發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-25 11:10

  本文選題：商人習(xí)慣法 + 法律淵源��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：商人習(xí)慣法是在全球市場的大背景下產(chǎn)生,旨在克服傳統(tǒng)沖突法制度在解決國際民商事糾紛的局限。商人習(xí)慣法“便捷”、“靈活”的特點(diǎn)適應(yīng)了國際商事實(shí)踐的需要,因此在國際商事實(shí)踐中的適用也越來越頻繁。商人習(xí)慣法自身具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)踐理性,這是商人習(xí)慣法與生俱來的特點(diǎn)。商人習(xí)慣法在實(shí)踐中能否適用,以及在何種程度上適用是學(xué)術(shù)界和實(shí)務(wù)界共同關(guān)注的問題,也是爭論比較大的問題。 隨著我國綜合國力的增強(qiáng),我國國際商事實(shí)踐有了長足的發(fā)展,國際貿(mào)易糾紛也日漸增多。但是,我國商人習(xí)慣法的研究主要側(cè)重于理論方面,研究商人習(xí)慣法具體適用的著作比較少,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于我國國際商事實(shí)踐的發(fā)展。商人習(xí)慣法適用研究的缺乏不僅無益于我國的國際商事實(shí)踐,而且不利于商事習(xí)慣法理論的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。本文在微觀層面探討了商人習(xí)慣法在具體案例中的適用,在宏觀層面上探討了商人習(xí)慣法在全球范圍內(nèi)的適用情形以及存在的問題,希望對我國商人習(xí)慣法理論的發(fā)展提供有益的啟示。 本文主要分為六章： 第一章主要概述商人習(xí)慣法理論的發(fā)展以及新商人習(xí)慣法的界定。商人習(xí)慣法產(chǎn)生于西歐中世紀(jì),中世紀(jì)商人習(xí)慣法已具有一定程度的普遍性和自治性,并且發(fā)展出許多制度性的規(guī)定,出現(xiàn)了《阿馬爾菲表》、《海事法匯編》等成文化的商人習(xí)慣法,行商法院是適用商人習(xí)慣法的主要場所。新商人習(xí)慣法是在全球市場的大背景下產(chǎn)生,旨在克服傳統(tǒng)沖突法制度在解決國際民商事糾紛的局限。Schmitthoff與Goldman是新商人習(xí)慣法理論的兩個(gè)奠基人,二者在商人習(xí)慣法內(nèi)容的界定上采取了不同的基本路徑,Schmitthoff強(qiáng)調(diào)商人習(xí)慣法淵源包括國家法淵源和非國家淵源,而Goldman則堅(jiān)持商人習(xí)慣法的無國家性。 第二章主要介紹了商人習(xí)慣法的淵源。商人習(xí)慣法的淵源關(guān)系到商人習(xí)慣法的適用。目前,商人習(xí)慣法的淵源主要包括國際商事條約、一般法律原則、國際商事慣例和國際商事習(xí)慣、國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合同以及國際商事仲裁裁決等。 第三章是關(guān)于商人習(xí)慣法在具體案例中的適用研究。該部分足本文的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,探討了商人習(xí)慣法在具體案例中的適用方式,以及商人習(xí)慣法的主要淵源在具體案例中的適用。在一些具體案例中,商人習(xí)慣法已具有了強(qiáng)制適用的性質(zhì),即仲裁員可以排除當(dāng)事人選扦的國內(nèi)法,或者依據(jù)沖突規(guī)則確定的國內(nèi)法的適用,直接適用更為適當(dāng)?shù)纳倘肆?xí)慣法。商人習(xí)慣法的主要淵源在具體案例中的適用具有很大的不平衡性,一般法律原則適用的最普遍,并且商人習(xí)慣法的具體內(nèi)容往往需要仲裁員結(jié)合具體案例來確定。 第四章通過UNIDROIT調(diào)查和CENTRAL調(diào)查,介紹了商人習(xí)慣法在全球范圍內(nèi)的適用。該部分是本文的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示,商人習(xí)慣法主要在國際合同領(lǐng)域和國際商事仲裁領(lǐng)域適用較多,《UNIDROIT國際商事合同通則》是適用最為成功的范例,并且商人習(xí)慣法適用功能具有多元化。同時(shí),調(diào)查也反映了影響商人習(xí)慣法適用的一個(gè)不容忽視的因素,即商人習(xí)慣法信息與實(shí)踐的缺乏。 第五章對促進(jìn)商人習(xí)慣法的適用提出一些建議。主要包括促進(jìn)商人習(xí)慣法的法典化、統(tǒng)一化,改善商人習(xí)慣法的不確定性問題,注重對具體領(lǐng)域商人習(xí)慣法的研究,以及商人習(xí)慣法的實(shí)證研究,擴(kuò)大對商人習(xí)慣法的宣傳,改革我國當(dāng)下的法學(xué)教育等方面。 第六章介紹了商人習(xí)慣法在我國的適用,并針對我國商人習(xí)慣法的適用提出自己的建議。我國立法以及司法實(shí)踐對商人習(xí)慣法的態(tài)度比較謹(jǐn)慎,商人習(xí)慣法在我國的適用范圍以及適用順序都存在很在的限制。在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化背景下,我國應(yīng)以更加寬容的態(tài)度接受商人習(xí)慣法,從商人習(xí)慣法發(fā)展較為成熟的領(lǐng)域大膽進(jìn)行適用。
[Abstract]:The customary law of businessmen is produced in the background of the global market, which aims to overcome the limitations of the traditional conflict law system in solving the international civil and commercial disputes. The customary law of businessmen is "convenient" and "flexible" adapted to the needs of international commercial practice, so it has become more and more frequently used in international commercial practice. The customary law of the merchant has its own law. A strong practical reason is the inherent characteristic of the customary law of the merchant. Whether the customary law of the merchant can be applied in practice and to what extent it applies is the common concern of the academic and practical circles, and it is also a big issue in the debate.
With the strengthening of China's comprehensive national strength, the international commercial practice has made great progress in our country, and the international trade disputes are increasing. However, the research on customary law of businessmen in our country mainly focuses on the theoretical aspects. There are few works to study the customary law of businessmen, far behind the development of the international commercial practice in our country. The lack of research not only does not benefit the international commercial practice of our country, but also is not conducive to the further development of the commercial customary law theory. This paper probes into the application of the customary law of merchants in the specific cases at the micro level, and probes into the application and existing problems of the customary law in the world at the macro level. The development of the theory of customary law provides beneficial enlightenment for Chinese businessmen.
