公法視野下的傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-17 06:59
【摘要】：海洋是大自然賦予全人類的寶貴財(cái)富,是人類共有共享之“公共用物”。從最早有記錄的歷史起,人類就開始了探索海洋的冒險(xiǎn)歷程和開發(fā)海洋的文明征程,傳統(tǒng)漁民是人類開發(fā)利用海洋的先驅(qū),這一特殊群體沿海而居,以漁為生,在繁衍生息、世代更替的長期歷史過程中逐漸形成了耕海牧漁的獨(dú)特生活方式,其利用鄰近海域謀生的“習(xí)慣性”或日“世襲性”權(quán)利得到了周圍生活共同體的尊重、國際習(xí)慣法的承認(rèn)和多數(shù)沿海國國內(nèi)法及國家間雙邊協(xié)定的確認(rèn),但我國海洋與漁業(yè)相關(guān)立法對(duì)傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)的規(guī)定過于模糊,也沒有采取類似漁業(yè)權(quán)漁業(yè)的制度安排,對(duì)生計(jì)漁業(yè)和商業(yè)漁業(yè)作出區(qū)別性規(guī)定,致使傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)處于一種“準(zhǔn)法定權(quán)利”的尷尬狀態(tài)。隨著陸地資源、環(huán)境、人口問題的日益嚴(yán)峻,人類將發(fā)展的視野轉(zhuǎn)向了浩瀚而脆弱的海洋,海洋資源的價(jià)值和稀缺性日漸顯現(xiàn)。海洋具有資源多樣性和功能多宜性等特征,資源多樣性決定了海洋利用方式的多樣化,功能多宜性則意味著各種用海權(quán)之間的并存可能。在物權(quán)法的范疇內(nèi),一物之上不能并存同種類的物權(quán),但在海洋開發(fā)領(lǐng)域,在海洋這一特殊“公共用物”之上各種用海權(quán)利的交叉并存卻屬于常態(tài)。囿于法律地位的弱化和法律效力的模糊,傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)在與海域使用權(quán)、土地使用權(quán)、商業(yè)性漁業(yè)用海權(quán)的沖突和公益征用、使用權(quán)、商業(yè)性漁業(yè)用海權(quán)的關(guān)系作了深入辨析；后三章可稱為權(quán)利保障論,全面分析了傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)的實(shí)踐困境及其突圍路徑,深入探討了與傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)保障密切相關(guān)的行政補(bǔ)償相關(guān)法律問題,并結(jié)合我國漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際,就傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)的立法保障提出了切實(shí)可行的建議。第一章為“傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)基本法律問題探析”,分別對(duì)漁業(yè)權(quán)、海域使用權(quán)、傳統(tǒng)漁民及其用海權(quán)等概念進(jìn)行了辨析歸納,在梳理傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)發(fā)展脈絡(luò)和評(píng)析現(xiàn)有學(xué)說的基礎(chǔ)上,主要從公法學(xué)的視角,深入分析了傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)的獨(dú)立性、財(cái)產(chǎn)性、人身性和人權(quán)性特征,將其法律性質(zhì)界定為基于生存需要的環(huán)境資源利用權(quán),并就其類型、權(quán)利內(nèi)容和法律效力等分別進(jìn)行了論述。第二章為“傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)與海域”,分別對(duì)“內(nèi)水”、“領(lǐng)�！�、“毗連區(qū)”、“專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)”、“大陸架”和“公�！钡炔煌Ｓ虻漠a(chǎn)生演進(jìn)、邊界范圍和法律性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了敘評(píng),進(jìn)而就傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)在上述不同海域的存廢、類型和特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了論述,特別是對(duì)專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)之傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)的存在進(jìn)行了證成。第三章為“傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)與相關(guān)權(quán)利的沖突及解決”,結(jié)合相關(guān)案例,分別就傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)與海域使用權(quán)的沖突、與土地使用權(quán)的糾紛、與商業(yè)性漁業(yè)用海權(quán)的混同進(jìn)行了由表及里、由淺入深的分析,重點(diǎn)從制度層面探究沖突背后的深層次因素,在此基礎(chǔ)上分別提出了具有針對(duì)性的沖突協(xié)調(diào)對(duì)策。第四章為“傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)實(shí)踐困境解析”,分別就傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)行政征用困境、公益侵害困境、國家義務(wù)困境、海難救助困境等四種困境進(jìn)行了細(xì)致分析,歸納了各種困境的外在表現(xiàn),揭示了其內(nèi)在原因,進(jìn)而從立法、政策、執(zhí)法、司法等不同角度就困境突圍路徑提出了建設(shè)性意見。第五章為“傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)行政補(bǔ)償法律問題探究”,在分析傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)行政補(bǔ)償?shù)睦碚摶A(chǔ)之后,對(duì)其基本原則和適用范圍作了探討論述,并從實(shí)踐角度著眼,分別對(duì)傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)行政補(bǔ)償?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)、方式、程序、救濟(jì)等問題作了深入探析。第六章為“傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)法律制度建構(gòu)”,系統(tǒng)梳理了與傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)相關(guān)的立法現(xiàn)狀,重點(diǎn)從概念界定、性質(zhì)歸屬、權(quán)利流轉(zhuǎn)、法律效力等方面就相關(guān)法條作了分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際和傳統(tǒng)漁民的生活狀態(tài),提出了加強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)漁民用海權(quán)保障的立法建議稿,并就立法建議的重要內(nèi)容作了闡釋說明。
[Abstract]:The sea is the precious wealth of nature to all mankind, and it is the shared "public goods" of mankind. From the earliest recorded history, mankind has begun to explore the adventure of the sea and to develop the civilization of the sea. The traditional fishermen are the forerunner of the exploitation and utilization of the ocean. During the long-term historical process of generation turnover, the unique way of life of the farming and animal husbandry is gradually formed, and the "habitual" or the daily "hereditary" right which is used to make a living in the adjacent sea area is respected by the surrounding living community, The recognition of customary international law and the recognition of the domestic and inter-State bilateral agreements of the majority of the coastal States, but the relevant legislation of the marine and fishery of our country is too vague to the provisions of the right of the traditional fishermen to use the sea power, nor does it adopt a system arrangement similar to the fishing right fishery, The mandatory provision of livelihood fisheries and commercial fisheries has led to the awkward position of traditional fishermen to use the right to sea in a quasi-legal right ". With the increasing severity of land resources, environment and population, the view of human development has turned to the vast and fragile ocean, and the value and scarcity of marine resources are becoming more and more evident. The ocean has the characteristics of resource diversity and function, the diversity of the resources determines the diversification of the way of utilization of the ocean, and the multi-function of the function means that the coexistence between the various uses of the sea power is possible. In the context of the property law, there is no co-existence of the same kind of real right above one object, but in the area of the development of the ocean, the cross-existence of various sea rights