發(fā)布時間：2018-06-24 11:03

  本文選題：花海 + 植物��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化進(jìn)程的持續(xù)加快,人民的生活水平不斷地提高與此同時生存的壓力也逐漸增加,人們對于放松身心的旅游需求得到了長足的發(fā)展。因此農(nóng)業(yè)觀光體驗活動得到快速發(fā)展,滿足了人們?nèi)找嫣岣叩膶τ谏�活質(zhì)量的追求。與此同時人們逐漸意識到豐富的農(nóng)業(yè)內(nèi)涵之于經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、政治、社會有著許多重要意義。農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整有利于在緩解能源危機(jī)的同時推動新的農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)業(yè)革命(如花卉產(chǎn)業(yè))、保護(hù)農(nóng)村自然生態(tài)環(huán)境、傳承地方歷史文化。恰逢我國花卉產(chǎn)業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展期,以及旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)與農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型期的快速發(fā)展時期,花海主題農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)園營運而生,實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)能結(jié)合的農(nóng)業(yè)新技術(shù)、多元化的產(chǎn)業(yè)核心,帶動農(nóng)林業(yè)實現(xiàn)新農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)型升級。人們希望通過這些產(chǎn)業(yè)放松身心、養(yǎng)生度假、平和心態(tài)。而在我國的農(nóng)業(yè)觀光生態(tài)園,雖然作為一種新興的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,具有良好的發(fā)展前景;但是,經(jīng)過20~30年的建設(shè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃,其發(fā)展仍然處于起步階段,在前期規(guī)劃、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計、經(jīng)營管理、導(dǎo)向需求等諸多方面存在一系列的問題,在一定程度上產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展受到限制與阻礙,與農(nóng)林業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級和新農(nóng)村建設(shè)的要求不相適應(yīng)。近年來在中國花海景觀發(fā)展迅猛,現(xiàn)已成為國內(nèi)花卉景觀構(gòu)建的新潮流,一時間全國各地如雨后春筍般發(fā)展出各種樣式、各種規(guī)模的花海景觀,大有燎原之勢。然而,大面積、大規(guī)模地快速的發(fā)展的背后,掩藏著諸多問題,若不及時進(jìn)行理論與實際的分析,尋找出解決這一問題的辦法,花海景觀在國內(nèi)的發(fā)展極有可能面臨斷崖式的衰退亦或大規(guī)模的消亡。本論文在研究國內(nèi)外花卉景觀、觀光農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)展、風(fēng)景園林學(xué)、生態(tài)學(xué)等相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了花海主題農(nóng)業(yè)觀光生態(tài)園植物景觀營造的方式方法,分析了產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)、市場導(dǎo)向、色彩心理、視線視角、旅游人文等的理論,對現(xiàn)有的花海觀光園問題進(jìn)行實地調(diào)研以及案例分析。結(jié)合嫩江平原齊齊哈爾梅里斯湖花海主題農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)園經(jīng)行實例驗證。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)在經(jīng)過調(diào)查研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在的花海類觀光園存在著許多問題,其主要原因有:建設(shè)重復(fù),缺少地域特色;景觀單一,缺少吸引力;花海觀賞期短,無法保持周年經(jīng)營;基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施差,缺乏人性化思考;規(guī)劃設(shè)計時缺乏生態(tài)保護(hù)意識,發(fā)現(xiàn)單獨的花海景觀發(fā)展艱難,以此為主題的綜合性農(nóng)業(yè)觀光生態(tài)園才是其長期穩(wěn)定,可持續(xù)發(fā)展的最佳選擇。在規(guī)劃還設(shè)計時要凸顯因地制宜、以人為本、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的環(huán)保生態(tài)觀點。(2)通過歸納與分析,總結(jié)出花海植物種植應(yīng)以鄉(xiāng)土樹種為基調(diào),搭配不同的形態(tài)、質(zhì)感、色彩、氣味、季相變化的宿根、一、二生草本花卉和觀賞草營造多元穩(wěn)定的自然植物群落,根據(jù)對于齊齊哈爾地區(qū)的植物調(diào)查,篩選出84種喬灌木,101種花卉,其中野生花卉66種,抗寒30種、耐蔭22種,6種野生藤本植物,22種觀賞草,進(jìn)行野生花卉引種馴化,使用馴化后的當(dāng)?shù)鼗ɑ艽钆溆^賞花卉遵循生物多樣性原則、景觀美學(xué)原則、經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則進(jìn)行景觀營造,其中選則功能性花卉64種。(3)在寒地花海主題農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)園的建設(shè)中,充分考慮生態(tài)技術(shù)的使用。利用“3R”、“3G”技術(shù),根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)厝�年日照時間長光照充分的自然條件建造生態(tài)停車場、光伏溫室,減少不可再生能源的消耗,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的同時達(dá)到能源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。在景觀場地建設(shè)時,適當(dāng)建造微地形,打造可匯集雨水的下凹綠地,道路兩側(cè)可適當(dāng)設(shè)置植物邊溝。做到建設(shè)景觀環(huán)境的同時減少污染,提高能源利用率,減輕環(huán)境壓力,獲得最大的整體效益。(4)根據(jù)以構(gòu)建的寒地花海主題農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)園景觀設(shè)計的理論體系,利用平原地貌優(yōu)勢,黑土地土壤環(huán)境優(yōu)勢打造新農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè),對于處于嫩江平原地區(qū)的齊齊哈爾梅里斯湖景區(qū)總體規(guī)劃設(shè)計即植物景觀設(shè)計做出立足于地域、產(chǎn)能結(jié)合、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的具于可操作性的實例印證,更具體直觀的表達(dá)出理論的外延。
[Abstract]:With the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process, the people's living standard is constantly increasing and the pressure of survival is increasing. People's demand for relaxing the body and mind has been greatly developed. Therefore, the agricultural sightseeing experience has been developed rapidly, which meets the people's daily improvement in the pursuit of quality of life. People gradually realize that the rich agricultural connotation has many important meanings in economy, culture, politics and society. The adjustment of agricultural structure helps to promote the new crop industry revolution (such as flower industry), protect the rural natural ecological environment and inherit the local historical culture at the same time of alleviating the energy crisis. It coincides with the rapid development of the flower industry in China. In the period of development, as well as the period of rapid development of the tourism industry and the transition period of agricultural transformation, the theme agricultural ecological