【摘要】：中菲南海爭(zhēng)端,主要是圍繞島礁主權(quán)歸屬及海域劃界問(wèn)題而引發(fā)的爭(zhēng)議。爭(zhēng)端始于20世紀(jì)50年代初,駐菲律賓蘇比克灣的美國(guó)軍隊(duì)無(wú)視中國(guó)主權(quán),擅自將黃巖島開(kāi)辟成為靶場(chǎng)。在此后超過(guò)半個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間里,中菲兩國(guó)就南海問(wèn)題不斷交涉,但始終沒(méi)有取得實(shí)質(zhì)性的成果,菲律賓也不顧中方勸阻,一次次做出侵犯中方主權(quán)的行為。為南海問(wèn)題建立長(zhǎng)效穩(wěn)固的法律機(jī)制是解決南海問(wèn)題的必由之路,也是雙方共同的需要。2013年3月26日,菲律賓單方面將南海爭(zhēng)端提交國(guó)際海洋法法庭,而國(guó)際法庭欲“強(qiáng)行”仲裁南海爭(zhēng)端。2013年4月初,中菲南海爭(zhēng)端并未提交至國(guó)際海洋法法庭,而是遵照《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》的規(guī)定,并在爭(zhēng)端一方菲律賓的要求下,進(jìn)入到爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制之一的“仲裁”程序中。中菲南海問(wèn)題的性質(zhì)如何,菲律賓是否可以將中菲南海爭(zhēng)端提交國(guó)際海洋法法庭,這一切的法律問(wèn)題都需要解決,這一切的問(wèn)題都是由于未能明確強(qiáng)制爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制的適用對(duì)象而導(dǎo)致的。中方堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為:菲律賓提請(qǐng)仲裁事項(xiàng)的實(shí)質(zhì)是南海部分島礁的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)問(wèn)題,超出《公約》的調(diào)整范圍,不涉及《公約》的解釋或適用;以談判方式解決有關(guān)爭(zhēng)端是中菲兩國(guó)通過(guò)雙邊文件和《南海各方行為宣言》所達(dá)成的協(xié)議,菲律賓單方面將中菲有關(guān)爭(zhēng)端提交強(qiáng)制仲裁違反國(guó)際法;即使菲律賓提出的仲裁事項(xiàng)涉及有關(guān)《公約》解釋或適用的問(wèn)題,也構(gòu)成中菲兩國(guó)海域劃界不可分割的組成部分,而中國(guó)已根據(jù)《公約》的規(guī)定于2006年作出聲明,將涉及海域劃界等事項(xiàng)的爭(zhēng)端排除適用仲裁等強(qiáng)制爭(zhēng)端解決程序。明確國(guó)際仲裁庭的管轄范圍,確定國(guó)際仲裁庭的行為是否違反了《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》的規(guī)定是判定中菲南海仲裁是否合法的前提和依據(jù),也是中國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)提供了參考。根據(jù)國(guó)際法,各國(guó)享有自主選擇爭(zhēng)端解決方式的權(quán)利。任何國(guó)際司法或仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)針對(duì)國(guó)家間爭(zhēng)端行使管轄權(quán)必須以當(dāng)事國(guó)的同意為基礎(chǔ),即“國(guó)家同意原則”。在具體的國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端解決中,國(guó)際仲裁法院對(duì)中菲南海爭(zhēng)端不具有管轄權(quán),國(guó)際仲裁法院的仲裁也無(wú)法為中方所接受。本文探討的一個(gè)重要話題就在于國(guó)際仲裁法院的管轄邊界在哪里?對(duì)于此次中菲南海爭(zhēng)端究竟是否有管轄權(quán)。只有明確了這個(gè)問(wèn)題才可以為我國(guó)的領(lǐng)土爭(zhēng)端提供有價(jià)值的參考,也可以為今后類似問(wèn)題的解決提供學(xué)理上的支持,使得相關(guān)理論更加的完善,為同類國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端的解決提供參考。
[Abstract]:The dispute over the South China Sea between China and the Philippines is mainly caused by disputes over the sovereignty of islands and reefs and the delimitation of maritime areas. The dispute began in the early 1950s, when American troops in Subek Bay, Philippines, ignored Chinese sovereignty and opened Huangyan Island as a shooting range. For more than half a century since then, China and the Philippines have repeatedly negotiated the South China Sea issue, but have never achieved substantial results, and the Philippines has repeatedly violated China's sovereignty despite China's dissuasion. The establishment of a long-term and stable legal mechanism for the South China Sea issue is the only way to resolve the South China Sea issue and also a common need for both sides. On 26 March 2013, the Philippines unilaterally referred the dispute in the South China Sea to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. In early April 2013, the South China Sea dispute between China and the Philippines was not referred to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, but in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and at the request of the Philippines, one of the parties to the dispute, Enter into the "arbitration" procedure of one of the dispute settlement mechanisms. What is the nature of the South China Sea issue between China and the Philippines and whether the Philippines can refer the dispute between China and the Philippines to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea? all these legal issues need to be resolved. All these problems are due to the failure to clarify the subject of the compulsory dispute settlement mechanism. China maintains that the substance of the matters submitted by the Philippines for arbitration is the territorial sovereignty of some islands and reefs in the South China Sea, which goes beyond the scope of adjustment of the Convention and does not involve the interpretation or application of the Convention; The settlement of the dispute through negotiation is an agreement reached between China and the Philippines through bilateral documents and the Declaration on the Conduct of the parties in the South China Sea. The Philippines unilaterally submitted the related dispute between China and the Philippines to compulsory arbitration in violation of international law; Even if the arbitration matter raised by the Philippines concerns issues relating to the interpretation or application of the Convention, it constitutes an integral part of the delimitation of maritime areas between China and the Philippines, and China has made a declaration in 2006 in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, Exclusion of disputes involving maritime delimitation and other matters subject to compulsory dispute settlement procedures such as arbitration. Clarifying the jurisdiction of the international arbitral tribunal and determining whether the conduct of the international arbitral tribunal is in violation of the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is the premise and basis for determining whether the arbitration in the South China Sea between China and the Philippines is lawful, and it is also a reference for China's response. Under international law, States have the right to choose their own dispute settlement methods. The exercise of jurisdiction by any international judicial or arbitral body in respect of disputes between States must be based on the consent of the parties, namely the principle of State consent. In the specific international dispute settlement, the International Arbitration Court has no jurisdiction over the South China Sea dispute between China and the Philippines, and the arbitration of the International Arbitration Court cannot be accepted by China. One of the important topics discussed in this paper is where is the jurisdictional boundary of the International Court of Arbitration? Whether or not there is jurisdiction over the Sino-Philippine dispute in the South China Sea. Only by clarifying this issue can we provide valuable reference for the territorial dispute in our country, and can also provide theoretical support for the settlement of similar problems in the future, so as to make the relevant theories more perfect. To provide reference for the settlement of similar international disputes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

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