發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-02 02:51

  本文選題：公立學(xué)校 + 種族隔離��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：種族隔離在美國這樣一個(gè)移民國家一直以來都是一個(gè)引人注目的問題。公立學(xué)校種族隔離制度則是種族隔離問題在美國教育方面的一個(gè)具體體現(xiàn)。在奴隸制盛行的時(shí)代,黑人奴隸根本沒有受教育權(quán)。奴隸制廢除后,黑人有了受教育權(quán),但是在公立學(xué)校中又遭到了隔離。直到1954年“布朗訴教育委員會(huì)案”,美國才從法律上宣告了種族隔離制度的消亡,但由于各種因素,州取消公立學(xué)校種族隔離的速度仍十分緩慢。 本文主要研究從1954到1980年美國聯(lián)邦取消公立學(xué)校種族隔離制度的演變及影響。關(guān)于這方面的研究,國內(nèi)的相關(guān)論述較少,零星出現(xiàn)在種族和教育方面的論文當(dāng)中,缺少對(duì)美國聯(lián)邦取消公立學(xué)校種族隔離問題的系統(tǒng)性研究。本文則在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)美國公立學(xué)校取消種族隔離的各個(gè)進(jìn)程作一梳理,具體分析其發(fā)展進(jìn)程中的種種積極與不利因素,點(diǎn)明這一舉措的重大意義。希望通過這一論述,能對(duì)美國聯(lián)邦取消公立學(xué)校種族隔離有一個(gè)宏觀且細(xì)致的把握。 本文主要由四部分構(gòu)成,每部分的主要內(nèi)容為: 引言部分主要介紹國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容、研究方法以及不足等。 正文第一部分主要圍繞“取消種族隔離初步進(jìn)展”展開,主要闡述美國最高法院如何推翻“隔離但平等”原則,拉開聯(lián)邦取消公立學(xué)校種族隔離的序幕。此外,分析了取消學(xué)校種族隔離實(shí)際進(jìn)程緩慢的原因。 正文第二部分主要研究美國聯(lián)邦在取消種族隔離方面的進(jìn)展,詳細(xì)闡述了美國聯(lián)邦立法、行政和司法三個(gè)部門取消種族隔離所采取的行動(dòng)。其中包括:國會(huì)頒布了《1964年民權(quán)法》奠定了取消公立學(xué)校種族隔離的法律基礎(chǔ);行政部門大力實(shí)施取消學(xué)校種族隔離的法律;最高法院進(jìn)一步取消公立學(xué)校種族隔離。 正文第三部分論述了總統(tǒng)、國會(huì)和最高法院取消公立學(xué)校種族隔離走向緩和。 正文第四部分則分析了美國聯(lián)邦取消公立學(xué)校種族隔離帶來的影響,對(duì)其利弊進(jìn)行了審慎、細(xì)致的衡量。 結(jié)語部分對(duì)整個(gè)全文進(jìn)行了歸納總結(jié),并指出取消公立學(xué)校種族隔離的意義:使得黑人學(xué)生享受到了公平教育,為建立多民族的和諧社會(huì)奠定了基礎(chǔ),有利于社會(huì)公平。
[Abstract]:Apartheid has long been a noticeable issue in an immigrant country like the United States. Segregation in public schools is a concrete manifestation of apartheid in American education. In the days of slavery, black slaves had no right to education. After the abolition of slavery, blacks had the right to education, but were segregated in public schools. It was not until the Brown v. Board of Education case in 1954 that the United States legally declared the demise of apartheid, but due to various factors, the state was still slow to abolish apartheid in public schools. This paper focuses on the evolution and influence of the federal abolition of segregation in public schools from 1954 to 1980. There are few studies on this field in China, and there are few papers on race and education, and there is no systematic research on the problem of the federal abolition of racial segregation in public schools in the United States. On the basis of the previous research results, this paper makes a combing of the process of American public schools to eliminate apartheid, analyzes the various positive and unfavorable factors in the process of its development, and points out the great significance of this measure. Through this discussion, we hope to have a macro and detailed understanding of the federal abolition of segregation in public schools. This paper is mainly composed of four parts. The main contents of each part are as follows: The introduction mainly introduces the domestic and foreign research situation, the research content, the research method and the insufficiency and so on. The first part of the text mainly revolves around "the preliminary progress of the elimination of apartheid", mainly expounds how the Supreme Court of the United States overthrew the principle of "segregation but equality", and kicked off the prologue of the federal abolition of apartheid in public schools. In addition, the reasons for the slow process of school apartheid are analyzed. The second part of the text mainly studies the progress of the United States in the elimination of apartheid, and expounds in detail the action taken by the federal legislative, executive and judicial departments of the United States to eliminate apartheid. These include: the enactment by Congress of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which laid the legal basis for the abolition of apartheid in public schools; the vigorous enforcement by the executive branch of the law on the abolition of apartheid in schools; and the further abolition of apartheid in public schools by the Supreme Court. The third part of the text discusses the president, Congress and the Supreme Court to eliminate apartheid in public schools toward easing. The fourth part of the text analyzes the influence of the federal deconcentration of public schools, and makes a careful and careful measurement of its advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion part summarizes the whole text and points out the significance of abolishing the apartheid in public schools: it makes black students enjoy fair education and lays the foundation for the establishment of a harmonious society of many nationalities which is beneficial to social equity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：K712

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本文編號(hào)：1967022