【摘要】：隨著我國道路運輸業(yè)的發(fā)展,由于半掛汽車列車具有裝載運輸量大、運輸成本低、運輸效率高等優(yōu)勢,其在物流運輸業(yè)中扮演著越來越重要的角色。與其他汽車相比,由于半掛汽車列車具有載重量大、縱向尺寸長、整車質(zhì)心高等特點,并且其整車操縱穩(wěn)定性受車輛單元之間相互作用的影響,其失穩(wěn)形式更為復雜,它在行駛過程中容易發(fā)生“折疊”、“甩尾”、“橫向擺振”等橫擺失穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象和側(cè)翻失穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象,這將會引發(fā)嚴重的交通事故,如何改善和提高半掛汽車列車的操縱穩(wěn)定性已成為汽車廠商和研究單位所追求的目標。本文主要通過研究半掛汽車列車操縱穩(wěn)定性客觀評價指標與其結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的線性關(guān)系,優(yōu)化匹配車輛結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),從而提高半掛汽車列車操縱穩(wěn)定性。通過查閱大量相關(guān)資料,選取出半掛汽車列車的10個重要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),參考乘用車操縱穩(wěn)定性客觀評價指標的選取方法,從評價方法的實用性、評價指標的客觀性和車輛操縱穩(wěn)定性評價的可操作性等方面出發(fā),選取四個操縱穩(wěn)定性客觀評價指標：載荷轉(zhuǎn)移率和靜態(tài)側(cè)翻極限值為側(cè)翻穩(wěn)定性客觀評價指標,側(cè)向加速度后向放大值和牽引車與半掛車相對橫擺角速度為橫擺穩(wěn)定性客觀評價指標。基于軟件TruckSim建立半掛汽車列車整車模型,采用單移線仿真試驗,依據(jù)客觀評價指標,通過分析參數(shù)變化對車輛操穩(wěn)性的影響,確定了6個與車輛匹配的參數(shù)：牽引車軸距、牽引車質(zhì)心高度、牽引車后軸懸架剛度、半掛車軸距、空載時半掛車質(zhì)心離牽引點距離、半掛車懸架剛度。設(shè)計正交試驗,采取最優(yōu)試驗方法與次數(shù),得出了半掛汽車列車在5種不同載荷情況下,客觀評價指標與結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的多元線性回歸方程,采用多元線性回歸分析理論,對線性回歸方程進行分析,確定了半掛汽車列車的兩個綜合客觀評價指標：側(cè)翻穩(wěn)定性綜合客觀評價指標與橫擺穩(wěn)定性綜合客觀評價指標。應用多目標線性規(guī)劃的優(yōu)化方法,以半掛汽車列車的側(cè)翻穩(wěn)定性綜合客觀評價指標和橫擺穩(wěn)定性綜合客觀評價指標為目標函數(shù),以確定的6個車輛參數(shù)為優(yōu)化變量進行優(yōu)化,對比仿真前后結(jié)果,綜合評價操穩(wěn)性變化情況,結(jié)果表明,優(yōu)化后車輛的操縱穩(wěn)定性能得到了較為明顯的改善。
[Abstract]:With the development of road transportation in China, semi-trailer trains play a more and more important role in logistics industry because of their advantages such as large load, low transportation cost and high transportation efficiency. Compared with other vehicles, the semi-trailer train has the characteristics of large load, long longitudinal dimension, high center of mass, and its vehicle handling stability is affected by the interaction between vehicle units, so the instability form is more complex. "folding", "tail-flick", "lateral shimmy" and so on are likely to occur in the course of driving, which will lead to serious traffic accidents. How to improve and improve the handling and stability of semi-trailer trains has become the goal pursued by automobile manufacturers and research units. In this paper, the linear relationship between the objective evaluation index and the structural parameters of the semi-trailer train is studied to optimize the matching of the vehicle structural parameters, so as to improve the handling stability of the semi-trailer train. Through consulting a large number of related data, 10 important structural parameters of semi-trailer train are selected, and the selection method of objective evaluation index of passenger vehicle handling stability is referred to, and the practicability of the evaluation method is analyzed. From the aspects of objectivity of evaluation index and maneuverability of vehicle handling stability evaluation, four objective evaluation indexes of maneuvering stability are selected: load transfer rate and static rollover limit value as objective evaluation index of rollover stability. The lateral acceleration backward magnification value and relative yaw angle velocity between tractor and semitrailer are objective evaluation indexes of yaw stability. Based on the software TruckSim, the vehicle model of semi-trailer train is established, and the simulation test of single moving line is adopted. According to the objective evaluation index, six parameters matching the vehicle are determined by analyzing the influence of the change of parameters on the operating stability of the vehicle, that is, the wheelbase of the tractor. Height of center of mass of tractor, stiffness of rear axle suspension of tractor, wheelbase of semitrailer, distance of centroid from traction point when no load, stiffness of suspension of semitrailer. By designing orthogonal test, adopting the optimal test method and times, the multivariate linear regression equation of objective evaluation index and structural parameters of semi-trailer train under five different loads is obtained, and the theory of multivariate linear regression analysis is adopted. By analyzing the linear regression equation, two comprehensive objective evaluation indexes of the semi-trailer train, namely, the comprehensive objective evaluation index of the rollover stability and the comprehensive objective evaluation index of the yaw stability, are determined. By using the optimization method of multi-objective linear programming, the objective evaluation index of the rolling stability of the semi-trailer train and the objective evaluation index of the yaw stability are taken as the objective functions, and the six vehicle parameters determined are optimized as the optimization variables. Compared with the results before and after simulation, comprehensive evaluation of the operating stability changes, the results show that the optimized vehicle handling and stability performance has been significantly improved.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U469.5

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本文編號：2174093