發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-01 15:08

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 委托核實(shí) 實(shí)質(zhì)審查 法律真實(shí)　出處：《中國(guó)政法大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：公證是公證機(jī)構(gòu)根據(jù)自然人、法人或者其他組織的申請(qǐng),依照法定程序?qū)γ袷路�律行為、有法律意義的事實(shí)和文書(shū)的真實(shí)性、合法性予以證明的活動(dòng)。1在公證活動(dòng)中,證明是公證最基本、最核心的內(nèi)容。國(guó)家為了保障公證證明的質(zhì)量,提高公證文書(shū)的公信力,在公證法律制度中規(guī)定了公證機(jī)構(gòu)的審查程序。 隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的深入發(fā)展,國(guó)家對(duì)公證審查程序的規(guī)定,也幾多變化。在1982年施行的《公證暫行條例》第19條中,立法機(jī)關(guān)規(guī)定,公證處對(duì)當(dāng)事人提供的證明,認(rèn)為不完備或有疑義時(shí),有權(quán)向有關(guān)單位、個(gè)人調(diào)查,索取有關(guān)證件和材料。在調(diào)查中,有關(guān)單位、個(gè)人有義務(wù)給予協(xié)助。2而在2006年施行的《公證法》第29條中,立法機(jī)關(guān)卻規(guī)定,公證機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)申請(qǐng)公證的事項(xiàng)以及當(dāng)事人提供的證明材料,按照有關(guān)辦證規(guī)則需要核實(shí)或者對(duì)其有疑義的,應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行核實(shí),或者委托異地公證機(jī)構(gòu)代為核實(shí),有關(guān)單位或者個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)依法予以協(xié)助。3據(jù)此,在審查程序中,《公證法》將《公證暫行條例》規(guī)定的調(diào)查權(quán)修改為核實(shí)權(quán)。也由此,核實(shí)權(quán)第一次在中國(guó)的公證法律中確立下來(lái)。核實(shí)權(quán)的確立不僅是公證本質(zhì)的回歸,也是對(duì)公證職能的準(zhǔn)確解讀,具有十分重要的意義。但是,目前我國(guó)公證法對(duì)核實(shí)權(quán)的規(guī)定過(guò)于籠統(tǒng),缺乏指導(dǎo)性和操作性,實(shí)踐中,公證機(jī)構(gòu)在行使核實(shí)權(quán)時(shí),往往遭遇障礙,核實(shí)難成為公證機(jī)構(gòu)普遍面臨的問(wèn)題。本文正是立足于這些與核實(shí)權(quán)有關(guān)的理論和實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題,對(duì)核實(shí)權(quán)進(jìn)行全面、系統(tǒng)的闡述。全文共四部分,其簡(jiǎn)要內(nèi)容如下: 第一章是對(duì)核實(shí)權(quán)一般理論的闡述。首先是核實(shí)權(quán)在中國(guó)的確立,主要通過(guò)立法的變遷、人們對(duì)立法變遷的爭(zhēng)議(公證機(jī)構(gòu)是應(yīng)當(dāng)享有核實(shí)權(quán)還是享有調(diào)查權(quán)存在著爭(zhēng)議)以及本文對(duì)這一爭(zhēng)議的觀點(diǎn)。接著闡述核實(shí)權(quán)的內(nèi)涵,即核實(shí)權(quán)是什么,核實(shí)權(quán)具有何種屬性。然后闡述核實(shí)權(quán)產(chǎn)生的理論基礎(chǔ),從交易安全和司法效率兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行理論基礎(chǔ)的闡述。 第二章是對(duì)核實(shí)程序的闡述。首先是核實(shí)的主體,根據(jù)不同的核實(shí)類型,確定不同的核實(shí)主體,即自己核實(shí)的主體是受理辦證申請(qǐng)的公證機(jī)構(gòu),委托核實(shí)的主體是受理辦證申請(qǐng)的公證機(jī)構(gòu)委托的公證機(jī)構(gòu)。接著闡述公證核實(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即公證在何種情形下進(jìn)行核實(shí)以及公證核實(shí)到何種程度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),明確了公證核實(shí)的條件和程度。最后,闡述了公證核實(shí)的方式,即公證機(jī)構(gòu)通過(guò)何種方式完成公證核實(shí)。根據(jù)不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可以將公證核實(shí)的方式分為不同的種類,包括對(duì)人核實(shí)和對(duì)物核實(shí)以及當(dāng)面核實(shí)和非當(dāng)面核實(shí)兩種。 第三章是對(duì)公證核實(shí)在實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題及原因進(jìn)行闡述和分析。首先闡述公證核實(shí)在實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題,包括公證機(jī)構(gòu)忽視核實(shí)、核實(shí)得不到相關(guān)單位和個(gè)人的配合以及因資料丟失、不全,公證機(jī)構(gòu)無(wú)法核實(shí)三種。然后分析產(chǎn)生這些問(wèn)題的原因,本文主要分析了五種原因,既有立法上的原因,也有相關(guān)主體意識(shí)上的原因,還有素質(zhì)方面的原因。 第四章針對(duì)核實(shí)權(quán)存在的問(wèn)題,提出有針對(duì)性的建議。首先是相關(guān)法律、法規(guī)的完善,包括辦證規(guī)則的制定、修改和廢除以及對(duì)公證法本身的完善等等;其次是暢通核實(shí)渠道、保障核實(shí)到位,包括聯(lián)合發(fā)文、加強(qiáng)溝通以及開(kāi)展檔案的信息化建設(shè);接著是強(qiáng)化公證的準(zhǔn)入以及培訓(xùn)機(jī)制,提高公證人員的業(yè)務(wù)技能和綜合素質(zhì);最后是加強(qiáng)公證賠償保障制度的建設(shè),保障因核實(shí)權(quán)行使不當(dāng)而遭受侵害的當(dāng)事人能夠得到賠償。
[Abstract]:Notarization is a notarization institution according to natural persons, legal persons or other organizations to apply, in accordance with the legal procedures of the civil legal act, the authenticity of the legal facts and documents to prove the legitimacy, the activity of.1 in the notary activities, that is the most basic notary, the core content of the country. In order to ensure the quality of notarization improve the credibility, notarization, the notary legal system in the provisions of the notarial examination procedures.
