發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-25 12:48

  本文選題：生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償　切入點(diǎn)：森林保險(xiǎn)　出處：《山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：森林是孕育人類的母親,是人類寶貴的資源,能起到保護(hù)土壤、涵養(yǎng)水源、調(diào)節(jié)氣候、進(jìn)化空氣等重要作用。長(zhǎng)期以來,由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要,人們逐漸加大了對(duì)森林的采伐,重采伐輕養(yǎng)育,嚴(yán)重的違背了森林生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的自然規(guī)律和林業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的規(guī)律,故而全球氣候變暖、土地沙漠化等問題層出不窮,已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響到人們的生活質(zhì)量。越來越多的學(xué)者將關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到森林的生態(tài)效益上來。我國(guó)政府當(dāng)局在2004年初正式確立了要建立森林生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償基金制度,并在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)實(shí)施試點(diǎn)。然而在政策落實(shí)的具體過程中出現(xiàn)了機(jī)構(gòu)錯(cuò)位,缺乏具體指南等問題已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響到生態(tài)資源環(huán)境保護(hù)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制的建立。為了進(jìn)一步完善相關(guān)制度,充分發(fā)揮森林生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)效益,全面協(xié)調(diào)三者之間的關(guān)系,有必要深入開展相關(guān)方面的研究。森林保險(xiǎn)就是一個(gè)重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持和財(cái)政手段。它產(chǎn)生我于我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的大背景下,他的承保主體是是以盈利為目標(biāo)的市場(chǎng)主體,他在運(yùn)行過程中需要的資源要受到市場(chǎng)的配置。此外,森林保險(xiǎn)又是一種政府行為。一般而言,由于森林自身的弱質(zhì)性以遭遇風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的特殊性,不構(gòu)成大數(shù)法存在的條件,單獨(dú)的保險(xiǎn)公司完全沒有抵御這種損失的能力。于是,政策性的森林保險(xiǎn)也就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。這種市場(chǎng)為主,政府為輔的運(yùn)作方式極大的促進(jìn)了我國(guó)農(nóng)林的建設(shè)和防護(hù),對(duì)完善我國(guó)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)具有十分重要的作用。本文旨在通過梳理國(guó)內(nèi)外研究文獻(xiàn),對(duì)生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償與森林保險(xiǎn)的有效性需求不足進(jìn)行了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)上得出,可能影響森林保險(xiǎn)有效性需求的4個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素:林業(yè)收入比重、政府對(duì)保險(xiǎn)公司的扶持和補(bǔ)貼、森林資產(chǎn)稅收有無減免和森林抵押貸款與森林保險(xiǎn)是否聯(lián)動(dòng)。此外,還通過相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制下森林保險(xiǎn)的效率進(jìn)了評(píng)價(jià)。最后提出了在生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償?shù)拇罂蚣芟?擴(kuò)大生態(tài)效益補(bǔ)償基金來源,大力宣傳森林保險(xiǎn)政策,提高政府對(duì)森林保險(xiǎn)的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼等政策建議。
[Abstract]:Forests are the mother of human beings and the precious resources of human beings. They play an important role in protecting soil, conserving water, regulating climate and evolving air. For a long time, due to the need of economic development, people have gradually increased the harvesting of forests. Heavy cutting and light cultivation seriously violate the natural laws of forest growth and development and the laws of forestry economic development. As a result, global climate warming, desertification and other problems emerge endlessly. It has seriously affected the quality of life of people. More and more scholars have shifted the focus of attention to the ecological benefits of forests. In early 2004, the government authorities of our country formally established the system of compensation fund for forest ecological benefits. However, in the process of implementing the policy, there has been institutional dislocation and the lack of specific guidelines has seriously affected the establishment of a long-term mechanism for the protection of ecological resources and the environment. In order to further improve the relevant system, To give full play to the ecological, economic and social benefits of forests, and to fully coordinate the relationship among the three, Forest insurance is an important financial support and financial means. It is born in the background of our market economy, its underwriting body is the market main body with profit as the target. In addition, forest insurance is a kind of government behavior. Generally speaking, because of the weakness of the forest itself to encounter the particularity of risk, it does not constitute a condition for the existence of the large number method. Individual insurance companies have no capacity to resist such losses. Thus, policy-oriented forest insurance has emerged as the times require. This mode of operation, dominated by the market and supplemented by the government, has greatly promoted the construction and protection of agriculture and forestry in China. It is very important to perfect the ecosystem of our country and further strengthen the construction of ecological civilization. Through combing the research literature at home and abroad, this paper makes an economic analysis on the insufficient demand for the effectiveness of ecological benefit compensation and forest insurance. On this basis, it is concluded that four key factors that may affect the demand for the effectiveness of forest insurance are the proportion of forestry income, government support and subsidies to insurance companies, In addition, the efficiency of forest insurance under the ecological benefit compensation mechanism is evaluated through the relevant data. Finally, under the framework of ecological benefit compensation, the paper puts forward a broad framework of ecological benefit compensation. To expand the source of ecological benefit compensation fund, to publicize the forest insurance policy and to raise the government's financial subsidy to forest insurance and other policy suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F326.2;F842.66

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