發(fā)布時間：2018-05-10 15:15

  本文選題：首次銷售原則 + 發(fā)行權�。� 參考：《浙江工商大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：“首次銷售原則”(the first sale doctrine)起源于美國,具體指的是版權人享有“發(fā)行權”,即將作品復制件投向市場的權利,但是被合法制作出來的作品復制件,在經(jīng)過版權人許可向公眾出售之后,或者以其他方式轉(zhuǎn)移所有權后,版權人就無權對之后的處分行為進行干涉。相應地,獲得該復制件所有權者則因此獲得諸如再次出售、出租等其他方式的處分權,而無需經(jīng)過版權人同意。其目的是為了限制版權人對經(jīng)過首次銷售之后的作品的版權,保護消費者對其財產(chǎn)的處分權,對于保障版權人和消費者之間的利益平衡,維護正常市場秩序。 計算機網(wǎng)絡的發(fā)展,擴張了版權適用領域。版權人對作品的利用方式隨著技術的發(fā)展而得到極大的豐富,獲得的利益也大大增加,侵害其權利的方式也增多,因此保護版權人在網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境中的權利十分重要。但是權利的行使是有邊界的,一種權利不可能無限的擴張,當它的行使侵犯了他人合法權利甚至公共利益的時候,必須對這種權利進行必要的限制。這是立法的必然規(guī)律。 各國立法也都在作品通過網(wǎng)絡傳播過程中對版權人的利益提供保護,卻沒有對其進行必要限制,當版權人版權與消費者所有權發(fā)生沖突時,消費者往往處于不利的地位。本文的目的在于探討網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境中是否應當適用“首次銷售原則”,實現(xiàn)版權利益平衡以及個人利益和公共利益的合理配置。 本文分為以下四個部分： 第一部分介紹傳統(tǒng)“首次銷售原則”的概念,各國以及國際條約對“首次銷售原則”的立法情況,闡明首次銷售原則在版權人與消費者利益平衡中所起的重要作用。 第二部分通過分析發(fā)行權的立法目的及其適用范圍,理清傳統(tǒng)的“首次銷售原則”與發(fā)行權的關系,旨在說明傳統(tǒng)的“首次銷售原則”適用于網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境所面臨的困境。 第三部分從三個方面論證網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境中應當適用“首次銷售原則”。首先“首次銷售原則”的邏輯起點應該是民法基本原則中的“禁止權利濫用原則”,而不是所謂的“發(fā)行權”,基于這個結論,即使網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境中不能適用發(fā)行權,也已然具有適用“首次銷售原則”的可能性；其次通過揭示數(shù)字化作品的物權和知識產(chǎn)權的雙重屬性,闡明在數(shù)字化作品的傳播尤其是交易過程中仍然會產(chǎn)生所有權和版權的沖突,為了限制權力濫用的發(fā)生,在網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境中適用“首次銷售原則”具有其合理性；最后從網(wǎng)絡技術發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),指出技術措施往往成為版權人濫用其權利的工具。同時結合美國和歐洲的相關案例,揭示數(shù)字化作品二手交易的發(fā)展趨勢及數(shù)字化作品二手市場產(chǎn)權的必然行,從而論證在網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境中適用“首次銷售原則”的現(xiàn)實必要性。 第四部分,結合我國立法現(xiàn)狀和網(wǎng)絡版權特點,為我國網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境中“首次銷售原則”的建立提出建議和參考。
[Abstract]:The "principle of first sales" the first sale doctrine) originated in the United States, specifically referring to the copyright owner's right to "distribute" the right to market copies of a work, but copies of a work that are legally produced. After being sold to the public with the permission of the copyright owner, or otherwise transferring ownership, the copyright owner has no right to interfere with the subsequent disposition. Accordingly, the owner of the copy is granted the right to dispose of the copy by other means, such as resale, lease, etc., without the consent of the copyright owner. Its purpose is to restrict the copyright of the copyright owner to the work after the first sale, to protect the consumer's right to dispose of his property, to protect the balance of interests between the copyright owner and the consumer, and to maintain the normal market order. With the development of computer network, the field of copyright application has been expanded. With the development of technology, copyright owners' use of works has been greatly enriched, the benefits obtained have increased greatly, and the ways of infringing their rights have increased, so it is very important to protect the rights of copyright owners in the network environment. However, the exercise of rights has boundaries, a kind of rights can not be unlimited expansion, when its exercise of other people's legitimate rights or even the public interest, it must be necessary to restrict this right. This is the inevitable law of legislation. The legislation of every country also provides the protection to the copyright owner's interests in the process of transmission through the network, but does not carry on the necessary restriction to it. When the copyright of the copyright owner and the consumer's ownership conflict, the consumer is often in the disadvantageous position. The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether the "first sale principle" should be applied in the network environment to realize the balance of copyright interests and the rational allocation of personal and public interests. This paper is divided into the following four parts: The first part introduces the concept of the traditional "principle of first sale", the legislation of "principle of first sale" in various countries and international treaties, and expounds the important role of the principle of first sale in balancing the interests of copyright owners and consumers. The second part, by analyzing the legislative purpose and the scope of application of the right to issue, clarifies the relationship between the traditional "principle of first sale" and the right of circulation, aiming at explaining the dilemma that the traditional "principle of first sale" is applied to the network environment. The third part demonstrates that the first sales principle should be applied in the network environment from three aspects. First of all, the logical starting point of the "first sale principle" should be the "prohibition of abuse of rights" in the basic principles of civil law, rather than the so-called "right of issue", based on this conclusion, even though distribution rights cannot be applied in the network environment. It already has the possibility of applying the "principle of first sale". Secondly, by revealing the dual attributes of real right and intellectual property of digital works, In order to limit the abuse of power, it is reasonable to apply the "first sale principle" in the network environment. Finally, starting from the current situation of network technology development, it points out that technical measures are often used as tools for copyright owners to abuse their rights. At the same time, combined with the relevant cases in the United States and Europe, this paper reveals the development trend of the second-hand trading of digital works and the necessity of the property rights of the second-hand market of the digitized works, thus demonstrating the practical necessity of applying the "first sale principle" in the network environment. The fourth part, combined with the current situation of our country's legislation and the characteristics of network copyright, puts forward suggestions and references for the establishment of the "first sales principle" in our country's network environment.
【學位授予單位】：浙江工商大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.41

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