garden of Huahai is born, and the new technology of agricultural production combined with production capacity is realized, and the core of diversified industries is the core of the agriculture and Forestry to bring about the transformation and upgrading of the new countryside. Agricultural sightseeing ecological garden, as one of the newly emerging agricultural industries, has good prospects for development; however, after 20~30 years of construction and development planning, its development is still in its infancy. There are a series of problems in many aspects, such as early planning, product design, management and demand, to a certain extent, the development of industry. The exhibition has been restricted and hindered by the transformation and upgrading of agroforestry and the requirements for the construction of new rural areas. In recent years, the landscape of the Chinese flower sea has been developing rapidly and has become a new trend in the construction of domestic flower landscape. There are many problems hidden behind the area and the rapid development of large scale. If we do not carry out the theoretical and practical analysis in time and find out the way to solve this problem, the development of Huahai landscape in China is very likely to face the decline of the cliff style or the mass extinction. On the basis of the related literature of landscape garden and ecology, this paper studies the ways and means of the plant landscape construction of the flower sea theme agricultural tourism ecological garden, analyzes the theory of industrial economy, market orientation, color psychology, sight view, tourism humanities and so on, and carries on the field investigation and case analysis on the existing problems of Huahai sightseeing garden. It combines with Nenjiang flat. The main results are as follows: (1) there are many problems in the flower sea sightseeing garden after investigation and study. The main reasons are: Construction repetition, lack of regional characteristics, single landscape, lack of attraction, short ornamental period of the flower sea, unable to maintain the annual operation; Poor basic facilities, lack of human thinking, lack of ecological protection awareness in planning and design, found that the development of a single flower landscape is difficult. The comprehensive agricultural tourism ecological garden based on this theme is the best choice for its long-term stability and sustainable development. (2) through induction and analysis, it is concluded that the planting of flower plants should be based on local tree species, with different forms, texture, color, odor, and seasonal change of the perennial root, one, two raw herbs and ornamental grass to create a multi stable natural plant community. According to the plant investigation in Qigihar area, 84 kinds of Joe irrigation are screened. Wood and 101 kinds of flowers, including 66 kinds of wild flowers, 30 kinds of cold resistant, 22 shade tolerant, 6 wild vines, 22 kinds of ornamental grass, the introduction and domestication of wild flowers, the use of domesticated local flowers and ornamental flowers to follow the principle of biodiversity, landscape aesthetics principle and economic principle, among which 64 kinds of functional flowers are selected. (3) In the construction of the theme agro ecological garden in the cold flower sea, the use of ecological technology is fully considered. Using "3R" and "3G" technology, the ecological parking field is built according to the full natural conditions of the sunshine in the whole year, and the photovoltaic greenhouse is built to reduce the consumption of non renewable energy, and to improve the economic benefit and achieve the sustainable development of energy. When the landscape site is built, the micro terrain is properly built to create a concave green space which can collect rainwater. The sides of the road can be properly set on both sides of the road. The landscape environment can be constructed to reduce pollution, improve the energy utilization rate, reduce the environmental pressure and obtain the maximum overall benefit. (4) according to the construction of the theme agro ecological landscape of the cold flower sea. The theoretical system of view design makes use of the advantages of plain geomorphology and the advantages of the black soil and soil environment to create a new agricultural industry. For the overall planning and design of the Qigihar Maurice Lake Scenic Area in the Nenjiang plain area, that is, the plant landscape design, which is based on the region, the combination of production capacity, and the sustainable development, is more specific and more specific. Intuitively express the extension of the theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU986.5

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