發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-20 13:48

  本文選題：干擾強(qiáng)度 + 杉木人工林　； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：間伐干擾對(duì)人工林生態(tài)服務(wù)功能過程影響的研究是當(dāng)今環(huán)境生態(tài)學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。本文以湖南會(huì)同縣11年生杉木人工林為研究對(duì)象,按不同干擾強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)了4種干擾措施(不干擾、15%弱度干擾、30%中度干擾、50%強(qiáng)度干擾),探討了不同干擾強(qiáng)度對(duì)杉木人工林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的林下植物多樣性、水環(huán)境、土壤環(huán)境、凋落物、林分結(jié)構(gòu)與碳動(dòng)態(tài)特征,以期獲得干擾措施提高杉木人工林生產(chǎn)力,改善人工林地的生態(tài)功能的準(zhǔn)確數(shù)據(jù),并為杉木人工林的優(yōu)化提供理論依據(jù)。本文的具體研究工作及成果可以歸納為以下五個(gè)方面：(1)干擾強(qiáng)度對(duì)杉木林下生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(林下微環(huán)境、林下植物多樣性和林下凋落物)的影響研究表明,不同干擾強(qiáng)度處理后的林下微環(huán)境因子隨季節(jié)和時(shí)間變化明顯,林下植物種類數(shù)量相對(duì)于對(duì)照區(qū)會(huì)明顯增加。杉木林林下植被以灌木和草本為主,而小喬木是比較少的。林下植被中的生物量表現(xiàn)為隨著干擾強(qiáng)度的增強(qiáng)而增大,并且與對(duì)照樣相比生物量都增加。隨著干擾強(qiáng)度的增強(qiáng),灌木植物層和草本植物層的蓋度和Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)都呈現(xiàn)增大的趨勢。隨著干擾強(qiáng)度的加大,林下凋落物的未分解層和半分解層單位面積生物量逐漸減小,然而林下凋落物分解層單位面積生物量隨著干擾強(qiáng)度的增大而增大。(第3章)(2)干擾能有效降低酸沉降的危害和減小地表徑流。會(huì)同杉木林生態(tài)觀測站所在區(qū)域的酸沉降非常嚴(yán)重,干擾區(qū)域的地表和地下徑流的pH值在干擾后會(huì)趨近于正常值,主要是由于干擾后的森林結(jié)構(gòu)得到改善,并且林下植被層、枯葉層和土壤會(huì)有效緩解了酸沉降的造成的危害。在不發(fā)生大暴雨和特大暴雨的情形下,干擾能有效減小地表徑流。在本研究范圍內(nèi),減少地表徑流和緩解酸沉降的效果隨著干擾強(qiáng)度的增大而增大。(第4章)(3)在干擾作用下,土壤性質(zhì)得到了明顯的改良。干擾使土壤結(jié)構(gòu)(孔隙度和容重)性質(zhì)得到改善,從而使得土壤的通氣性和透水性提高,進(jìn)而提高了土壤肥力。干擾顯著地增加了杉木林地土壤pH值,pH的提高可以增加營養(yǎng)元素的有效含量,從而增強(qiáng)土壤的肥力。同時(shí),干擾能夠引起土壤養(yǎng)分全量、土壤速效養(yǎng)分含量和土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的提高。在干擾作用下,過氧化氫酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性都有不同程度的增加。干擾對(duì)土壤酶活的作用隨季節(jié)的變化比較明顯,夏季和秋季的下,干擾作用非常顯著。干擾對(duì)土壤性質(zhì)的作用在淺層土壤中更加明顯,且在本研究中50%干擾強(qiáng)度的作用更加顯著。(第5章)(4)通過研究不同干擾強(qiáng)度對(duì)杉木林林分生長因子、林分生物產(chǎn)量、林分郁閉度和葉面積指數(shù)的影響,表明采取人工干擾措施有利于杉木林的生長。干擾可以增加杉木林林分的單株材積,綜合考慮株數(shù)以及單株材積,在不同干擾強(qiáng)度之下蓄積量表現(xiàn)為15%弱度干擾對(duì)照50%強(qiáng)度干擾30%中度干擾。不同干擾強(qiáng)度的林分樹枝和樹干材生物產(chǎn)量比未干擾林分大,在15%弱度干擾時(shí)樹枝和樹干材生物量占總生物產(chǎn)量的比率最大。(第6章)(5)不同的干擾強(qiáng)度對(duì)杉木林喬木層碳儲(chǔ)量的影響具有顯著差異。其中,單株碳儲(chǔ)量隨著干擾強(qiáng)度增加而增大,然而,單位面積的碳儲(chǔ)量則隨著干擾強(qiáng)度增加而下降。干擾后的灌木層和草本層的碳儲(chǔ)量都顯著地增加。同時(shí),凋落物層碳儲(chǔ)量增加較明顯。隨著干擾強(qiáng)度的增加,土壤總碳儲(chǔ)量呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢。不同干擾強(qiáng)度作用下,杉木林中土壤的呼吸速率強(qiáng)度大小依次為50%干擾15%干擾未干擾30%干擾。杉木林中的土壤呼吸隨季節(jié)的變化規(guī)律比較明顯,從4月到12月呼吸速率呈現(xiàn)先增后減的趨勢,在8月份的時(shí)候達(dá)到最大。(第7章)
[Abstract]:The study of the influence of thinning on the ecological service function process of plantation is one of the hotspots in the study of environmental ecology. In this paper, 4 kinds of interference measures (no interference, 15% weak interference, 30% moderate interference and 50% intensity interference) are designed for 11 year old Chinese Fir Plantation in Huitong County of Hunan. The intensity of the forest plant diversity, water environment, soil environment, litter, forest structure and carbon dynamic characteristics of Chinese fir plantation ecosystem, in order to obtain interference measures to improve the productivity of Chinese fir plantation, improve the ecological function of artificial forestland, and provide theoretical basis for the optimization of Chinese fir plantation. The work and results can be summed up in the following five aspects: (1) the effects of interference intensity on the sub forest ecosystem under forest (under forest micro environment, plant diversity under forest and litter under forest), the results show that the microenvironmental factors under different interference intensity changes with season and time, and the number of plant species under forest is relative to the control area. The lower vegetation in Cunninghamia lanceolata was dominated by shrubs and herbs, and small trees were less. The biomass in the undergrowth vegetation was increased with the enhancement of the interference intensity, and the biomass was increased. With the enhancement of the interference intensity, the coverage and Shannon-Wiener index of the shrub plant layer and herbaceous plant layer were both. With the increase of