基于GIS和地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的武功山山地草甸土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-03 14:58
【摘要】：為研究江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市武功山山地草甸土壤養(yǎng)分的空間變異狀況,本文以武功山核心景區(qū)的金頂至吊馬樁區(qū)域塊狀山地草甸為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)武功山金頂景區(qū)草甸土壤上(0-20cm)和下(20-40cm)兩層土壤進(jìn)行采樣,并運(yùn)用ASI土壤養(yǎng)分狀況系統(tǒng)分析法測(cè)定,采用常規(guī)統(tǒng)計(jì)和地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)進(jìn)行了土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異分析研究,研究基于GIS進(jìn)行了克里金插值成圖,通過(guò)對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分的分布特征以及空間變異研究分析,細(xì)致的了解試驗(yàn)區(qū)草甸土壤養(yǎng)分狀況和揭示武功山試驗(yàn)區(qū)草甸土壤養(yǎng)分的空間變異規(guī)律,為武功山退化山地草甸恢復(fù)中的養(yǎng)分精準(zhǔn)管理和科學(xué)施肥提供重要依據(jù),為亞熱帶地區(qū)退化山地草甸植被恢復(fù)技術(shù)及豐富亞熱帶山地草甸養(yǎng)分管理理論提供借鑒和科學(xué)參考。主要分析結(jié)論如下:(1)武功山金頂試驗(yàn)區(qū)區(qū)域土壤養(yǎng)分描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果試驗(yàn)區(qū)草甸土壤總體上是偏酸性,土壤大體屬于2類(lèi)有機(jī)質(zhì)土壤,草甸土壤中的各種養(yǎng)分在草甸平面分布大都發(fā)生了局部不穩(wěn)定的現(xiàn)象,描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析草甸土壤養(yǎng)分不足以確切說(shuō)明該地區(qū)草甸養(yǎng)分狀況;基于ASI土壤養(yǎng)分分析系統(tǒng)的分級(jí)狀況,試驗(yàn)樣地草甸土壤中的大部分土壤養(yǎng)分元素含量總體處于偏低水平,除了草甸土壤中的速效氮(銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮之和)、有效鐵、有效硫在在土壤的垂直深度和有效鋅的在草甸土上層均表現(xiàn)為較為豐富的狀況,其他養(yǎng)分元素均表現(xiàn)為不同程度的缺乏狀態(tài),且大部分處于中等或重度缺乏的狀態(tài)。(2)武功山金頂試驗(yàn)區(qū)區(qū)域土壤養(yǎng)分空間變異分析結(jié)果試驗(yàn)區(qū)草甸的上層土壤各種養(yǎng)分的空間自相關(guān)距A0的從大到小的順序是:有機(jī)質(zhì)硝態(tài)氮200m有效錳=有效鈣=速效鉀有效銅100m有效鎂有效磷土壤pH有效硼有效硫30m銨態(tài)氮活性酸有效鐵有效鋅,最大的為有機(jī)質(zhì)的變程為474.6m,最小的為有效鋅為11.5m,變程小于30m的養(yǎng)分分別為銨態(tài)氮、活性酸、有效鐵、有效鋅;下層土壤各種養(yǎng)分的空間自相關(guān)距A0的從大到小的順序是:有效硼有機(jī)質(zhì)200m速效鉀=有效鈣活性酸硝態(tài)氮土壤pH100m有效鎂有效硫有效磷有效銅30m有效鋅銨態(tài)氮有效錳有效鐵,試驗(yàn)區(qū)草甸上、下層土壤養(yǎng)分的空間自相關(guān)距離比采樣距離大的養(yǎng)分占多數(shù),說(shuō)明本次取樣間距較為合理有效,大多數(shù)養(yǎng)分空間結(jié)構(gòu)較為區(qū)塊化,而銨態(tài)氮、有效鋅和有效鐵這三種養(yǎng)分在草甸土壤中的區(qū)塊化分布較弱。試驗(yàn)區(qū)草甸上層土壤中各種養(yǎng)分的空間自相關(guān)性系數(shù)(C0/C0+C)排序:有效錳有效鈣速效鉀75%有效銅硝態(tài)氮有機(jī)質(zhì)25%有效磷有效硫銨態(tài)氮活性酸有效鋅有效鎂有效鐵有效硼pH的趨勢(shì);試驗(yàn)區(qū)下層草甸各種土壤養(yǎng)分的空間自相關(guān)性系數(shù)(C0/C0+C)排序:有效鈣速效鉀75%有效硼硝態(tài)氮有機(jī)質(zhì)活性酸pH25%有效銅有效磷有效鋅有效鐵銨態(tài)氮有效硫有效錳有效鎂;試驗(yàn)區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分空間自相關(guān)性系數(shù)大于75%的區(qū)間中可以看出上層草甸土壤中有效錳、有效鈣、速效鉀,下層中有效鈣、速效鉀均屬于弱的空間相關(guān)性,說(shuō)明這些養(yǎng)分空間變異主要受到人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的影響,如旅游活動(dòng)、垃圾污染、人為放牧等;試驗(yàn)區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分空間自相關(guān)性系數(shù)小于25%的區(qū)間中,上層草甸土壤中有效磷、有效硫、銨態(tài)氮、活性酸、有效鋅、有效鎂、有效鐵、有效硼和pH,下層草甸土壤中有效銅、有效磷、有效鋅、有效鐵、銨態(tài)氮、有效硫、有效錳、有效鎂均表現(xiàn)為空間相關(guān)性強(qiáng),說(shuō)明影響其養(yǎng)分空間變異的主要因素是自然因素,如山體氣候、地形等;總體上看目前武功山主景區(qū)試驗(yàn)區(qū)山地草甸主要土壤養(yǎng)分受到自然因素影響的比例稍大于人類(lèi)因素,但人類(lèi)活動(dòng)對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分空間結(jié)構(gòu)影響劇烈,不容忽視。(3)武功山金頂試驗(yàn)區(qū)區(qū)域土壤養(yǎng)分空間插值圖分析結(jié)果通過(guò)普通克里格空間插值,選用最佳的插值模型進(jìn)行處理,繪制出上下兩層土壤各種養(yǎng)分在金頂區(qū)和吊馬樁區(qū)以及中間的V型谷的空間變異分布,出圖呈現(xiàn)出兩層土壤養(yǎng)分在金頂、吊馬樁和V型谷之間都具有地區(qū)差異性,且在金頂?shù)哪媳睎|西四個(gè)方向的坡地也有差異性分布,多種養(yǎng)分在金頂?shù)穆糜谓?jīng)營(yíng)區(qū)和正常草甸區(qū)也有較大的差異,在金頂和V型谷均出現(xiàn)了含量較高的集中區(qū),在垂直深度上養(yǎng)分相關(guān)度較高,但上層土壤養(yǎng)分的碎片化分布程度稍高于下層,綜合分析,這種差異的原因主要為海拔、地形、旅游活動(dòng)、土壤垂直發(fā)育等因素(4)武功山金頂試驗(yàn)區(qū)區(qū)域土壤養(yǎng)分之間的相關(guān)分析結(jié)果武功山草甸的上、下層土壤中,除了有效硼和有效鐵大部分土壤養(yǎng)分之間存在著顯著或者極顯著的正或者負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,說(shuō)明養(yǎng)分之間的關(guān)系不是獨(dú)立存在的,而是相互影響和制約的,大量養(yǎng)分和微量的養(yǎng)分之間也存在密切相關(guān),這種互相關(guān)系有利于進(jìn)行養(yǎng)分管理工作,可以在具體的土壤的理化性質(zhì)改良時(shí)采取相應(yīng)的科學(xué)措施。
