發(fā)布時間：2018-06-01 17:19

  本文選題：奧斯曼帝國 + 奧斯曼帝國文化　； 參考：《西北大學》2009年博士論文

【摘要】： 本論文以馬克思主義唯物史觀為指導,堅持既重史實又重分析的原則,對十八、十九奧斯曼帝國與歐洲的文化關系進行研究。在寫作方法上注重用發(fā)展和變化的眼光看問題,既分析了特定歷史條件下的具體事件,又將其置于錯綜復雜的時代背景之下進行剖析。論文通過對十八世紀以后歐洲國家與奧斯曼帝國內(nèi)部各種因素及各自文化特點的分析等來探究奧斯曼帝國文化與歐洲文化交往的特點。 作為一個地跨亞、非、歐三大洲,并且與西歐國家接壤的帝國,奧斯曼帝國在其存續(xù)的五百多年時間里與歐洲國家之間有著形式多樣的文化交往。十八世紀以來,包括交通工具及通訊手段在內(nèi)的科學技術在歐洲得到突飛猛進的發(fā)展,歐州國家迅速強大;它們開始向世界其它地區(qū)擴展,客觀上加強了同各地的文化交往,奧斯曼帝國作為歐洲國家向東方發(fā)展的第一個鄰國,首當其沖地與歐洲文化相遇。自1683年圍攻維也納失敗后,奧斯曼帝國對于歐洲轉變?yōu)橐允貫橹鞯男蝿?1798年拿破侖登陸埃及,標志著資本主義歐洲對奧斯曼帝國全面入侵的開始,它引發(fā)了近代史上的“東方問題”,開啟了奧斯曼帝國文化與歐洲文化深入交往的歷史,因此本文旨在對十八世紀末到十九世紀末期間雙方的文化交往進行分析與探討。 本文分作緒論、正文六章、結論等共八部分。 緒論主要闡釋了本文的研究目的和意義、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、寫作的指導思想和方法、論文的主要內(nèi)容和特色。指出本文是針對十八、十九世紀作為交往兩大主體的奧斯曼帝國文化和歐洲文化之間的交往進行研究的,對于兩者之間的文化交往研究有著歷史的現(xiàn)實的意義。 第一章主要針對作為交往主體之一的奧斯曼帝國傳統(tǒng)文化的構成、特征和成就進行了探討。分析構成奧斯曼帝國文化中的伊斯蘭因素、突厥因素和其他因素:奧斯曼文化的獨特性、寬容性和開放性特征以及奧斯曼文化在建筑、文學和其他方面所取得的成就。 第二章分析了交往的另一主體——歐洲文化的構成、特征和成就。分析歐洲文化中的希臘羅馬因素、基督教因素和其他因素;歐洲文化中的基督教影響、重商主義傳統(tǒng)和擴張主義的特征以及歐洲文化在思想領域、科技領域和其他領域所取得的成就。 第三章則分析了兩種文化交往的時代特征。即雙方的交往處于歐洲的迅速發(fā)展和上升及帝國的衰落時期。這一時代特征決定了在雙方的交往中奧斯曼帝國文化更多地受到歐洲文化的挑戰(zhàn)以及由此而來的影響。 第四章重點論述了奧斯曼帝國后期的改革對雙方文化交往的影響。帝國的改革本身是與歐洲文化交往的結果。帝國后期的穆罕默德·阿里改革為帝國本土的改革提供了參考;謝里姆三世和麥哈邁德二世改革為帝國后期更大的改革——坦齊馬特改革奠定了基礎;坦齊馬特改革在很多方面借鑒和吸納了歐洲文化的成就,是帝國后期較為成功的一次改革;哈米德二世時期在一定程度上延續(xù)著前面的改革。 第五章則探討歐洲文化對帝國文化的影響。分析歐洲文化對帝國文化產(chǎn)生影響的方式和主要表現(xiàn);并分別闡述了英國、法國和德國對帝國文化的影響。 第六章探討了在與歐洲文化交往的作用下帝國現(xiàn)代性的生成。奧斯曼帝國后期與歐洲文化的交往為帝國現(xiàn)代性的生成產(chǎn)生了重要影響。帝國后期的現(xiàn)代性在物質(zhì)文明和精神文明領域都顯示出來。另外,伊斯坦布爾作為帝國后期與歐洲文化交往比較集中的一座城市,它的現(xiàn)代化變化充分顯示了雙方文化交往的成果。 本文關于奧斯曼帝國與歐洲文化交往的研究結論如下:1.十八、十九世紀奧斯曼帝國文化與歐洲文化之間是一種“挑戰(zhàn)-應戰(zhàn)”的邏輯關系與交往結構,但二者之間明顯存在差異。2.雙方文化交往的矛盾與不對等更多地表現(xiàn)為歐洲文化對帝國文化的影響以及社會形態(tài)發(fā)展的錯位。3.歐洲文化與奧斯曼帝國文化交往結構為多樣性主體(英、法、德等)影響單一性客體(奧斯曼帝國)的關系。4.奧斯曼帝國與歐洲文化交往的歷史成為現(xiàn)代土耳其繼承和革新的資源。5.考察雙方文化交往在學術視角與方法論上應摒棄歐洲中心論的思想。
[Abstract]:This paper, guided by the historical materialism of Marx, insists on the principles of both historical facts and analysis, and studies the cultural relations between the eighteen and the nineteen Osman Empire and Europe. Under the background of the times, the paper explores the characteristics of Osman's imperial culture and European cultural communication through the analysis of the various factors in the European countries and the Osman empire after the eighteenth Century and their respective cultural characteristics.
As a land across Asia, Africa, Europe, three continents, and the Empire bordering on Western European countries, the Osman Empire has a variety of cultural exchanges with European countries in the last five hundred years of its existence. Since eighteenth Century, science and technology, including transportation and communication, have developed rapidly in Europe. The country was fast and powerful; they began to expand to the rest of the world and objectively strengthened cultural exchanges with other parts of the world. As the first neighbour of the European countries to develop to the East, the Osman Empire met with the European culture. Since the failure of the siege of Vienna in 1683, the Osman Empire turned to a dominant situation in Europe. In 1798, Napoleon landed in Egypt, marking the beginning of the full invasion of the Osman empire by capitalist Europe. It triggered the "Oriental problem" in modern history and opened the history of the deep association between the Osman Empire culture and the European culture. Therefore, this article aims to divide the cultural exchanges between the end of the eighteenth Century and the end of nineteenth Century. Analysis and discussion.
This article is divided into eight parts: introduction, six chapters, conclusion and so on.
The introduction mainly explains the purpose and significance of the study, the status of the research at home and abroad, the guiding ideology and methods of writing, the main contents and characteristics of the thesis. It is pointed out that this article is aimed at the study of the association between the Osman Empire culture and the European culture as the two main body of communication in the eighteen and nineteenth Century, and the culture between the two. The study of communication has the realistic significance of history.