With the development of market economy, the provisions of the state of the notarial examination procedures, how many changes. In the 1982 implementation of the Interim Regulations of < nineteenth in the legislature of notarization, the notary office to prove the provisions provided by the parties, that are incomplete or ambiguous, have the right to the relevant units, personal investigation, obtain relevant documents and materials. The relevant units in the survey, and individuals have the obligation to render assistance to.2 in the 2006 implementation of the "Notarization Law > twenty-ninth, the legislature has provisions, proof of notarization institutions to apply for notarization matters as provided by the parties, in accordance with the relevant accreditation rules need to be verified or the doubt, shall to verify or entrust a notarization institution in a different place to verify the relevant units or individuals according to law shall assist.3 accordingly, in the review process," Notarization Law > Provisional Regulations > < notarial investigation to verify the right to modify Right. So, to establish the first nuclear power in the China. To verify the established notary legal rights is not only the essence of notarization is regression, accurate interpretation of the function of notarization, it has very important significance. However, the current provisions of the right to verify our country notarization law is too general, lack of guidance and operability in practice, in the exercise of nuclear power, a notary public, often encounter obstacles, verification difficult to become generally faced notary problem. This paper is based on these related to nuclear power theory and practice problems, full of nuclear power system in this paper. The paper consists of four parts, which are as follows:
The first chapter is the general theory of nuclear power in this paper. The first is to establish nuclear power in China, mainly through legislative changes, people debate on legislative changes (the notarial office is entitled nuclear power or enjoy the investigation right dispute) as well as the perspective on this issue. Then expound the connotation of nuclear power. What is the nuclear power, what kind of property right has verified. Then the theoretical basis of nuclear power generation, the theoretical basis from two aspects of transaction security and judicial efficiency in this paper.
The second chapter is to verify the program in this paper. The first is to verify the subject, according to the different types of verification, to determine the different verification subject, namely the subject is accepted to verify their notary permit application, the subject commissioned verification is entrusted to the admissibility of notarization institutions permit application of notarization institutions. Then introduces the notary verification standards that is, the notary and notary verification to verify the standard to the extent of the situations in which the conditions and degree of notary verification. Finally, elaborated the notary verification way, namely the notary public notary verification by the way in which to complete. According to different standards, can be notarized verification mode is divided into different types, including to verify and to verify and to verify and non face to face verification two.
The third chapter is to exist in the practice of notary verification and the reasons for the problems are described and analyzed. Firstly, the notary verification problems in practice, including the notarization institutions ignore verification, verification not related with units and individuals as a result of the loss of information, incomplete, the notary agency is unable to verify three reasons then. The analysis of these problems, this paper mainly analyzes the five kinds of reasons, both legislative reasons, there are reasons related to the subject consciousness, and quality reasons.
In the fourth chapter, the right to verify the existing problems, put forward some suggestions. The first is the relevant laws, regulations and perfect, including the development of accreditation rules, amendment and repeal of the notary law itself perfect and so on; second is unimpeded access for verification, security verification in place, including jointly issued a document to strengthen communication and information construction to carry out the archives; then strengthen notary access and training mechanism, improve the notary business skills and comprehensive quality; the last is to strengthen the construction of security system of notary compensation, due to improper use of nuclear power security and the violation of the parties to obtain compensation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D926.6

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本文編號(hào)：1482155