本文關(guān)鍵詞：作為規(guī)制與治理工具的行政許可，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

作為規(guī)制與治理工具的行政許可

[1]

《Cass Journal of Law》

愛爾蘭都柏林大學(xué)法學(xué)院

文章摘要：源于私人生活中財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)人授權(quán)他人分享自己財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)實(shí)踐的行政許可，正成為一種引人注目的政府規(guī)制與治理工具。作為治理工具，行政許可承載了一系列不同的社會(huì)目標(biāo)，規(guī)制有時(shí)只是其中一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)。當(dāng)行政許可被限定為規(guī)制工具時(shí)，可以假定其核心是實(shí)現(xiàn)對特定行為的控制，具體機(jī)制包括信息收集、準(zhǔn)入控制、行為監(jiān)管以及許可的執(zhí)行。盡管許可制度具有篩選市場主體并對他們進(jìn)行識(shí)別和規(guī)制等積極作用，但同時(shí)也存在巨大的負(fù)面作用，如限制和阻礙競爭、可能導(dǎo)致權(quán)力濫用，而且許可制度是有成本的。政府在采取許可制度過程中，，應(yīng)考慮其他能夠達(dá)成相同制度目標(biāo)的替代性工具。

Abstr：Licensing which originates from more general practices of those with property rights carving out part of their interest to give limited rights to others in respect of their property, is likely to be at- tractive as a means to assert control. Regulation is conventionally understood as the deployment of governmental authority to establish systematic oversight by reference to rules over some activities val- ued by society. In the armoury of tools and techniques for regulation, licensing has a central place as the exercise of state control seeking to secure particular social and economic outcomes. However defined, licenses as a tool of government can be deployed for a number of distinct purposes of which regulation is only sometimes the primary purpose. Where licensing is regulatory, we may assume that the key rationale for the regime is to exert control, which can be defined as gathering information, con- trolling entry, controlling conduct and enforcement. Whilst licensing may have positive effects in terms of capacity to pre-clear market actors and to identify and regulate them, there is significant po- tential for adverse effects, such as restrictions on entry to the market, abusing of state power and cost- ly. Governments should consider alternative ways of securing the same outcomes prior to introducing licensing regimes. Alternatives to licensing include doing nothing, encouraging self-regulation, using market-like mechanisms to change behaviour and applying regulatory oversight without the burden of licensing.

文章關(guān)鍵詞：

Keyword：:regulation, licensing, tools of governance, ahernatives to licensing

作者信息：會(huì)員可見

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：作為規(guī)制與治理工具的行政許可，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。