over the special "public goods" of the ocean is normal. In the light of the weakening of the legal status and the fuzziness of the legal effect, the traditional fishermen have an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the right to use of the sea area, the right to use the land, the right to use the sea power of the commercial fishery, the right to use the right and the commercial fishery, and the latter three chapters can be referred to as the right guarantee theory. The paper analyses the practical plight of the traditional fishermen's right to use the sea power and its surrounding path, and probes into the related legal problems of the administrative compensation which are closely related to the security of the traditional fishermen, and in combination with the actual production of the fishery production in our country, The practical suggestions are put forward on the legislative guarantee of the traditional fishermen's right to use the sea power. The first chapter makes an analysis of the basic legal issues of the sea power of the traditional fishermen, and analyzes the concepts such as the right of fishery, the use right of the sea area, the traditional fishermen and the use of the sea power, etc. The first chapter is on the basis of the development of the sea power of the traditional fishermen and the analysis of the existing theories, mainly from the perspective of the public law. In this paper, the independence, property, personal and human rights of the traditional fishermen's sea power are analyzed. The legal nature of the traditional fishermen is defined as the right of the environment resource utilization based on the survival needs, and the types, the rights and the legal effect are discussed respectively. The second chapter describes the evolution, boundary and legal nature of the different sea areas such as the inland water, the territorial sea, the contiguous area, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf and the high seas for the traditional fishermen's use of the sea power and the sea area. The types and characteristics of the exclusive economic zone are discussed, especially the existence of the sea power for the traditional fishermen in the exclusive economic zone. The third chapter is the "The Conflict and Solution of the Sea Power and the Rights of the Traditional Fishermen", in combination with the relevant cases, the conflicts between the right to use the sea power and the use right of the sea area, the dispute with the right to use the land, the blending of the sea power of the commercial fishery and the sea power of the commercial fishery are analyzed by the superficial and the deep, The focus of this paper is to explore the deep-seated factors behind the conflict from the system level, and then put forward the countermeasures of conflict coordination. The fourth chapter analyses the difficulties of the traditional fishermen's dilemma, such as the plight of the administrative expropriation of the sea power, the difficult situation of the public interest, the plight of the state's obligations, the difficulty in the rescue of the sea and the plight of the traditional fishermen. The different angles of law enforcement and the administration of justice put forward a constructive view on the path of the siege. The fifth chapter is the "A Study on the Legal Problems of the Traditional Fishermen's Administrative Compensation for Sea-power", after the analysis of the traditional fishermen's theoretical foundation of the administrative compensation of the sea power, the basic principles and the scope of application are discussed, and the standard, the way and the procedure of the traditional fishermen's administrative compensation for sea power are analyzed from the point of view of practice. The problems of relief and so on have been analyzed in depth. The sixth chapter is the "The Construction of the Legal System of the Sea-power of the Traditional Fishermen". The system has combed the current legislation status of the traditional fishermen's right to use the sea power, and analyzed the relevant laws from the aspects of the concept definition, the property ownership, the right circulation, the legal effect and so on. On this basis, In the light of the actual situation of the fishery production in our country and the traditional fishermen's living conditions, the legislative suggestions for strengthening the security of the traditional fishermen's rights to the sea are put forward, and the important contents of the legislative suggestions are explained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5
本文編號(hào)：2478899
[Abstract]:The sea is the precious wealth of nature to all mankind, and it is the shared "public goods" of mankind. From the earliest recorded history, mankind has begun to explore the adventure of the sea and to develop the civilization of the sea. The traditional fishermen are the forerunner of the exploitation and utilization of the ocean. During the long-term historical process of generation turnover, the unique way of life of the farming and animal husbandry is gradually formed, and the "habitual" or the daily "hereditary" right which is used to make a living in the adjacent sea area is respected by the surrounding living community, The recognition of customary international law and the recognition of the domestic and inter-State bilateral agreements of the majority of the coastal States, but the relevant legislation of the marine and fishery of our country is too vague to the provisions of the right of the traditional fishermen to use the sea power, nor does it adopt a system