發(fā)布時間：2018-06-20 23:13

  本文選題：萬華巖 + 發(fā)育演化　； 參考：《廣西師范學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：萬華巖位于湖南省郴州市北湖區(qū),是我國開發(fā)較早的旅游洞穴。萬華巖洞穴內(nèi)具有類型豐富的巖溶景觀,但與南方巖溶區(qū)內(nèi)研究較為全面的洞穴而言,萬華巖洞穴成因方面的研究較少。筆者自2015年8至2016年4月,先后4次赴郴州萬華巖區(qū)域進(jìn)行野外地表調(diào)查,對其地下洞穴形態(tài)、構(gòu)造等方面特征進(jìn)行了實(shí)地的觀測,獲取了寶貴的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以自然地理?xiàng)l件和地質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)條件作為著手點(diǎn),探討萬華巖的洞穴成因并分析萬華巖發(fā)育演化過程及洞內(nèi)景觀分布特征。基于上述研究,提出對萬華巖洞穴旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的建議,探討巖溶洞穴的旅游發(fā)展方向,分析取得以下基礎(chǔ)結(jié)論:1.萬華巖是至今仍在發(fā)育的地下河洞穴系統(tǒng)。該洞穴系統(tǒng)規(guī)模較大,由一條主洞道和一條支洞道,以及連接它們的負(fù)地形組成。其洞道在不同程度的水蝕作用下,可分為洞穴大形態(tài)和洞穴小形態(tài)兩種形態(tài)。整體洞道形態(tài)呈廊道狀,局部截面呈廳堂式、峽谷狀等。在侵蝕-溶蝕作用影響下,具有四種洞穴小形態(tài)。2.萬華巖流域區(qū)域的地勢整體為南高北低。萬華巖洞穴系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育走向與其地下河的流向一致。說明萬華巖洞穴的發(fā)育演化受其地下河的發(fā)育演化影響。而其地下河的規(guī)模,又受地層、巖性、構(gòu)造等因素的影響。所以該洞穴的成因應(yīng)考慮其巖性、構(gòu)造、外源水等方面因素。3.萬華巖洞穴系統(tǒng)區(qū)域內(nèi),其巖性以北部沉積巖中的碳酸鹽巖為主,但又受到南部巖漿巖作用影響。以灰?guī)r及白云質(zhì)灰?guī)r為主的碳酸鹽巖地層為萬華巖洞穴的發(fā)育演化提供了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。在不同程度溶蝕-侵蝕作用下,萬華巖洞穴區(qū)域內(nèi)的碳酸鹽巖的溶解性存在差異。在可溶程度不同的情況下,其洞道結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)也有所不同。4.通過實(shí)測斷裂構(gòu)造數(shù)據(jù)可得,眾多斷裂構(gòu)造控制了萬華巖主通道的形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)及其延伸方向。不僅如此,各類不同的斷裂是聯(lián)系洞穴結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部與外界環(huán)境的重要環(huán)節(jié),影響著洞內(nèi)沉積物景觀的發(fā)育及演化。5.具有強(qiáng)溶蝕、侵蝕能力的外源水的加入對大型洞穴的發(fā)育具有相當(dāng)重要的意義。洞穴系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育演化與外源水的補(bǔ)給有關(guān)。而萬華巖現(xiàn)代地下河水主要來自于南部鐵坑水庫下游地表水的入滲和注入;支洞道發(fā)源于花崗巖與碳酸鹽巖接觸地帶,其地下河支流經(jīng)巖溶區(qū)后匯入主洞。6.萬華巖發(fā)育演化經(jīng)歷了兩大階段,即主洞道發(fā)育階段和支洞道發(fā)育階段。在萬華巖的主洞道具有較長的發(fā)育歷史,主要是在伏流階段形成的。而支洞道發(fā)育階段是由于構(gòu)造抬升,隨著排水基準(zhǔn)面的下降,地面開始了漏陷化,地表洼地、漏斗、落水洞和地面進(jìn)水洞等大量發(fā)育,因此地表水也逐步滲入地下,并開始形成、發(fā)育現(xiàn)在的支通道。同時,由于受到河上巖天坑崩塌和黑巖天坑崩塌影響,加上降水量的減少,導(dǎo)致了地表河道改道,進(jìn)入主洞道的水量大幅度減少,搬運(yùn)花崗巖等砂礫石的能力也減弱,以致支洞道的發(fā)育速度逐漸加快。而洞道內(nèi)的機(jī)械沉積物的分布也反映了不同時期的地下河水動力條件的強(qiáng)弱,進(jìn)而也可推斷主洞道與支洞道發(fā)育階段。7.萬華巖洞穴景觀受地下河發(fā)育演化影響較大。無論是侵蝕-溶蝕景觀還是次生沉積景觀,都以現(xiàn)代主洞道與支洞道匯合后的下游發(fā)育較多,其景觀價值分布與洞道內(nèi)斷裂構(gòu)造及外源水有著密切聯(lián)系。8.針對萬華巖洞穴旅游的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,現(xiàn)階段要:維護(hù)洞穴結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性,定期觀測洞穴內(nèi)部斷裂構(gòu)造;加強(qiáng)景區(qū)管理,避免人為因素對洞穴資源的破壞;撰寫具有個人特色的科普性導(dǎo)游詞,將傳統(tǒng)洞穴觀賞講解模式轉(zhuǎn)化為科普參與性知識講解模式。總之,要在洞穴環(huán)境承受力范圍內(nèi),對其洞穴資源進(jìn)行有效地保護(hù),使得萬華巖洞穴旅游在傳統(tǒng)模式向科普參與性模式轉(zhuǎn)變下的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Wanhua rock is located in the North Lake District of Chenzhou, Hunan province. It is an early tourist cave in China. There are rich karst landscapes in the Wanhua cave. But in the case of more comprehensive caves in the southern karst area, there are few studies on the genesis of Wanhua cave. From 8 to April 2016 2015, the author went to the Wanhua rock region of Chenzhou successively. The field surface survey is carried out to observe the characteristics of the underground cave morphology and structure, and the valuable basic data are obtained. On this basis, the genesis of the cave of Wanhua rock and the evolution process of the Wanhua rock and the distribution characteristics of the landscape in the cave are analyzed on the basis of the natural geographical conditions and the geological conditions as the starting point. On the basis of the above research, the suggestions for the sustainable development of the Wanhua cave tourism are put forward, and the development direction of the karst caves is discussed. The following basic conclusions are obtained: the 1. Wanhua rock is the underground river cave system which is still developing. The cave system is large scale, a main tunnel and a branch tunnel, and the negative topographic group connecting them. Under the action of water erosion to varying degrees, the tunnel can be divided into two forms of large form of cave and small form of cave. The shape of the whole tunnel is porch like, the local section is halls and Canyon like. Under the influence of erosion and erosion, the whole area of the small form of the.2. Wanhua area with four caves is low in the South High North and in the Wanhua cave. The evolution of the acupoint system is consistent with the flow direction of the underground river. It shows that the