[Abstract]:In order to study the spatial variation of soil nutrients in the mountain meadows of Wugong Mountain in the Wugong Mountain, Jiangxi Province, this paper takes the gold-top of the core scenic spot of Wugong Mountain to the block-block mountain meadow in the area of the crane, and samples the two-layer soil (0-20cm) and the lower (20-40 cm) soil in the meadow soil of the Jinding scenic area of Wugong Mountain. In this paper, the analysis of soil nutrient spatial variation was carried out by using ASI soil nutrient condition system analysis method, and the analysis of soil nutrient spatial variation was carried out by conventional statistics and geostatistics. The soil nutrient status of the meadow soil and the spatial variation rule of the soil nutrients in the meadow soil in the Wugong Mountain are studied in detail, and the important basis for the accurate management of the nutrient and the scientific fertilization in the restoration of the degraded mountain meadow in the Wugong Mountain is provided. In order to provide reference and scientific reference for the vegetation restoration technology of degraded mountain meadows in the subtropical region and the theory of nutrient management in the rich and subtropical mountain meadows. The main results of the analysis are as follows: (1) The soil nutrient descriptive statistics and statistical analysis of the regional soil in the Jinding test area of Wugong Mountain are as follows: The soil nutrient of the meadow soil is not enough to indicate the nutrient status of the meadow in the meadow soil, and the soil nutrients in the meadow soil are not enough to indicate the nutrient status of the meadow in this area. The content of most of the soil nutrients in the soil of the test-like meadow is at a low level, in addition to the quick-acting nitrogen (and the sum of the nitrogen and the nitrate) of the meadow soil, the effective iron, The effective sulfur is rich in the vertical depth of the soil and the upper layer of the effective zinc in the upper layer of the meadow soil, and the other nutrient elements are in a lack of different degrees, and most of the effective sulfur is in the state of moderate or severe deficiency. (2) The spatial variation of soil nutrient spatial variation in the region of Jinding test area of Wugong Mountain is as follows: the effective amount of the effective amount of the active iron and the effective amount of the active iron is 474.6 m, the minimum amount of the effective zinc is 11.5m, and the nutrient content of less than 30 m is nitrite nitrogen, the active acid, the effective iron and the effective zinc; the order of the spatial self-correlation distance A0 of the various nutrients in the lower layer of the soil from large to small is that the effective boron organic matter is 200 m quick-acting potassium, the effective calcium active acid nitrate soil pH 100m is effective, the effective magnesium is effective, the effective copper is effective, the effective amount of the effective copper is 30 m, the effective amount of the effective zinc and the effective manganese is effectively iron, The spatial self-correlation distance of the soil nutrients in the upper and lower layers of the test area is higher than that of the sampling distance, which indicates that the sampling interval is more reasonable and effective, and most of the nutrient spatial structure is relatively block, and the nitrogen of the soil is high. The distribution of the effective zinc and the effective iron in the meadow soil is weak. The spatial self-correlation coefficient (C0/ C0 + C) of various nutrients in the upper soil of the meadows in the experimental area is sorted by the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective The spatial self-correlation coefficient (C0/ C0 + C) of various soil nutrients in the lower-layer meadow in the test area is sorted by the