發(fā)布時間：2018-05-01 02:22

  本文選題：氣候變化 + 氣候國際合作機制　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：氣候問題是當(dāng)今人類社會面臨的重要考驗，其關(guān)系到全球的發(fā)展問題，甚至是人類的生存問題。自1992年《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》以來共同但有區(qū)別責(zé)任原則逐步被確立為國際氣候合作的重要原則，1997年的《京都議定書》作為一項真正具備法律約束力的文件，完全貫徹了共同但有區(qū)別責(zé)任原則，原則的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用到了一個新的高度。但《京都議定書》自簽訂后，遭遇發(fā)達國家的重重阻力，尤其是2009年哥本哈根氣候大會以來，盡管每年氣候大會都在資金援助和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓等方面達成一定成果，卻無法通過有真正有拘束力的法律文，這說明共同但有區(qū)別責(zé)任原則往模糊方向的發(fā)展，其在氣候國際合作中的作用將有可能逐步降低，并且原則正面臨著各種新情況變化的挑戰(zhàn)。 筆者認為，共同但有區(qū)別責(zé)任原則目前還需要發(fā)展和完善，《京都議定書》確立的強制減排義務(wù)如果不能堅持，很難從根本上防止氣候問題的惡化，而《京都議定書》效力如果進一步退化，將極有可能導(dǎo)致整個氣候國際合作工作的倒退。從目前的情況看，氣候國際合作面臨很多新的困難，因此有必要對當(dāng)前的問題進行一定的總結(jié)，并尋求相應(yīng)的解決方法。 本文第一章為緒論，闡述選題來源及選題意義、國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀。第二章對新挑戰(zhàn)的客體——共同但有區(qū)別責(zé)任原則本身的涵義及其價值基礎(chǔ)進行分析，對其必要性進行論證，并將原則的產(chǎn)生于發(fā)展歷程做一個簡單整理。第三章對原則理論方面面臨的挑戰(zhàn)進行分析，包括氣候懷疑論的興起以及原則本身面臨的完善的壓力兩個方面。第四章對原則在政治方面遇到的新挑戰(zhàn)進行分析，包括發(fā)達國家的單方退出氣候國際合作機制的行為以及氣候談判中的僵局兩個方面，并從國際法制和國際政治兩個方面分析其產(chǎn)生的原因。第五章從經(jīng)濟方面分析原則受到的新挑戰(zhàn)，，包括2012年歐盟征收碳關(guān)稅表現(xiàn)出的單方貿(mào)易措施對原則的沖擊，以及企業(yè)在氣候國際合作中所起的阻力兩個方面，并分析背后產(chǎn)生的原因。第六章提出應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的措施。第一部分是具體的措施建議，首先從共同但有區(qū)別責(zé)任原則本身完善入手，其次是從國際環(huán)境法制的完善入手，第三是從國際政治的角度，強調(diào)南北國家間的對話與合作，第四從經(jīng)濟的角度提出完善碳排放市場機制的建議。第二部分提出我國在氣候應(yīng)對中應(yīng)該采取的立場，包括堅決維護共同但有區(qū)別責(zé)任原則，維護發(fā)展中國家的利益以及自身主動承擔(dān)與自己能力相符的責(zé)任幾個方面。
[Abstract]:Climate problem is an important test that human society faces today. It is related to the global development problem and even the human survival problem. Since the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change, the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities has gradually been established as an important principle of international climate cooperation and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol as a truly legally binding instrument, Full implementation of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, the development and application of the principle to a new height. However, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, it has encountered heavy resistance from developed countries, especially since the Copenhagen Climate Conference in 2009, although the annual climate conference has achieved certain results in terms of financial assistance and technology transfer. The inability to adopt a truly binding legal text suggests that the development of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in a vague direction will make it possible to gradually reduce its role in international cooperation on climate, And principles are facing the challenge of changing new circumstances. The author believes that the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities still needs to be developed and perfected at present. If the mandatory emission reduction obligations established in the Kyoto Protocol are not adhered to, it will be difficult to fundamentally prevent the deterioration of the climate problem. A further deterioration in the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol would most likely lead to a setback in international cooperation on climate as a whole. From the current situation, international climate cooperation faces many new difficulties, so it is necessary to summarize the current problems and seek corresponding solutions. The first chapter is the introduction, which explains the origin and significance of the topic, and the research status at home and abroad. The second chapter analyzes the meaning and value basis of the principle of common but differentiated responsibility, demonstrates its necessity, and makes a simple arrangement of its emergence in the course of development. The third chapter analyzes the challenges to the theory of principle, including the rise of climate scepticism and the pressure of perfection of the principle itself. Chapter IV analyses new political challenges to the principles, including the unilateral withdrawal of developed countries from the international climate cooperation mechanism and the stalemate in climate negotiations, And from the international legal system and international politics two aspects of analysis of its causes. Chapter V analyzes new challenges to the principles from the economic perspective, including the impact of unilateral trade measures imposed by the European Union on carbon tariffs in 2012, and the resistance of enterprises to international cooperation on climate. And analyze the reasons behind the production. Chapter VI proposes measures to deal with the challenges. The first part is specific measures, starting with the perfection of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities itself, the perfection of the international environmental legal system, and the third, the emphasis on dialogue and cooperation between the North and the South from the perspective of international politics. Fourth, from the economic point of view to improve the carbon emissions market mechanism. The second part puts forward our country's position in climate response, including firmly upholding the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, safeguarding the interests of developing countries and taking the initiative to take on the responsibility in line with our own capabilities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D996.9

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