development and evolution of the Wanhua cave is influenced by the development and evolution of its underground river. The scale of the underground river is influenced by the formation, lithology, structure and other factors. Therefore, the genesis of the cave should be taken into consideration of its lithology, structure, and exogenous water, such as.3. Wanhua cave system area. The lithology in the region is dominated by carbonate rocks in the northern sedimentary rocks, but it is influenced by the southern magmatite. The carbonate rocks, mainly limestone and dolomitic limestone, provide the material basis for the development and evolution of the Wanhua cave. The dissolution of carbonate rocks in the Wanhua cave area under different degrees of erosion erosion In the case of different degree of solubility, the morphology of the tunnel structure is different and.4. can be obtained through the measured fracture structure data. Many fracture structures control the form, structure and extension direction of the main channel of Wanhua rock. Not only that, the different types of fracture are the important links of the internal and external environment of the cave structure. The development and evolution of the sediment landscape in the cave is strongly dissolved. The addition of the exogenous water of the erosive ability is of great significance to the development of the large caves. The development and evolution of the cave system is related to the supply of exogenous water. Wan Huayan's modern underground river water mainly comes from the infiltration and injection of the surface water downstream of the southern tierkeng reservoir. The branch channel originates from the contact zone of granite and carbonate rock, and its underground river branch flows through the karst area into the main cave.6. Wanhua rock development and evolution experience two stages, namely the main tunnel development stage and the branch tunnel development stage. In the main tunnel of Wanhua rock, the main tunnel has a long history history, mainly formed in the stage of the current of the current. The development stage is due to the tectonic uplift, with the fall of the drainage datum, the ground began to leak, the surface depressions, the funnel, the falling water hole and the ground water hole, and so on, the surface water also gradually infiltrated into the underground and began to form and developed the current channel. At the same time, it was affected by the collapse of the rock crater and the Blackrock crater collapse on the river. In addition, the decrease of precipitation leads to the diversion of the surface channel, the amount of water entering the main tunnel is greatly reduced, the ability of carrying granite and other sand gravel is weakened, and the development speed of the tunnel is accelerated gradually. The distribution of mechanical sediments in the tunnel also reflects the strength of the dynamic conditions of the underground river in different periods and then it can be pushed forward. The development and evolution of.7. Wanhua cave in the development stage of the broken main tunnel and the branch tunnel are greatly influenced by the development and evolution of the underground river. Both the erosion and erosion landscape and the secondary sedimentary landscape are more developed in the lower reaches of the modern main tunnel and the branch tunnel. The distribution of the landscape value is closely related to the fracture structure in the tunnel and the exogenous water, which is closely related to the.8.. At the present stage, the sustainable development of Wanhua rock cave tourism should be as follows: maintaining the stability of the cave structure, observing the internal fracture structure of the cave regularly, strengthening the management of the scenic spots, avoiding the destruction of the human factors to the cave resources, writing the popular popular tour guide words with personal characteristics, and transforming the traditional hole and point ornamental explanation model into the explanation of the participatory knowledge of the science popularization Model. In short, in the cave environment within the capacity, to effectively protect the cave resources, the Yan million cave tourism in the traditional mode to the sustainable development of Science in the pattern.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P901;P931.5

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