發(fā)布時間：2018-04-20 12:22

  本文選題：水稻光溫敏核不育系 + 稻瘟病　； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：兩系法雜交水稻是我國發(fā)明的水稻雜種優(yōu)勢利用方法,與三系法雜交稻相比,兩系法雜交水稻育種環(huán)節(jié)減少、細胞質(zhì)多樣化、配組自由,易于選育優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)的組合,已經(jīng)成為我國雜交水稻的主要栽培類型,但是目前其抗病性并沒有明顯提高。在水稻光溫敏核不育系的選育中,育種家主要注重育性穩(wěn)定性、稻米品質(zhì)、配合力等方面的改良,使得目前許多兩系雜交水稻的稻瘟病和白葉枯病抗性較差,已嚴重影響我國的水稻生產(chǎn)。分子標記輔助選擇技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用,為有效改良水稻光溫敏核不育系的抗稻瘟病和抗白葉枯病提供了技術(shù)支持。本研究利用分子標記輔助選擇和基因聚合技術(shù),通過雜交、回交和復(fù)交,將抗稻瘟病基因Pi2和抗白葉枯病基因Xa7、Xa21和Xa23滲入到3個優(yōu)良的水稻光溫敏核不育系C815S、廣占63-4S和華328S背景中,創(chuàng)建了一系列稻瘟病和白葉枯病抗性得到明顯改良的光溫敏核不育系新材料,并通過冷水處理、人工氣候箱篩選、育性穩(wěn)定性鑒定、主要農(nóng)藝性狀和開花習(xí)性考察、稻米品質(zhì)分析、組合測配和產(chǎn)量比較試驗,獲得了以下研究結(jié)果:1.選育出性狀基本穩(wěn)定的光溫敏核不育系14個。其中攜帶Pi2基因抗稻瘟病的光溫敏核不育系5個,分別命名為華1032S、華1033S、華1034S、華1037S和華1035S;抗白葉枯病的不育系8個,分別是攜帶Xa7基因的華1017S,攜帶Xa23基因的華1006S和華1009S,同時攜帶Xa7和Xa21基因的華1002S、華1005S、華1010S和華1012S,同時攜帶Xa7和Xa23基因的華1001S;攜帶Pi2和Xa23基因同時抗稻瘟病和白葉枯病的不育系1個,華1015S。2.連續(xù)兩年在稻瘟病常發(fā)區(qū)的遠安和恩施自然誘發(fā)鑒定結(jié)果表明,5個攜帶Pi2基因的光溫敏核不育系,華1032S、華1033S、華1034S、華1037S和華1035S,稻瘟病抗性為中抗至高抗,同時攜帶Pi2和Xa23基因的華1015S,稻瘟病表現(xiàn)中感至抗,受體親本C815S和廣占63-4S均表現(xiàn)高感。以6個新選育的不育系與高感稻瘟病恢復(fù)系IR24配制的雜交組合,稻瘟病表現(xiàn)為中抗至抗,而受體親本C815S和廣占63-4S與IR24配制的組合表現(xiàn)中感至高感。用62個稻瘟病菌株人工接種鑒定葉瘟表明,6個新育成的不育系,稻瘟病抗性頻率在87.1%-98.4%之間,而C815S和廣占63-4S抗性頻率分別僅為33.9%和41.9%。ii3.人工接種白葉枯病菌株抗性鑒定結(jié)果表明,華1006S、華1009S、華1002S、華1005S、華1001S、華1010S、華1012S和華1015S等8個不育系,對PXO61、PXO99、GD1358、ZHE173、Fu J、YN24和He N11等7個菌株表現(xiàn)中抗至高抗,而受體親本C815S對7個菌株表現(xiàn)中感至感,廣占63-4S除了抗He N11菌株以外,中感或感其他6個菌株。以上8個不育系與感白葉枯病的恢復(fù)系IR24所配制的雜交組合,除了中感個別菌株以外,對大多數(shù)菌株都表現(xiàn)中抗至高抗,而C815S和廣占63-4S與IR24配制的組合對7個菌株都表現(xiàn)中感至高感。華1017S(僅攜帶Xa7基因)感PXO99,中感Fu J和Yu N24,高抗ZHE173、抗PXO61和GD1358、中抗He N11,其所配雜交組合也有相似的表現(xiàn)。4.人工氣候箱育性鑒定結(jié)果表明,華1006S、華1009S、華1002S、華1037S、華1034S、華1012S、華1035S、華1015S和華1017S等9個不育系的育性轉(zhuǎn)換臨界溫度與受體親本C815S和廣占63-4S相似,都小于22℃;華1005S和華1010S的育性轉(zhuǎn)換臨界溫度處于22℃和23℃之間;華1032S和華1033S的育性轉(zhuǎn)換臨界溫度在23℃和24℃之間;華1001S的育性轉(zhuǎn)換臨界溫度高于24℃。5.武漢自然條件下的育性動態(tài)觀察表明,華1006S、華1009S、華1002S、華1037S、華1034S、華1012S、華1035S、華1015S、華1017S、華1005S、華1032S和華1033S等12個不育系的穩(wěn)定不育期為71-88d,與其各自輪回親本相似。華1010S和華1001S的穩(wěn)定不育期分別為61d和52d,明顯短于受體親本C815S和廣占63-4S。6.生育特性觀察表明,14個新選育的不育系平均播始歷期為83-92d,與受體親本C815S、廣占63-4S和華328S相似。在武漢不育期的主要農(nóng)藝性狀考察表明,華1034S、華1015S和華1017S的株高分別高于受體親本C815S、廣占63-4S和華328S,其余不育系的主要農(nóng)藝性狀與受體親本相似。在海南冬季可育期的主要農(nóng)藝性狀考察表明,華1002S、華1034S和華1017S的株高顯著高于受體親本C815S和華328S,華1002S和華1034S的自然結(jié)實率分別只有28.0%和38.0%、低于受體親本C815S以外,其余12個不育系的自然結(jié)實率為47.1%-86.0%,均高于受體親本。在高溫條件下,華1037S和華1015S的開花習(xí)性明顯好于受體親本C815S和廣占63-4S。7、稻米品質(zhì)分析結(jié)果表明,華1034S的理化指標達到了國標三級優(yōu)質(zhì)稻標準,華1035S的整精米率48.8%,直鏈淀粉含量14.1%,其余理化指標都達到了國標二級優(yōu)質(zhì)稻谷標準。其余12個不育系的主要稻米品質(zhì)指標都與受體親本C815S、廣占63-4S和華328S相似。