effective calcium quick-acting potassium 75% effective boron nitrate nitrogen organic matter active acid pH 25% effective copper effective zinc effective zinc effective zinc effective manganese effective magnesium; The self-correlation coefficient of soil nutrient space in the experimental area is more than 75%. It can be seen that the effective amount of manganese, effective calcium, available potassium in the soil of the upper-layer meadow, the effective calcium in the lower layer and the quick-acting potassium belong to the weak spatial correlation, which indicates that the spatial variation of these nutrients is mainly influenced by human activities. such as tourism activity, garbage pollution, artificial grazing, etc., the soil nutrient space of the experimental area is less than 25%, the effective phosphorus, the effective sulfur, the active acid, the active acid, the effective zinc, the effective magnesium, the effective iron, the effective boron and the pH in the upper-layer meadow soil, The effective copper, effective phosphorus, effective zinc, effective iron, nitrogen, effective sulfur, effective manganese and effective magnesium in the lower-layer meadow soil show that the spatial correlation is strong, and the main factors affecting the variation of nutrient space are natural factors, such as mountain climate, terrain and so on; In general, the proportion of the main soil nutrients in the mountain meadow in the main area of the main scenic area of the Wugong Mountain is slightly larger than that of the human factors, but the influence of human activities on the soil nutrient spatial structure can not be ignored. and (3) the analysis result of the soil nutrient spatial interpolation graph of the regional soil nutrient space in the Jinding test area of the Wugong Mountain is subjected to the ordinary Kriging space interpolation, and the optimal interpolation model is selected for processing, so that the spatial variation distribution of the various nutrients of the upper and lower layers of soil in the golden top area and the hanging horse pile area and the middle V-type valley is drawn, The plot shows that the two layers of soil nutrients have regional differences between the gold top, the crane horse and the V-type valley, and the slope in the four directions of the north and the south of the gold roof also has a difference distribution, and a plurality of nutrients also have a great difference in the tourism operation area and the normal meadow area of the gold top, In both the Jinding and the V-type valley, the concentration area with high content is found, the nutrient correlation is high in the vertical depth, but the fragmentation distribution of the upper soil nutrient is slightly higher than that of the lower layer and the comprehensive analysis, the reason for this difference is mainly the altitude, the terrain, the tourism activity, The correlation analysis between soil nutrients in the area of Wugong Mountain Jinding test area and other factors (4) is that in the upper and lower soil of Wugong Mountain Meadow, there is a significant or very significant positive or negative correlation between the effective boron and most of the soil nutrients in the effective iron. the relationship between nutrients is not independent, but is influenced and restricted, and there is also a close relationship between a large amount of nutrients and a trace of nutrients, which is beneficial to the management of nutrients, And corresponding scientific measures can be taken when the physical and chemical properties of the specific soil are improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S812.2