This article is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter mainly outlines the development of the merchant's customary law theory and the definition of the customary law of the new merchants. The customary law of businessmen is born in the middle ages of Western Europe. The customary law of the merchants in the middle ages has a certain degree of universality and autonomy, and has developed many institutional provisions, and the merchants of the Amalfi table, the assembler of maritime law and other cultures have appeared. People's customary law, the commercial court is the main place to apply the customary law of businessmen. The customary law of the new merchants is produced in the big background of the global market. The aim is to overcome the limitations of the traditional conflict law system in solving the international civil and commercial disputes..Schmitthoff and Goldman are the two founders of the new businessman's customary law theory, and the two are in the boundary of the customary law of the merchant. Different basic paths have been adopted, and Schmitthoff emphasizes that the origin of customary law of merchants includes the origin of national law and the origin of non state, while Goldman adheres to the non state nature of the customary law of the merchant.
The second chapter mainly introduces the origin of the customary law of the merchant. The origin of the customary law of the merchant is related to the application of the customary law of the merchant. At present, the origin of the customary law of the merchant includes international commercial treaties, general legal principles, international commercial practice and international commercial habits, international standard contracts and international commercial arbitral awards.
The third chapter is about the applicable research on the customary law of merchants in specific cases. The key content of this part of the article is to discuss the applicable ways of the customary law of merchants in specific cases, as well as the application of the main origins of the customary law of merchants in specific cases. In some specific cases, the customary law of the merchant has had a compulsory and applicable nature, That is to say, the secondary staff can exclude the domestic law of the party selecting cuttage, or according to the application of the domestic law determined by the rules of the conflict, and directly apply the more appropriate customary law of the merchant. The main origin of the customary law of the merchant has great imbalances in the application of the specific cases, the most common application of the general law, and the concrete of the customary law of the merchant. Content often requires arbitrators to identify cases with specific cases.
The fourth chapter introduces the application of customary law in the world through the UNIDROIT survey and the CENTRAL survey. This part is the key content of this article. The survey data shows that the customary law of the merchant is mainly applied in the field of international contract and international commercial arbitration, and the general rules of the The fifth chapter puts forward some suggestions on promoting the application of customary law of merchants, including the codification of the customary law of merchants, the unification, the improvement of the uncertainty of the customary law of businessmen, the study of the customary law of businessmen in specific fields, the empirical study of the customary law of merchants, the expansion of the publicity of the customary law of merchants and the reform of the present China. Legal education and other aspects.
The sixth chapter introduces the application of customary law of merchants in our country, and puts forward their own suggestions on the application of customary law in our country. The attitude of our country's legislation and judicial practice to the customary law of merchants is more prudent, and the customary law of merchants is limited in the scope of application and the order of application of our country. Under the background of economic globalization, our country is in the context of economic globalization. We should accept the customary law of businessmen in a more tolerant way and make bold application from the more mature areas of customary law.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D997.4

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本文編號(hào)：1801062

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