[Abstract]:Two line hybrid rice is the method of utilizing the Heterosis of hybrid rice invented in China. Compared with three line hybrid rice, the two line hybrid rice has less breeding links, a variety of cytoplasm, free combination and easy selection of high quality and high yield combination. It has become the main cultivation type of hybrid rice in China, but its resistance to disease has not been significantly raised at present. In the breeding of rice photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile line, the breeders mainly pay attention to the improvement of fertility stability, rice quality and combining ability, which make the rice blast and blight resistance of many two hybrid rice are poor, and have seriously affected the rice production in China. The development and application of molecular marker assisted selection technology are effective. Good rice photoperiod and thermo sensitive genic male sterile lines provide technical support for resistance to blast and bacterial blight. This study used molecular marker assisted selection and gene polymerization technology to infiltrate the blast resistant gene Pi2 and Xa7, Xa21 and Xa23 into 3 fine rice light thermosensitive genic male sterile lines, C815S, by hybridization, backcross and crossbreeding. In the background of 63-4S and China 328S, a series of new materials for photoperiod and thermo sensitive genic male sterile lines of rice blast and white leaf blight have been established, and the main agronomic characters and flowering habits, rice quality analysis, combination and yield comparison test have been obtained by cold water treatment, artificial climate box screening, identification of fertility stability, analysis of main agronomic characters and flowering habits, rice quality analysis, combination test and yield comparison test. The results were as follows: 1. 14 Photoperiod Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines with basic stable characters were selected, of which 5 light thermo sensitive genic male sterile lines carrying Pi2 gene were named as 1032S, Hua 1033S, Hua 1034S, Chinese 1037S and Hua 1035S, and 8 sterile lines against white leaf blight were the Chinese 1017S with Xa7 gene, 1006S and China 10 with Xa23 gene, respectively. 09S, the Chinese 1002S, 1005S, Hua 1010S and 1012S, which carry the Xa7 and Xa21 genes, and 1001S with Xa7 and Xa23 genes, and 1 male sterile lines carrying Pi2 and Xa23 genes against rice blast and white leaf blight at the same time. The light thermo sensitive genic male sterile line, Hua 1032S, Hua 1033S, Hua 1034S, Hua 1037S and Hua 1035S, the resistance of rice blast to the highest resistance to the highest resistance, and the Pi2 and Xa23 gene in the Chinese 1015S, the rice blast resistance, the receptor parent C815S and the broad occupied 63-4S all showed high sense. 6 newly selected sterile lines were mixed with the hybrid group of the high sense rice blast recovery line. Rice blast was characterized by moderate resistance to rice blast, while the receptor parent C815S and 63-4S and IR24 were highly susceptible to the combination of 63-4S and IR24. Artificial inoculation of 62 strains of rice blast showed that 6 newly bred lines were resistant to 87.1%-98.4%, while C815S and 63-4S were only 33.9% and 41.9%.ii3., respectively. The results of resistance identification by artificial inoculation showed that 8 sterile lines, such as Chinese 1006S, Hua 1009S, Hua 1002S, Hua 1005S, Chinese 1001S, Hua 1010S, Hua 1012S and Hua 1015S, were