[Abstract]:In order to study the spatial variation of soil nutrients in the mountain meadows of Wugong Mountain in the Wugong Mountain, Jiangxi Province, this paper takes the gold-top of the core scenic spot of Wugong Mountain to the block-block mountain meadow in the area of the crane, and samples the two-layer soil (0-20cm) and the lower (20-40 cm) soil in the meadow soil of the Jinding scenic area of Wugong Mountain. In this paper, the analysis of soil nutrient spatial variation was carried out by using ASI soil nutrient condition system analysis method, and the analysis of soil nutrient spatial variation was carried out by conventional statistics and geostatistics. The soil nutrient status of the meadow soil and the spatial variation rule of the soil nutrients in the meadow soil in the Wugong Mountain are studied in detail, and the important basis for the accurate management of the nutrient and the scientific fertilization in the restoration of the degraded mountain meadow in the Wugong Mountain is provided. In order to provide reference and scientific reference for the vegetation restoration technology of degraded mountain meadows in the subtropical region and the theory of nutrient management in the rich and subtropical mountain meadows. The main results of the analysis are as follows: (1) The soil nutrient descriptive statistics and statistical analysis of the regional soil in the Jinding test area of Wugong Mountain are as follows: The soil nutrient of the meadow soil is not enough to indicate the nutrient status of the meadow in the meadow soil, and the soil nutrients in the meadow soil are not enough to indicate the nutrient status of the meadow in this area. The content of most of the soil nutrients in the soil of the test-like meadow is at a low level, in addition to the quick-acting nitrogen (and the sum of the nitrogen and the nitrate) of the meadow soil, the effective iron, The effective sulfur is rich in the vertical depth of the soil and the upper layer of the effective zinc in the upper layer of the meadow soil, and the other nutrient elements are in a lack of different degrees, and most of the effective sulfur is in the state of moderate or severe deficiency. (2) The spatial variation of soil nutrient spatial variation in the region of Jinding test area of Wugong Mountain is as follows: the effective amount of the effective amount of the active iron and the effective amount of the active iron is 474.6 m, the minimum amount of the effective zinc is 11.5m, and the nutrient content of less than 30 m is nitrite nitrogen, the active acid, the effective iron and the effective zinc; the order of the spatial self-correlation distance A0 of the various nutrients in the lower layer of the soil from large to small is that the effective boron organic matter is 200 m quick-acting potassium, the effective calcium active acid nitrate soil pH 100m is effective, the effective magnesium is effective, the effective copper is effective, the effective amount of the effective copper is 30 m, the effective amount of the effective zinc and the effective manganese is effectively iron, The spatial self-correlation distance of the soil nutrients in the upper and lower layers of the test area is higher than that of the sampling distance, which indicates that the sampling interval is more reasonable and effective, and most of the nutrient spatial structure is relatively block, and the nitrogen of the soil is high. The distribution of the effective zinc and the effective iron in the meadow soil is weak. The spatial self-correlation coefficient (C0/ C0 + C) of various nutrients in the upper soil of the meadows in the experimental area is sorted by the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective amount of the effective The spatial self-correlation coefficient (C0/ C0 + C) of various soil nutrients in the