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TFDP3的表達(dá)調(diào)控及其對(duì)前列腺癌PC3細(xì)胞凋亡的影響

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-09-11 21:44
【摘要】:前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)在男性腫瘤中具有很高的發(fā)病率,在美國(guó)已成為男性癌癥死因中僅次于肺癌的第二大殺手[1]。傳統(tǒng)的臨床前列腺癌治療方法包括雄激素阻斷治療、手術(shù)治療和藥物去勢(shì)治療等。但是隨著時(shí)間的推移,幾乎全部患者的前列腺癌類型都將由激素依賴性轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉且蕾囆裕簿褪羌に胤且蕾囆郧傲邢侔?androgen independent prostate cancer,AIPC),使得原本激素依賴性的癌細(xì)胞增殖加速而不受低雄激素水平抑制,最終促進(jìn)了前列腺癌的進(jìn)展或轉(zhuǎn)移。到目前為止,對(duì)AIPC還尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)有效的治療辦法。但隨著現(xiàn)代分子生物學(xué)的發(fā)展,基因治療將有望成為癌癥治療的新的有效手段。因此闡明前列腺癌的分子發(fā)病機(jī)制及轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控機(jī)理具有重要的科學(xué)和臨床意義。 TFDP3是一個(gè)新的E2F1的直接調(diào)控因子。本課題組前期應(yīng)用組織芯片和原位雜交方法進(jìn)行了正常組織和癌組織的TFDP3表達(dá)分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,該基因并非所謂的睪丸/腫瘤特異的癌基因,而是廣泛表達(dá)于多種組織細(xì)胞。同時(shí),它的確在多種癌組織中表達(dá)增強(qiáng),尤其是相對(duì)于正常情況下不表達(dá)TFDP3的肝和前列腺組織中。研究表明TFDP3不僅可以抑制E2F1誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞增殖活性,而且可以抑制E2F1誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡的作用;可以誘導(dǎo)前列腺癌細(xì)胞的自噬作用;提高激素依賴的前列腺癌細(xì)胞LNCap的生存能力。TFDP3誘導(dǎo)的自噬功能和抗凋亡效應(yīng)極有可能是前列腺癌由激素依賴性向非依賴性轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵的自我保護(hù)機(jī)制之一。 本研究通過(guò)進(jìn)一步對(duì)TFDP3啟動(dòng)子區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)錄結(jié)合位點(diǎn)的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)TFDP3可能與E2F1轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本課題首先我們構(gòu)建了包含TFDP3基因啟動(dòng)子的熒光報(bào)告載體,從啟動(dòng)子水平證實(shí)了轉(zhuǎn)錄因子E2F1對(duì)TFDP3的調(diào)控作用,其次通過(guò)western-blot初步探索TFDP3在E2F1刺激下的蛋白水平的變化,并且利用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)在功能水平上證實(shí)了TFDP3與E2F1的相互作用對(duì)前列腺癌細(xì)胞凋亡所造成的影響。最后,通過(guò)免疫組化分析前列腺癌組織和正常組織中TFDP3和E2F1的表達(dá)水平,證明TFDP3和E2F1在前列腺癌組織中的表達(dá)水平相較于正常組織的表達(dá)水平均增高;同時(shí),隨著前列腺癌等級(jí)的增高,二者的表達(dá)水平也增強(qiáng),并且增高的趨勢(shì)相一致。主要研究結(jié)果如下: 1.首先,通過(guò)NCBI基因組數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)查找到TFDP3基因ATG上游約1064bp序列,并針對(duì)此序列設(shè)計(jì)引物。以人的前列腺癌PC3細(xì)胞基因組DNA為模板,采用PCR技術(shù)擴(kuò)增TFDP3啟動(dòng)子片段并克隆到pGL3-Basic熒光素酶報(bào)告基因上游多克隆位點(diǎn)處,在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建包含TFDP3基因啟動(dòng)子和熒光素酶報(bào)告基因的重組載體pGL3-TFDP3-promoter。最后,將構(gòu)建的重組載體pGL3-TFDP3-promoter轉(zhuǎn)染PC3細(xì)胞后,檢測(cè)熒光素酶的表達(dá)活性,以驗(yàn)證克隆的片斷存在TFDP3的啟動(dòng)子序列或轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控序列。 