馬克思自由思想研究
本文選題:馬克思 切入點(diǎn):自由思想 出處:《上海師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:在人類歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程中,向往自由一直是人們生活所追求的內(nèi)在本質(zhì)和崇高的理想,它不僅是古今中外一直研究的理論問題,更是人類為追求自身的解放而研究的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。在人類每經(jīng)歷的一個(gè)時(shí)代里,不同的人對(duì)自由的理解都有自己獨(dú)特的認(rèn)識(shí),并且不斷為追求實(shí)現(xiàn)自由而努力。通過研究和探析馬克思畢生的一系列著作,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)人的問題的研究占據(jù)著大部分的篇章,而關(guān)于人類為追求自由和人自身的解放問題是馬克思眾多理論研究和實(shí)踐探索的目標(biāo)。因此,科學(xué)地探究和把握馬克思的自由思想,不僅有助于我們對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展理論及其馬克思的人學(xué)思想有一個(gè)更深入地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解,而且有助于我們把馬克思的自由思想理論與人類的社會(huì)實(shí)踐相結(jié)合,以體現(xiàn)馬克思自由思想的深刻意蘊(yùn)及其當(dāng)代價(jià)值。 本文正是鑒于前人研究相關(guān)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,借助于經(jīng)典著作及相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn),在梳理和挖掘馬克思自由思想中豐富的內(nèi)涵基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行探索。本文的寫作框架如下: 首先考察馬克思之前人類歷史上對(duì)自由思想的思考和探索,主要包括古希臘羅馬時(shí)代人類對(duì)自由思索的進(jìn)展和近現(xiàn)代西方哲學(xué)家對(duì)自由問題的思考。馬克思正是在吸取前人思想的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí)代所賦予的社會(huì)境況,通過對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的深入調(diào)查和探索,不斷批判和超越前人的自由思想,特別是吸取了黑格爾和費(fèi)爾巴哈的自由思想的精華,最終超越了前人的思想創(chuàng)立了自己科學(xué)的自由思想。這是馬克思自由思想中不可或缺的理論根基和組成部分。 其次重點(diǎn)探討馬克思自由思想中的主要內(nèi)容。這主要包括自由的主體是從事實(shí)際活動(dòng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)的個(gè)人;人類的勞動(dòng)實(shí)踐是人的自由實(shí)現(xiàn)的根本途徑;自由的實(shí)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)歷史的過程;自由是人與自然、人與社會(huì)、人與自身的和諧統(tǒng)一;每個(gè)人的自由全面發(fā)展是馬克思自由思想的最終價(jià)值目標(biāo)。本文正是通過挖掘這五個(gè)主要方面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行闡述和探析,同時(shí)這部分也是本論文論述的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)部分,本文將力求通過緊密結(jié)合當(dāng)代現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中對(duì)人的生存問題的思考,來凸現(xiàn)馬克思自由思想的真蘊(yùn)。 最后主要從理論和實(shí)踐兩個(gè)層次上來討論馬克思自由思想對(duì)當(dāng)代中國(guó)構(gòu)建和諧生活所具有深遠(yuǎn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,從理論意義上來講有助于深化對(duì)馬克思唯物史觀的認(rèn)識(shí);有助于劃清馬克思自由思想與西方新自由主義理論的分界。從實(shí)踐意義上來講有助于為促進(jìn)實(shí)現(xiàn)每個(gè)人的自由而全面的發(fā)展提供正確的道路;有助于落實(shí)推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的構(gòu)建。
[Abstract]:In the course of the development of human history, yearning for freedom has always been the intrinsic essence and lofty ideal that people pursue in their lives. It is not only a theoretical issue that has been studied all the time, but also a practical problem that human beings study for their own liberation.In every era of human experience, different people have their own unique understanding of freedom, and continue to strive for the realization of freedom.By studying and analyzing a series of works by Marx throughout his life, we can find that the study of human problems occupies most of the chapters.The goal of Marx's numerous theoretical research and practical exploration is to pursue human freedom and man's own liberation.Therefore, it is not only helpful for us to have a deeper understanding and understanding of the theory of social development and Marx's humanism, but also to explore and grasp Marx's free thoughts scientifically.Moreover, it is helpful for us to combine Marx's theory of free thought with human's social practice in order to reflect the profound implication of Marx's free thought and its contemporary value.In view of the previous research on the basis of relevant theories, with the help of classical works and related research literature, in order to sort out and excavate the rich connotation of Marx's freedom of thought on the basis of exploration.The framework of this thesis is as follows:First of all, it examines the thought and exploration of freedom in the history of Marx, including the progress of free thinking in ancient Greece and Rome and the thought of freedom by western philosophers in modern times.It is on the basis of absorbing the thought of predecessors, combining with the social situation given by the times at that time, that Marx continuously criticizes and transcends the free thoughts of predecessors through the thorough investigation and exploration of the reality.In particular, he absorbed the essence of Hegel and Feuerbach's freedom thought, and finally transcended the previous thought and created his own scientific freedom thought.This is an indispensable theoretical foundation and component in Marx's free thought.Secondly, the main content of Marx's freedom thought is discussed.This mainly includes that the subject of freedom is a realistic individual engaged in practical activities; human labor practice is the fundamental way to realize human freedom; the realization of freedom is a historical process; freedom is man and nature, man and society,The harmonious unity of man and himself and the free and all-round development of each person are the ultimate value goals of Marx's free thought.This article is through the excavation of these five main aspects of the content of the elaboration and analysis, at the same time, this part is also the focus and difficult part of this paper, this paper will strive to closely combine with the contemporary reality of life to the survival of human thinking,To highlight the true meaning of Marx's freedom of thought.Finally, it discusses the profound practical significance of Marx's free thought to the construction of harmonious life in contemporary China from the two levels of theory and practice, and it is helpful to deepen the understanding of Marx's historical materialism from the theoretical point of view.It is helpful to draw a clear line between Marx's freedom thought and western neoliberalism theory.In practical sense, it is helpful to provide the correct way for the realization of the free and comprehensive development of everyone, and to carry out the construction of the socialist harmonious society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:A811
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