發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-29 09:58

  本文選題：網(wǎng)約車　切入點(diǎn)：共享經(jīng)濟(jì)　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)和移動(dòng)智能終端的發(fā)展,網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租汽車逐漸進(jìn)入大眾的視野。經(jīng)過(guò)短短的幾年時(shí)間,憑借價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)以及操作的便捷性,網(wǎng)約車迅速搶占了傳統(tǒng)出租車的市場(chǎng)份額,引發(fā)了整個(gè)出租車行業(yè)的變革,同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了網(wǎng)約車規(guī)制的難題。網(wǎng)約車是與傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式相區(qū)別的新業(yè)態(tài),具有提升社會(huì)閑置資源利用功效、改善人民群眾出行品質(zhì)等多方面的作用。當(dāng)前,從事網(wǎng)約車經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)的大多是私家車車主利用閑暇時(shí)間、空余座位開(kāi)展的兼職活動(dòng),具有典型的共享經(jīng)濟(jì)特征。網(wǎng)約車的出現(xiàn)對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)用途、市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、職業(yè)資質(zhì)管制等傳統(tǒng)規(guī)制模式帶來(lái)全新的挑戰(zhàn)。簡(jiǎn)單地套用傳統(tǒng)規(guī)制辦法來(lái)約束網(wǎng)約車的做法不利于促進(jìn)共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,也有背于社會(huì)大眾的普遍期許。此外,網(wǎng)約車作為新生事物,其在發(fā)展過(guò)程中遭受的行業(yè)抵制也是巨大的,監(jiān)管部門落后的治理理念也為網(wǎng)約車的發(fā)展設(shè)置了另一重阻礙。網(wǎng)約車作為新生事物,社會(huì)各界對(duì)于網(wǎng)約車范疇的界定并沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的認(rèn)識(shí)�，F(xiàn)行的規(guī)制辦法將網(wǎng)絡(luò)約租車服務(wù)劃分為網(wǎng)約車和私人小客車合乘兩種概念。然而,這樣的劃分未能充分體現(xiàn)釋放共享經(jīng)濟(jì)活力的理念,顯然不符合事物發(fā)展的規(guī)律。為應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)約車帶來(lái)的行業(yè)變化、規(guī)范網(wǎng)約車市場(chǎng)的經(jīng)營(yíng),監(jiān)管部門通過(guò)部門立法的形式對(duì)網(wǎng)約車的規(guī)制做出了頂層設(shè)計(jì)。不過(guò),以部門規(guī)章的形式對(duì)網(wǎng)約車設(shè)置多項(xiàng)行政許可的做法遭到學(xué)界關(guān)于合法性的質(zhì)疑。實(shí)施價(jià)格管制是計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)下經(jīng)常使用的措施。新政下,不少城市政府仍然通過(guò)政府指導(dǎo)價(jià)的方式干預(yù)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的自由發(fā)展。網(wǎng)約車是信息技術(shù)發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物,正是基于這一特點(diǎn),網(wǎng)約車市場(chǎng)容易形成集中經(jīng)營(yíng),引發(fā)行業(yè)壟斷。國(guó)內(nèi)網(wǎng)約車行業(yè)發(fā)展的歷史實(shí)踐也論證了這一觀點(diǎn)。不過(guò),管理層對(duì)于網(wǎng)約車行業(yè)壟斷問(wèn)題的解決尚未做出有效的管控。除此之外,地方政府被賦予了規(guī)制本地區(qū)網(wǎng)約車的一定權(quán)限。但是,通過(guò)總結(jié)對(duì)比北京、上海、廣州等重點(diǎn)地方政府的規(guī)制實(shí)踐,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)地方政府濫用網(wǎng)約車規(guī)制自主權(quán),做出制約網(wǎng)約車發(fā)展,違背頂層設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)定的現(xiàn)象十分普遍�？梢哉f(shuō),無(wú)論是中央層面還是地方城市政府在網(wǎng)約車規(guī)制問(wèn)題上的探索都存在不盡如人意之處。為此,筆者認(rèn)為科學(xué)界定網(wǎng)約車的范疇、保留對(duì)網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)的行政許可規(guī)制,改革車輛、駕駛?cè)藛T的具體要求,取消任何形式的運(yùn)價(jià)管制,防范網(wǎng)約車平臺(tái)壟斷,上收地方政府的規(guī)制權(quán)限很有必要。此外,還要充分認(rèn)識(shí)網(wǎng)約車的共享經(jīng)濟(jì)屬性,結(jié)合信息規(guī)制的有關(guān)理論,引入政企合作的規(guī)制新模式,為新事物的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造最適宜的外部環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:With the development of Internet technology and mobile intelligent terminal, the online booking taxi has gradually entered the public's field of vision. After a short period of time, with the advantage of price and the convenience of operation, The rapid capture of the market share of traditional taxis by Internet ride-sharing has led to a revolution in the entire taxi industry, and at the same time brought about a difficult problem in the regulation of net-ride-hailing, which is a new form of business different from the traditional economic model. It has the function of promoting the utilization of idle social resources and improving the travel quality of the people. At present, most of the private car owners engaged in the service of car-sharing are part-time activities carried out by private car owners in their spare time and spare seats. With typical