發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-12 14:37

  本文選題：林木生物質(zhì)能源 + 資源量　； 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：根據(jù)國際能源署(IEA)報(bào)告,中國自2009年以后取代美國成為全球第一大能源消費(fèi)國,而中國的能源資源(尤其是煤炭)雖然比較豐富,但不足以滿足其所有能源需求的增長,能源供給壓力不斷加大。此外,自21世紀(jì)以來,使用化石燃料導(dǎo)致的氣候變化問題日益嚴(yán)峻。全球氣候變暖不僅會(huì)造成極地冰川融化,全球水平面高度漸漸上升；也會(huì)使生態(tài)平衡遭到損害,威脅人類賴以生存的自然環(huán)境；而且對全球經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治的安全,社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定都會(huì)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。因此,生物質(zhì)可再生能源,如沼氣、秸稈的能源開發(fā)利用,是目前備受重視和研究的熱點(diǎn)問題。在各類的生物質(zhì)可再生能源中,林木生物質(zhì)含量巨大,是替代化石燃料的一個(gè)極佳的選擇。且林木生物質(zhì)能是一種高效的清潔能源,其二氧化碳排放量幾乎為零,環(huán)境效益極高。故如果能實(shí)現(xiàn)對林木生物質(zhì)能源資源的高效利用,不僅可以減少人類對化石燃料的依賴,緩減能源供給的緊張局面,同時(shí),使用這種清潔能源還能減少對環(huán)境的污染,為改善氣候變暖做貢獻(xiàn),達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境的和諧統(tǒng)一發(fā)展。 然而我國林木生物質(zhì)能源的發(fā)展尚處于起步階段,林木生物質(zhì)能源資源量的估計(jì)方法也有待統(tǒng)一和完善,對林木生物質(zhì)能源發(fā)展的制約因素分析也存在不足,仍存在一系列的問題尚未得到解決。故長期以來,林木生物質(zhì)能源的開發(fā)利用進(jìn)程都比較緩慢,因此,在這樣的背景之下,迫切需要建立一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的林木生物質(zhì)能源資源量估算模型,通過對林木生物質(zhì)能源資源各組成部分的具體分析,科學(xué)、全面、直觀的認(rèn)識(shí)和了解我國林木生物質(zhì)能源資源的各部分構(gòu)成和利用情況,有助于我國林木生物質(zhì)能源資源更合理的運(yùn)用的和更快速的發(fā)展。 本文從林業(yè)可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的角度,確定林木生物質(zhì)能源資源的構(gòu)成類型,基于自下而上的方法建立林木生物質(zhì)能源資源量估算模型,進(jìn)而根據(jù)我國森林資源清查的最新數(shù)據(jù)和各類資源的利用現(xiàn)狀,對我國現(xiàn)有林木生物質(zhì)能源資源量進(jìn)行初步估計(jì)。得出的結(jié)論是,目前我國全部林木生物質(zhì)資源總量中,除去用于工業(yè)圓木和傳統(tǒng)薪材的林木質(zhì)資源后,可獲得的剩余物總量約為11.71億噸,其中,可作為能源利用的生物質(zhì)總量約為3.97億噸,占全部剩余物總量的34%。在各類林木生物質(zhì)能源資源中,林業(yè)生產(chǎn)剩余物占比重最大,如果合理利用,可以作為林木生物質(zhì)能源資源的重要供給途徑。而目前作為林木生物質(zhì)能源資源的重要來源能源林的生物資源量僅占全部資源量的15%,可見,我國在能源林的種植和采收方面還存在很大的上升空間。最后,本文通過對林木生物質(zhì)資源獲得量和能源利用量的比較,分析制約林木生物質(zhì)能源發(fā)展的因素,在此的基礎(chǔ)上,提出有針對性的建議。
[Abstract]:China has overtaken the United States as the world's largest energy consumer since 2009, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), while China's energy resources, particularly coal, are abundant but not sufficient to meet all of its energy demand growth. The pressure on energy supply is increasing. Moreover, climate change caused by fossil fuels has become increasingly acute since the 21 st century. Global warming will not only cause the melting of polar glaciers and the gradual rise of global water levels; it will also damage the ecological balance and threaten the natural environment on which mankind depends; and it will also be safe for the global economy and politics. Social stability will have a profound impact. Therefore, the development and utilization of biomass renewable energy, such as biogas and straw, is a hot issue. Among all kinds of biomass renewable energy, forest biomass is a good alternative to fossil fuels because of its huge biomass content. And forest biomass energy is a kind of efficient clean energy, its carbon dioxide emission is almost zero, the environmental benefit is extremely high. Therefore, if we can realize the efficient utilization of forest biomass energy resources, we can not only reduce the dependence of human beings on fossil fuels and ease the tension of energy supply, but also reduce the pollution to the environment by using this clean energy. Contribute to the improvement of climate warming and achieve a harmonious and unified development of the economy and the environment. However, the development of forest biomass energy in China is still in the initial stage, the estimation method of forest biomass energy resources needs to be unified and improved, and the analysis of constraints on the development of forest biomass energy is also insufficient. A series of problems remain unresolved. Therefore, for a long time, the development and utilization of forest biomass energy has been slow. Therefore, under this background, it is urgent to establish a systematic estimation model of forest biomass energy resources. Through the concrete analysis of the components of forest biomass energy resources, scientific, comprehensive and intuitive understanding and understanding of the composition and utilization of forest biomass energy resources in China, It is helpful for the more rational utilization and faster development of forest biomass energy resources in China. In this paper, from the perspective of sustainable forestry production and management, the composition types of forest biomass energy resources are determined, and the estimation model of forest biomass energy resources is established based on the bottom-up method. According to the latest data of forest resources inventory in China and the current situation of utilization of various kinds of resources, the amount of forest biomass energy resources in China is preliminarily estimated. It is concluded that, of the total forest biomass resources available in China, the total amount of residual matter available after the removal of wood resources used for industrial logs and traditional fuelwood is about 1.171 billion tons, of which, The total amount of biomass that can be used as energy is about 397 million tons, accounting for 34% of the total residue. Among all kinds of forest biomass energy resources, forestry production residue accounts for the largest proportion. If it is used reasonably, it can be used as an important supply way of forest biomass energy resources. At present, as an important source of forest biomass energy resources, the amount of biological resources of energy forest accounts for only 15% of the total resources. It can be seen that there is still a lot of room for improvement in the planting and harvesting of energy forests in China. Finally, this paper analyzes the factors restricting the development of forest biomass energy by comparing the quantity of forest biomass resources and the amount of energy utilization. On the basis of this, some suggestions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.2

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