進(jìn)一步與E2F1表達(dá)載體共轉(zhuǎn)染PC3細(xì)胞后,TFDP3啟動(dòng)子誘導(dǎo)的熒光素酶活性較單獨(dú)轉(zhuǎn)染pGL3-TFDP3-promoter顯著升高(1.14±0.06vs0.61±0.05, P0.05),證明E2F1可誘導(dǎo)TFDP3轉(zhuǎn)錄。 2.通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)染E2F1表達(dá)載體pCMV-E2F1-HA于PC3細(xì)胞中,提取蛋白后,經(jīng)Western blot檢測(cè),得到以下實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果:相比未轉(zhuǎn)染組,轉(zhuǎn)染E2F1表達(dá)載體組的E2F1和TFDP3的表達(dá)均有所增加,IOD(TFDP3)/IOD(β-actin)約增加2.7倍(0.089±0.02vs0.24±0.03,P0.05)?梢(jiàn)E2F1對(duì)TFDP3的蛋白表達(dá)具有上調(diào)作用。 3.通過(guò)流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)TFDP3與E2F1相互作用對(duì)前列腺癌細(xì)胞凋亡的影響可以發(fā)現(xiàn):轉(zhuǎn)染E2F1表達(dá)載體后細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著上升(2.66%±0.001vs7.1%±0.003,P0.05),而與pcDNA3.1-TFDP3共轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞凋亡率明顯下降(7.1%±0.003vs4.92%±0.002,P 0.05)。因此,,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了TFDP3可以在一定程度上抑制由E2F1誘導(dǎo)的前列腺癌細(xì)胞凋亡。 4.通過(guò)免疫組化檢測(cè)前列腺癌組織標(biāo)本以及正常前列腺組織標(biāo)本中TFDP3和E2F1的表達(dá)情況,結(jié)果顯示:相較正常前列腺組織,前列腺癌組織中TFDP3和E2F1的表達(dá)水平均增強(qiáng),同時(shí)隨著前列腺癌等級(jí)的增高,TFDP3和E2F1的表達(dá)也隨之增長(zhǎng),并且二者的增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)相一致。 綜上所述,本研究通過(guò)構(gòu)建TFDP3啟動(dòng)子區(qū)熒光報(bào)告載體pGL3-TFDP3-promoter,并利用雙熒光素酶檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)及Western blot初步確定E2F1對(duì)TFDP3基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)具有轉(zhuǎn)錄水平和表達(dá)水平的調(diào)控作用,證明了E2F1參與該基因表達(dá)調(diào)控。此外通過(guò)免疫組化檢測(cè)正常前列腺組織和前列腺癌組織中TFDP3和E2F1表達(dá)水平,并結(jié)合流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)證實(shí)TFDP3可以結(jié)合E2F1進(jìn)而有效抑制前列腺癌細(xì)胞的凋亡,從而在保障前列腺癌細(xì)胞生存中發(fā)揮了重要作用。這一現(xiàn)象提示TFDP3可能通過(guò)抑制激素缺失條件下前列腺細(xì)胞的凋亡,從而促進(jìn)前列腺癌細(xì)胞的生存。
[Abstract]:Prostate cancer (PCa) has a high incidence in male tumors, and has become the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States after lung cancer [1].Traditional clinical treatments for prostate cancer include androgen blockade therapy, surgical treatment and drug castration. Hormone-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) can accelerate the proliferation of hormone-dependent cancer cells without being inhibited by low androgen levels, and ultimately promote the progression or metastasis of prostate cancer. However, with the development of modern molecular biology, gene therapy is expected to become a new and effective method for cancer treatment. Therefore, it is of great scientific and clinical significance to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis and transcriptional regulation mechanism of prostate cancer.