interference intensity, the biomass of undecomposed and semi decomposed layers in under forest litter decreased gradually, but the biomass of litter decomposition layer increased with the increase of interference intensity. (third) (2) interference could reduce the harm of acid deposition and reduce surface runoff. The acid settlement in the area where the forest ecological observation station is located is very serious. The pH value of the surface and underground runoff in the disturbed area will be close to the normal value after interference, mainly due to the improvement of the forest structure after interference, and the subsoil layer, the dead leaf layer and the soil will effectively alleviate the damage caused by acid settlement. In the case of heavy rainstorm, interference can effectively reduce surface runoff. In this study, the effect of reducing surface runoff and alleviating acid settlement increases with the increase of interference intensity. (fourth) (3) soil properties have been improved obviously under interference. Interference makes soil structure (porosity and bulk density) improved, so that interference can improve the properties of soil structure (porosity and bulk density). The soil fertility and soil fertility were improved, and soil fertility was enhanced. The soil pH value was significantly increased by interference. The increase of pH could increase the effective content of the nutrient elements and enhance the soil fertility. At the same time, the disturbance could cause the total soil nutrient, the content of soil soil available nutrients and the content of soil organic matter. Under interference, the activity of catalase, urease and protease increased in varying degrees. The effect of interference on soil enzyme activity was obvious with the change of season. The interference effect was very significant in summer and autumn. The effect of interference on soil properties was more obvious in shallow soil, and the effect of 50% interference intensity in this study More significant. (4) (fifth) (4) through the study of the effects of different interference intensity on the growth factor of Chinese fir forest, the biomass of stand, the canopy density and the leaf area index, it is shown that the artificial interference measures are beneficial to the growth of Chinese fir forest. The interference can increase the individual volume of the Chinese fir forest, considering the number of trees and the volume of individual trees, and not The storage volume under the same interference intensity is 15% weak degree interference and 50% intensity interference 30% moderate interference. The biomass of tree branches and tree stem wood with different interference intensity is larger than that of undisturbed forest. The ratio of tree stem and tree biomass to total biomass is the largest in 15% weak degree interference. (Sixth) (5) different interference intensity to Chinese fir forest There was a significant difference in the impact of carbon storage in the tree layer. Among them, the carbon reserves of single plant increased with the increase of interference intensity. However, the carbon reserves per unit area decreased with the increase of interference intensity. The carbon reserves in the shrub layer and the herb layer after interference increased significantly. Meanwhile, the carbon reserves in the litter layer increased significantly. With the interference intensity. In addition, the total soil carbon reserves showed an increasing trend. Under the effect of different interference intensity, the soil respiration rate in Chinese fir forest was 50% interference and 15% interference without interference of 30% interference. The change of soil respiration in Chinese fir forest was more obvious with the season, from April to December, the rate of respiration rate increased first and then decreased, in August. The time reaches the maximum. (the seventh chapter)

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S718.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 郭春蘭;;油茶林土壤微生物量氮和酶活性的時(shí)空變異與影響因素[J];江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2014年05期

2 田宇;岳中輝;郭立波;王慧一;姜楸W，

本文編號(hào)：1778027