The first chapter mainly focuses on the composition, characteristics and achievements of the traditional culture of Osman Empire, one of the main bodies of communication. It analyzes the Islamic factors, the Turkic factors and other factors in the culture of the Osman Empire: the uniqueness of Osman culture, the tolerance and openness, and the culture of Osman in architecture, literature and its culture. His achievements have been made.
The second chapter analyzes the other body of communication, the composition, characteristics and achievements of European culture. The analysis of the Greek and Rome factors in the European culture, the Christian and other factors, the Christian influence in European culture, the characteristics of the mercantilism tradition and expansionism, and the European culture in the field of thought, science and technology and other fields Achievement.
The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of the times of the two kinds of cultural exchanges, namely, the rapid development and rise of Europe and the decline of the Empire. The characteristics of this era determine that the Osman Empire culture is more challenged by the European culture and the influence of the culture in the interaction of both sides.
The fourth chapter focuses on the influence of the reform of the late Osman empire on the cultural exchanges between the two sides. The reform of the Empire itself is the result of the cultural exchanges with Europe. The reform of Mohamed Ali in the later period of the Empire provides a reference for the reform of the Empire, and the reform of shelim III and Mai Ahmed II is the greater reform in the later period of the Empire. The reform of Tanzi Matt laid the foundation; the tanzemart reform used and absorbed the achievements of European culture in many ways. It was a successful reform in the later period of the Empire; the Hamid S period continued to a certain extent the previous reform.
The fifth chapter discusses the influence of European culture on imperial culture, analyzes the ways and main manifestations of the influence of European culture on imperial culture, and expounds the influence of Britain, France and Germany on imperial culture.
The sixth chapter discusses the generation of imperial modernity under the role of European cultural interaction. The association of the late Osman empire with European culture has an important influence on the generation of imperial modernity. The modernity of the later empire was shown in the field of material civilization and spiritual civilization. In addition, Istanbul was the later period of the Empire and Europe. The modern change of a city which is more concentrated in cultural exchanges fully demonstrates the results of cultural exchanges between the two sides.
The conclusions of the Osman Empire and European cultural communication are as follows: 1. eighteen, in nineteenth Century, between the Osman Empire culture and the European culture, the relationship between the "challenge and the challenge" is a logical relationship and communication structure, but there is a significant difference between the two and the differences between the cultural exchanges between the two sides as the European culture. The influence of the imperial culture and the dislocation of the social form development.3. European culture and the cultural communication structure of Osman Empire (British, French, German, etc.) the relationship between the single object (Osman Empire) and the relationship between the Osman Empire and the European culture, the history of the cultural exchanges between the Osman Empire and the European culture has become the resource of the inheritance and innovation of modern Turkey. Cultural exchanges should abandon the idea of European centrism in academic perspective and methodology.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K374.3

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1965023