lower-layer meadow in the test area is sorted by the effective calcium quick-acting potassium 75% effective boron nitrate nitrogen organic matter active acid pH 25% effective copper effective zinc effective zinc effective zinc effective manganese effective magnesium; The self-correlation coefficient of soil nutrient space in the experimental area is more than 75%. It can be seen that the effective amount of manganese, effective calcium, available potassium in the soil of the upper-layer meadow, the effective calcium in the lower layer and the quick-acting potassium belong to the weak spatial correlation, which indicates that the spatial variation of these nutrients is mainly influenced by human activities. such as tourism activity, garbage pollution, artificial grazing, etc., the soil nutrient space of the experimental area is less than 25%, the effective phosphorus, the effective sulfur, the active acid, the active acid, the effective zinc, the effective magnesium, the effective iron, the effective boron and the pH in the upper-layer meadow soil, The effective copper, effective phosphorus, effective zinc, effective iron, nitrogen, effective sulfur, effective manganese and effective magnesium in the lower-layer meadow soil show that the spatial correlation is strong, and the main factors affecting the variation of nutrient space are natural factors, such as mountain climate, terrain and so on; In general, the proportion of the main soil nutrients in the mountain meadow in the main area of the main scenic area of the Wugong Mountain is slightly larger than that of the human factors, but the influence of human activities on the soil nutrient spatial structure can not be ignored. and (3) the analysis result of the soil nutrient spatial interpolation graph of the regional soil nutrient space in the Jinding test area of the Wugong Mountain is subjected to the ordinary Kriging space interpolation, and the optimal interpolation model is selected for processing, so that the spatial variation distribution of the various nutrients of the upper and lower layers of soil in the golden top area and the hanging horse pile area and the middle V-type valley is drawn, The plot shows that the two layers of soil nutrients have regional differences between the gold top, the crane horse and the V-type valley, and the slope in the four directions of the north and the south of the gold roof also has a difference distribution, and a plurality of nutrients also have a great difference in the tourism operation area and the normal meadow area of the gold top, In both the Jinding and the V-type valley, the concentration area with high content is found, the nutrient correlation is high in the vertical depth, but the fragmentation distribution of the upper soil nutrient is slightly higher than that of the lower layer and the comprehensive analysis, the reason for this difference is mainly the altitude, the terrain, the tourism activity, The correlation analysis between soil nutrients in the area of Wugong Mountain Jinding test area and other factors (4) is that in the upper and lower soil of Wugong Mountain Meadow, there is a significant or very significant positive or negative correlation between the effective boron and most of the soil nutrients in the effective iron. the relationship between nutrients is not independent, but is influenced and restricted, and there is also a close relationship between a large amount of nutrients and a trace of nutrients, which is beneficial to the management of nutrients, And corresponding scientific measures can be taken when the physical and chemical properties of the specific soil are improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S812.2
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