resistant to the highest resistance to PXO61, PXO99, GD1358, ZHE173, recurrence, etc., while the receptor parent was susceptible to the 7 strains. In addition to the strain of He N11, 6 strains were susceptible or felt. The hybrid combination of the 8 sterile lines and the restorer line of the blight of the white leaf blight, in addition to a few strains, showed the highest resistance to most of the strains, while the combination of C815S and 63-4S and IR24 was highly sensitive to the 7 strains. With Xa7 gene, PXO99, Fu J and Yu N24, high resistance to ZHE173, anti PXO61 and GD1358, and He N11, the hybrid combinations also have similar manifestations of.4. artificial climate box fertility identification results showed that the critical temperature of fertility conversion of 9 sterile lines, such as Hua Hua, Hua, Hua, Hua, Hua, Hua and Hua, and so on The receptor parent C815S was similar to that of 63-4S, all less than 22 C; the critical temperature of fertility conversion of 1005S and Hua 1010S was between 22 and 23; the critical temperature of the fertility conversion of 1032S and 1033S was between 23 and 24; the critical temperature of the fertility conversion of 1001S was higher than that of 24 C and.5. in Wuhan. S, Hua 1009S, Hua 1002S, Hua 1037S, Hua 1034S, Hua 1012S, Hua 1035S, Hua 1015S, Hua 1017S, Hua 1005S, Hua 1032S and Hua 1033S were similar to their respective recurrent parents. The results showed that the average sowing date of the 14 newly selected sterile lines was 83-92d, which was similar to that of the recipient parent C815S, which accounted for 63-4S and 328S. The main agronomic characters of the sterile stage in Wuhan showed that the plant height of Hua 1034S, Hua 1015S and Hua 1017S was higher than that of the recipient parent C815S, which accounted for 63-4S and 328S, and the main agronomic traits of the other sterile lines and the recipient parent. The main agronomic characteristics of the winter breeding period in Hainan showed that the plant height of China 1002S, Hua 1034S and Hua 1017S was significantly higher than that of the recipient parent C815S and the Chinese 328S, and the natural setting rates of the Chinese 1002S and 1034S were only 28% and 38% respectively, and the natural setting rates of the other 12 sterile lines were higher than those of the recipient parent C815S, and the natural setting rates of the other 12 sterile lines were all high. In the recipient parent, the flowering habits of 1037S and 1015S were better than the recipient parent C815S and 63-4S.7. The results of rice quality analysis showed that the physicochemical index of China 1034S reached the standard of three grade national standard of national standard, the whole essential rice rate of the Chinese 1035S was 48.8%, the amylose content of the amylose was 14.1%, and the residual physicochemical index reached the national standard two. The main rice quality indexes of the other 12 sterile lines are similar to those of the recipient parent C815S, widely occupied by 63-4S and Hua 328S.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S511

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