TFDP3 is a new direct regulator of E2F1. Our team used tissue microarray and in situ hybridization to analyze the expression of TFDP3 in normal and cancer tissues. It has been proved that TFDP3 is not a so-called testicular/tumor specific oncogene, but is widely expressed in a variety of tissues and cells. Increased expression in tissues, especially in liver and prostate tissues where TFDP3 is not normally expressed, has been shown to inhibit not only E2F1-induced cell proliferation but also E2F1-induced apoptosis, induce autophagy of prostate cancer cells, and enhance hormone-dependent prostate cancer. The autophagy and anti-apoptosis effects induced by TFDP3 may be one of the key self-protection mechanisms in the transition of prostate cancer from hormone dependence to non-dependence.
In this study, we further analyzed the transcriptional binding sites of TFDP3 promoter region and found that TFDP3 may bind to E2F1 transcription factors. On this basis, we first constructed a fluorescent reporter vector containing TFDP3 gene promoter, and confirmed the regulatory effect of transcription factor E2F1 on TFDP3 at promoter level. Secondly, Western-blo was used to investigate the role of TFDP3 transcription factor E2F1 in TFDP3 transcription. T preliminarily explored the changes of TFDP3 protein level stimulated by E2F1, and confirmed the effect of TFDP3-E2F1 interaction on apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by flow cytometry. Finally, the expression levels of TFDP3 and E2F1 in prostate cancer tissue and normal tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression level in prostate cancer tissues was higher than that in normal tissues. At the same time, with the increase of prostate cancer grade, the expression level of both increased, and the trend was consistent.
1. First, a sequence of about 1064bp upstream of ATG of TFDP3 gene was found by NCBI genomic database, and primers were designed for this sequence. Using human prostate cancer PC3 cell genomic DNA as template, TFDP3 promoter fragments were amplified by PCR and cloned to the upstream polyclonal site of pGL3-Basic luciferase reporter gene. The recombinant vector pGL3-TFDP3-promoter containing TFDP3 gene promoter and luciferase reporter gene. Finally, the constructed recombinant vector pGL3-TFDP3-promoter was transfected into PC3 cells and the luciferase expression activity was detected to verify the existence of TFDP3 promoter sequence or transcriptional regulatory sequence in the cloned fragment.
After co-transfection with E2F1 expression vector, the luciferase activity induced by TFDP3 promoter was significantly higher than that induced by pGL3-TFDP3-promoter alone (1.14 + 0.06vs0.61 + 0.05, P 0.05). It was demonstrated that E2F1 could induce TFDP3 transcription.
2. After transfection of E2F1 expression vector pCMV-E2F1-HA into PC3 cells, the protein was extracted and detected by Western blot. The results showed that the expression of E2F1 and TFDP3 was increased in the E2F1 expression vector group, and the expression of IOD (TFDP3) / IOD (beta-actin) was increased by 2.7 times (0.089 + 0.02vs0.24 + 0.03, P 0.05) compared with the untransfected group. The protein expression was up-regulated.
3. The effect of TFDP3-E2F1 interaction on apoptosis of prostate cancer cells was detected by flow cytometry. It was found that the apoptosis rate of prostate cancer cells increased significantly after transfection of E2F1 expression vector (2.66%+0.001 vs 7.1%+0.003, P 0.05), but decreased significantly after co-transfection with pcDNA3.1-TFDP3 (7.1%+0.003 vs 4.92%+0.002, P 0.05). The results showed that TFDP3 could inhibit the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells induced by E2F1 to some extent.
4. The expression of TFDP3 and E2F1 in prostate cancer tissue and normal prostate tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that compared with normal prostate tissue, the expression of TFDP3 and E2F1 in prostate cancer tissue were increased. At the same time, the expression of TFDP3 and E2F1 increased with the increase of prostate cancer grade. The growth trend of the two is the same.
To sum up, we constructed a fluorescent reporter vector pGL3-TFDP3-promoter for TFDP3 promoter region, and preliminarily determined that E2F1 could regulate the transcriptional and expression levels of TFDP3 promoter region by using dual luciferase detection system and Western blot, which proved that E2F1 was involved in the regulation of TFDP3 gene expression. The expression levels of TFDP3 and E2F1 in normal prostate tissue and prostate cancer tissue were measured. Flow cytometry showed that TFDP3 could bind to E2F1 and inhibit the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells effectively, thus playing an important role in protecting the survival of prostate cancer cells. The apoptosis of prostate cells promotes the survival of prostate cancer cells.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:R737.25

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