shared economy characteristics. The emergence of the car network for property purposes, market access, The traditional regulation model, such as professional qualification regulation, poses a new challenge. Simply applying the traditional regulation method to restrict the sharing of cars is not conducive to promoting the development of the sharing economy, but also contrary to the general expectations of the public. As a new thing, the resistance of the industry in the process of development is huge, and the backward governance concept of the supervision department has also set another obstacle to the development of the net-ride-hailing. As a new thing, the net-ride-hailing is a new thing. There is no unified understanding of the definition of the scope of the net hire car. The current regulation method divides the network hire car service into two kinds of concepts: the net hire car and the private passenger car. However, the existing regulation method divides the network hire car service into two kinds of concepts: the net hire car and the private passenger car. Such a division fails to fully reflect the idea of releasing shared economic vitality, which obviously does not conform to the law of development of things. In order to cope with the changes in the industry brought about by ride-sharing, we should standardize the operation of the net-ride-hailing market. Regulators have made top-level designs to regulate ride-hailing through departmental legislation. However, In the form of departmental regulations, the practice of setting up a number of administrative licenses for net-chartering has been questioned by the academic community about the legality. Price control is a measure frequently used in planned economy. Under the New deal, Many city governments still intervene in the free development of the market economy by means of government-guided pricing. Car ride-sharing is the product of the development of information technology. It is precisely because of this characteristic that the car-sharing market is easy to form a centralized operation. This view is also demonstrated by the historical practice of the development of the domestic car-hailing industry. However, the management has not yet made effective control over the solution of the monopoly problem in the ride-hailing industry. The local government has been given certain authority to regulate the local ride-sharing system. However, by summarizing and comparing the practices of the key local governments in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, it can be found that the local governments abuse the autonomy of the net-ride-hailing regulation. It is very common to restrict the development of ride-sharing network and violate the regulations of top-floor design. It can be said that the exploration of the regulation of ride-hailing on the central level and the local city governments is not satisfactory. For this reason, The author thinks that we should scientifically define the scope of net-ride-sharing platform, keep the administrative license regulation on Web-ride-hailing platform, reform the specific requirements of vehicle and driver, cancel any form of tariff control, and prevent the monopoly of network-ride-hailing platform. It is necessary to collect the local government's regulatory authority. In addition, it is necessary to fully understand the shared economic attributes of net-ride-sharing, and to introduce a new model of government and enterprise cooperation regulation in combination with the relevant theory of information regulation. Create the most suitable external environment for the development of new things.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F724.6;F572

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