與希臘政府發(fā)生沖突,英國悍然出兵對希臘進行武裝干涉,企圖鎮(zhèn)壓希臘民族解放陣線及其軍隊希臘全國人民解放軍。盡管在丘吉爾的強硬命令下,駐希英軍對希臘全國人民解放軍展開了全面進攻,但英軍第一階段的進攻行動大多并未取得成功。到1944年12月8日,除了雅典市正中心以外,希臘全國人民解放軍控制著雅典-比雷埃夫斯的大部分地區(qū)。 于是,以丘吉爾為首的英國政府又開始策劃增派英軍趕赴希臘,以擊敗希臘全國人民解放軍。除軍事鎮(zhèn)壓外,英國方面還采用政治手段對希臘內政進行大肆的干涉,包括任命攝政和重組政府等方面,企圖通過政治途徑來蒙騙希臘民族解放陣線和全國人民解放軍,并削弱其政治力量,將希臘共產(chǎn)黨排除在希臘政府之外。 在英國的政治軍事干涉之下,希臘民族解放陣線與希臘政府于1945年1月、2月簽訂停戰(zhàn)協(xié)定和“瓦爾基扎協(xié)定”,這無疑是英國1944年12月以來對希臘干涉的勝利,希臘全國人民解放軍被解散,民族解放陣線在整個希臘的力量也大為削弱,親英的希臘政府重新建立,英國暫時保住了對希臘的控制。但停戰(zhàn)協(xié)定和“瓦爾基扎協(xié)定”并沒有為希臘帶來真正的和平,英國的干涉并不能解決希臘的問題,受英國支持的希臘政府及其武裝力量對希臘共產(chǎn)黨進行大肆的報復和鎮(zhèn)壓,所謂的和平不過是一種表面假象。 縱觀1944年12月至1945年2月英國對希臘的干涉,英國對希臘民族解放陣線和希臘全國人民解放軍殘酷鎮(zhèn)壓,對希臘政府大力扶持,其目的在于確保二戰(zhàn)后繼續(xù)控制希臘。希臘的地理位置在英國戰(zhàn)后利益中的重要性、丘吉爾的反共立場為英國提供了充分的干涉動機,而“巴爾干百分比協(xié)定”和美蘇的縱容則使英國的干涉更加有恃無恐。在世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭尚未取得最終勝利之時,英國甚至不惜將原本應在意大利戰(zhàn)場上作戰(zhàn)的英軍派到希臘去鎮(zhèn)壓昔日曾共同對德意法西斯作戰(zhàn)的民族解放陣線及全國人民解放軍,這顯然與世界反法西斯事業(yè)相違背,同時也是霸權主義的體現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Britain has regarded Greece as its sphere of influence since its independence in the 1830 s. On the eve of the outbreak of World War II, in the face of the threat posed by the Italian fascists to Greece, Britain announced that it would provide assurances to Greece. From October 1940 to May 1941, Germany and Italy invaded Greece and Britain sent expeditions to assist Greece, but failed to repel the German-Italian fascism. After the fall of Greece, Britain strongly supported the Greek king and his exiled government in preparation for the establishment of a pro-British Greek government after the war. At the same time, Britain also provided assistance to the National Liberation Front, the main force of the Greek anti-fascist resistance. But as the victory of the world anti-fascist war became inevitable, Britain became hostile and defensive towards the Greek National Liberation Front. At the beginning of December 1944, the National Liberation Front (NLF), which was dominated by the Greek Communist Party, clashed with the Greek government, and Britain brazenly sent troops to intervene in the armed intervention of Greece in an attempt to suppress the Greek National Liberation Front and its army, the Greek National people's Liberation Army. Despite Churchill's tough orders, the British troops in Greece launched a full-scale offensive against the Greek National people's Liberation Army, but the first phase of the British offensive was largely unsuccessful. By December 8, 1944, the Hellenic National people's Liberation Army controlled much of Athens-Piraeus, with the exception of the center of Athens. The British government, led by Churchill, began planning to send more troops to Greece to defeat the Greek National people's Liberation Army. In addition to military repression, the British side also used political means to carry out wanton interference in the internal affairs of Greece, including the appointment of regents and the reorganization of the Government, in an attempt to deceive the Greek National Liberation Front and the National people's Liberation Army through political means. And weaken its political power, excluding the Greek Communist Party from the Greek government. Under British political and military intervention, the Greek National Liberation Front and the Greek Government signed the Armistice Agreement and the Valkiza Agreement in January and February 1945, which is undoubtedly a victory for British intervention in Greece since December 1944. The Greek National people's Liberation Army was disbanded, the National Liberation Front was weakened throughout Greece, the pro-British Greek government was re-established and Britain temporarily retained control of Greece. However, the Armistice Agreement and the Valkyza Agreement did not bring real peace to Greece. British intervention could not solve the Greek problem, and the Greek government and its armed forces, which were supported by Britain, carried out a wanton revenge and repression against the Greek Communist Party. The so-called peace is but a superficial illusion. From December 1944 to February 1945, the British intervention in Greece, the brutal suppression of the Greek National Liberation Front and the Greek National people's Liberation Army, and the strong support to the Greek government, aimed at ensuring the continued control of Greece after World War II. The importance of Greece's geographical position in Britain's postwar interests, Churchill's anti-communist position provided Britain with sufficient incentive to interfere, while the Balkan percentage Agreement and the connivance of the United States and Soviet Union made British intervention more fearless. At a time when the world's anti-fascist war was not yet a final victory, Britain even did not hesitate to send British troops who should have fought on the Italian battlefield to Greece to suppress the National Liberation Front and the National people's Liberation Army, which had fought jointly against Germany and Italy in the past. This obviously runs counter to the anti-fascist cause of the world. It is also the embodiment of hegemonism.
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K152

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