arrangement similar to the fishing right fishery, The mandatory provision of livelihood fisheries and commercial fisheries has led to the awkward position of traditional fishermen to use the right to sea in a quasi-legal right ". With the increasing severity of land resources, environment and population, the view of human development has turned to the vast and fragile ocean, and the value and scarcity of marine resources are becoming more and more evident. The ocean has the characteristics of resource diversity and function, the diversity of the resources determines the diversification of the way of utilization of the ocean, and the multi-function of the function means that the coexistence between the various uses of the sea power is possible. In the context of the property law, there is no co-existence of the same kind of real right above one object, but in the area of the development of the ocean, the cross-existence of various sea rights over the special "public goods" of the ocean is normal. In the light of the weakening of the legal status and the fuzziness of the legal effect, the traditional fishermen have an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the right to use of the sea area, the right to use the land, the right to use the sea power of the commercial fishery, the right to use the right and the commercial fishery, and the latter three chapters can be referred to as the right guarantee theory. The paper analyses the practical plight of the traditional fishermen's right to use the sea power and its surrounding path, and probes into the related legal problems of the administrative compensation which are closely related to the security of the traditional fishermen, and in combination with the actual production of the fishery production in our country, The practical suggestions are put forward on the legislative guarantee of the traditional fishermen's right to use the sea power. The first chapter makes an analysis of the basic legal issues of the sea power of the traditional fishermen, and analyzes the concepts such as the right of fishery, the use right of the sea area, the traditional fishermen and the use of the sea power, etc. The first chapter is on the basis of the development of the sea power of the traditional fishermen and the analysis of the existing theories, mainly from the perspective of the public law. In this paper, the independence, property, personal and human rights of the traditional fishermen's sea power are analyzed. The legal nature of the traditional fishermen is defined as the right of the environment resource utilization based on the survival needs, and the types, the rights and the legal effect are discussed respectively. The second chapter describes the evolution, boundary and legal nature of the different sea areas such as the inland water, the territorial sea, the contiguous area, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf and the high seas for the traditional fishermen's use of the sea power and the sea area. The types and characteristics of the exclusive economic zone are discussed, especially the existence of the sea power for the traditional fishermen in the exclusive economic zone. The third chapter is the "The Conflict and Solution of the Sea Power and the Rights of the Traditional Fishermen", in combination with the relevant cases, the conflicts between the right to use the sea power and the use right of the sea area, the dispute with the right to use the land, the blending of the sea power of the commercial fishery and the sea power of the commercial fishery are analyzed by the superficial and the deep, The focus of this paper is to explore the deep-seated factors behind the conflict from the system level, and then put forward the countermeasures of conflict coordination. The fourth chapter analyses the difficulties of the traditional fishermen's dilemma, such as the plight of the administrative expropriation of the sea power, the difficult situation of the public interest, the plight of the state's obligations, the difficulty in the rescue of the sea and the plight of the traditional fishermen. The different angles of law enforcement and the administration of justice put forward a constructive view on the path of the siege. The fifth chapter is the "A Study on the Legal Problems of the Traditional Fishermen's Administrative Compensation for Sea-power", after the analysis of the traditional fishermen's theoretical foundation of the administrative compensation of the sea power, the basic principles and the scope of application are discussed, and the standard, the way and the procedure of the traditional fishermen's administrative compensation for sea power are analyzed from the point of view of practice. The problems of relief and so on have been analyzed in depth. The sixth chapter is the "The Construction of the Legal System of the Sea-power of the Traditional Fishermen". The system has combed the current legislation status of the traditional fishermen's right to use the sea power, and analyzed the relevant laws from the aspects of the concept definition, the property ownership, the right circulation, the legal effect and so on. On this basis, In the light of the actual situation of the fishery production in our country and the traditional fishermen's living conditions, the legislative suggestions for strengthening the security of the traditional fishermen's rights to the sea are put forward, and the important contents of the legislative suggestions are explained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5
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