發(fā)布時間：2018-04-29 12:09

  本文選題：血管介入治療 + 三維可視化�。� 參考：《北京工業(yè)大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾年來，心血管疾病日益成為人們健康的重要殺手。每年有成百上千萬的人死于心血管疾病。放射介入療法目前已經(jīng)被廣泛的用于治療血管疾病，并成為最及時、最有效的方法之一。通過現(xiàn)有虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)，對血管內(nèi)導絲的運動進行了仿真模擬，有助于解決傳統(tǒng)介入手術(shù)醫(yī)生培訓無法在臨床環(huán)境下進行的問題。 本文詳細的介紹了虛擬血管介入手術(shù)培訓系統(tǒng)中的軟件部分，通過三維建模方法構(gòu)建虛擬的血管三維模型，以及手術(shù)器械(導管/導絲)，導絲在血管中實時的進行碰撞檢測，并在完成碰撞之后發(fā)生運動改變，而且通過質(zhì)點-彈簧模型算法對碰撞區(qū)域的導絲進行物理建模，，最終實現(xiàn)了基于MFC的軟件設(shè)計。三維血管模型與導絲模型的導入設(shè)計，是在3DSlicer開發(fā)軟件中擴展了VMTK開發(fā)包，其中集成了水平集分割算法，導入真實的人體心臟MRI圖像，選取分割區(qū)域，同時選取種子點，完成對心臟血管的分割，最終分割出一支右冠狀動脈血管。導絲與血管壁的碰撞檢測與碰撞消除的實現(xiàn)，首先提取局部三角面片信息，通過選擇以導絲首個分段的中心點為球心點坐標，以導絲首段分段的一半長度為半徑構(gòu)建一個三維虛擬球體，選取所有包含在球體內(nèi)部的三角面片信息，然后與首段導絲進行空間中的相交檢測完成碰撞檢測的過程。判斷碰撞檢測結(jié)果，如果發(fā)生碰撞，導絲運動方向即發(fā)生改變，并以發(fā)生碰撞的面片（血管模型的最小單元）作為反射面，經(jīng)反射后沿血管壁內(nèi)側(cè)反射角方向運動，確保導絲不會穿出血管。碰撞區(qū)域的導絲進行質(zhì)點-彈簧模型的物理建模方法，是將碰撞區(qū)域的導絲部分離散為一些由彈簧連接的質(zhì)點，每個質(zhì)點相互受到彈簧的作用力，并假設(shè)發(fā)生反射的質(zhì)點不僅受到前后兩個節(jié)點的彈簧拉力，而且收到了一個虛擬彈簧體的力，目的是為了改變導絲的平滑性。通過三個質(zhì)點對反射點的作用力改變它的空間坐標，完成導絲的物理建模。同時此部分還將質(zhì)點-彈簧模型應(yīng)用到血管跳動的模擬中，并提出了一種簡單的實現(xiàn)血管造影效果的方法。系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計實現(xiàn)了交互式操作界面，操作界面包括血管模型的顯示窗口，以及模擬導絲的前進與后退按鈕，其中實現(xiàn)了串口通信的功能，通過采集單片機傳送的位移信號，導絲實時改變運動狀態(tài)，并加入了力反饋信息。 虛擬血管內(nèi)導絲的運動仿真是血管內(nèi)介入手術(shù)培訓系統(tǒng)中重要的組成部分，能夠提供給醫(yī)生一個可重復操作的教學系統(tǒng)。本系統(tǒng)的成功研制對于建立擁有我國自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的醫(yī)學模擬教學系統(tǒng)具有積極的推動作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, cardiovascular disease has become an important killer of human health. Millions of people die of cardiovascular disease every year. Interventional radiotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of vascular diseases and has become one of the most timely and effective methods. By using the existing virtual reality technology, the motion of the intravascular guide wire is simulated, which is helpful to solve the problem that the traditional training of interventional surgeon can not be carried out in the clinical environment. In this paper, the software of virtual vascular interventional surgery training system is introduced in detail, and the virtual vascular 3D model is constructed by 3D modeling method, and the instrument (catheter / guide wire) is used to detect the collision in the blood vessel in real time. The motion changes after the collision is completed, and the physical modeling of the guide wire in the collision area is carried out by the mass-spring model algorithm. Finally, the software design based on MFC is realized. The import design of 3D vascular model and wire guide model is to extend the VMTK development kit in the 3DSlicer development software, which integrates the level set segmentation algorithm, imports the real human heart MRI image, selects the segmentation area, and selects the seed point. Complete the segmentation of the heart vessel, and finally segment a right coronary artery. In order to detect and eliminate the collision between the guide wire and the vascular wall, the information of the local triangular surface is extracted first, and the center point of the first segment of the guide wire is selected as the coordinate of the spherical center point. A three-dimensional virtual sphere is constructed with half the length of the first segment of the guide wire as the radius, and all the information of the triangle surface contained in the sphere is selected, and then the collision detection process is completed by intersecting with the leading wire in the space. Judging the result of collision detection, if the collision occurs, the direction of the guide wire will change, and the surface of the collision (the smallest unit of the vascular model) will be used as the reflective surface, and then it will move along the direction of the inner reflection angle of the vascular wall after reflection. Make sure the guide wire does not penetrate the blood vessel. The physical modeling method of the mass-spring model of the guide wire in the impact area is to discretize the guide wire part of the impact area into some mass connected by the spring, and each mass is subjected to the spring force each other. It is assumed that the reflected mass is not only subjected to the spring tension of the front and rear nodes, but also to the force of a virtual spring body, in order to change the smoothness of the guide wire. The physical modeling of the guide wire is completed by changing the spatial coordinates of the three particles acting on the reflection point. At the same time, the mass-spring model is applied to the simulation of blood vessel beating, and a simple method to realize the effect of angiography is proposed. The system software designs and implements the interactive operation interface, which includes the display window of blood vessel model, and the forward and backward buttons of analog guide wire. The function of serial port communication is realized, and the displacement signal transmitted by single chip microcomputer is collected. The guide wire changes the motion state in real time and adds force feedback information. The motion simulation of virtual intravascular guide wire is an important part of the training system of intravascular interventional surgery. It can provide a repeatable teaching system for doctors. The successful development of this system can promote the establishment of a medical simulation teaching system with independent intellectual property rights in China.
【學位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP391.9

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