發(fā)布時間：2018-04-17 07:09

  本文選題：高壓電場 + 谷子種子��； 參考：《山西農業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：電場作為自然界存在物質,對環(huán)境中生物的生長會產生不同程度的影響。利用高壓電場這項物理技術處理植物種子,提高其萌發(fā)活力,促進農業(yè)增產增效已成為生物物理研究的重要內容。本研究中,谷子種子的萌發(fā)試驗在運城農業(yè)職業(yè)技術學院植物生理試驗室進行,生理生化試驗在山西省農科院棉花研究所作物生理試驗室進行,大田試驗在山西省農科院棉花研究所南化農場進行。本試驗以農大八號谷子種子為試材,利用高壓電場發(fā)生裝置處理谷子種子,采用二次通用旋轉組合設計與主成分分析相結合的方法,進行回歸建模,篩選高壓電場處理谷子種子的優(yōu)化條件；在(二因素電場強度和處理時間與發(fā)芽綜合指標Y)回歸建�；�礎上,以Y最大值時,二因素取值作為優(yōu)化電場處理條件(電場強度為340kV/m,處理時間為14min)對谷子種子進行處理,測定萌發(fā)期內源激素含量和α-淀粉酶活性的動態(tài)變化,探討其對谷子種子萌發(fā)生理的影響；在優(yōu)化處理條件的區(qū)間范圍內,采用完全隨機設計的方法,取電場強度為300kV/m,350kV/m、400kV/m,處理時間為5min、10min作為處理條件處理谷子種子,測定并分析谷子種子萌發(fā)期各項生理生化指標的變化情況；在大田實驗中,采用隨機區(qū)組試驗設計方法,探討高壓電場對谷子苗期光合特性及孕穗期抗旱生理的影響,結論如下：1、采用二次通用旋轉組合設計,在電場強度為50-600kV/m、處理時間為5-20min范圍內處理谷子種子,進行種子萌發(fā)實驗。結果表明：各處理的7項發(fā)芽指標與對照之間的差異均達到顯著水平(P0.05),除T_4的發(fā)芽勢、發(fā)芽率和T_5的發(fā)芽率、根長略低于對照外,其余各處理的的發(fā)芽勢、發(fā)芽率、芽長、根長、發(fā)芽指數(shù)、鮮質量和活力指數(shù)均高于對照,尤其是芽長和活力指數(shù)提高的幅度最為明顯,分別為52.47%、31.53%。對以上7項發(fā)芽指標進行主成分分析,得出綜合指標Y=0.357Z_1+0.375Z_2+ 0.372Z_3+0.385Z_4+0.372Z_5+0.384Z_6+0.400Z_7。主成分分析結果表明：經高壓電場處理后,各處理的萌發(fā)活力綜合指標值與對照相比,均有不同程度的提高,綜合排序依次為T_(10)、T_(11)、T_9、T_(13)、T_(12)、T_8、T_2、T_3、T_1、T_7、T_6、T_4、T_5、CK,其中處理T_(10)、T_(11)、T_9、T_(13)、T_(12)所對應的Y值與CK相比,提高幅度較大,T_8也有明顯提高,T_5提高幅度不大。2、對綜合指標Y進行回歸分析,得到電場強度和處理時間對谷子種子發(fā)芽綜合指標Y的數(shù)學模型Y=2.3800+0.7337X_1+0.6985X_2-2.3963X_1~2-0.8963X_2~2-1.0500X_1X_2。結果表明：不同電場處理條件對谷子種子發(fā)芽綜合指標影響均達顯著水平(P0.05),回歸方程與實際情況擬合性較好,能夠較好反映谷子種子發(fā)芽綜合指標與電場強度和處理時間的關系；對模型的主因素效應解析表明：二因素對谷子種子發(fā)芽綜合指標影響效應順序為電場強度處理時間,且都表現(xiàn)為正效應。單因素效應表明：二因素對谷子種子發(fā)芽綜合指標的影響存在臨界效應。二因素耦合效應解析表明：二因素對谷子種子發(fā)芽綜合指標影響有閾值效應,且呈現(xiàn)顯著負交互效應(P0.05)。經模型尋優(yōu),滿足谷子種子發(fā)芽綜合指標≥0.35優(yōu)化方案為：電場強度295-432 kV/m,處理時間10-17min。3、在對綜合指標Y回歸建�；�礎上,以Y為最大值時,電場強度取340kV/m,處理時間取14min,作為電場處理條件對谷子種子進行處理,在種子萌發(fā)的不同階段(萌發(fā)前干種子、種子萌動、胚根長為種子長1倍、2倍、3倍、4倍、發(fā)芽結束)測定其內源激素含量和α-淀粉酶活性的動態(tài)變化。結果表明：高壓電場處理能誘導谷子種子中內源IAA、ZR和GA含量增加,抑制ABA含量的增加；種子萌動前后,內源IAA、GA迅速上升、ABA快速下降,ZR在萌動時也達到極值,有利于胚根突破種皮,促進種子的萌動；GA/ABA、IAA/ABA處理后比值均高于對照,表明高壓靜電場處理后內源激素比值的變化是種子萌發(fā)活力提高的誘因,而ZR/ABA處理在其后呈現(xiàn)了緩慢下降的趨勢,但其值仍高于對照,表明ZR促進種子的萌發(fā),但對后期胚根的伸長貢獻逐步減�。沪�-淀粉酶活性在萌發(fā)過程中呈現(xiàn)逐步快速升高后緩慢下降的變化趨勢,不同萌發(fā)階段,優(yōu)化處理條件下α-淀粉酶活性都要高于對照,這可能與GA對其的誘導調控有關。4、在優(yōu)化區(qū)間內,電場強度取300 kV/m、350 kV/m.400kV/m,處理時間取10 min、15min,采用完全隨機試驗設計對谷子種子進行處理,測定萌發(fā)期生理生化指標。結果表明：各處理的可溶性蛋白(SP)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、過氧化物酶(POD)活性均高于對照,丙二醛(MDA)的含量均低于對照,表明高壓電場處理谷子種子后,可加快種子內營養(yǎng)物質的轉換和種子萌發(fā)過程中代謝活動,促進了種子的萌發(fā),且有效地減輕膜脂過氧化的作用,增強膜系統(tǒng)的修復能力。5、優(yōu)化方案(電場強度取300kV/m、350kV/m.400kV/m,處理時間取10min、15min)處理谷子種子后,采用隨機區(qū)組試驗設計方法進行大田試驗,測定谷子苗期的光合特性。結果表明：各處理組谷子苗期葉片的葉綠素含量、氮含量均高于對照,葉綠素含量的大小順序為T_4T_2T_6T_3T_5T_1CK,氮含量的大小順序為T_2T_4T_3 T_6T_5T_1CK,表明適宜的高壓電場處理谷子種子后,對苗期葉片葉綠素含量、氮含量的提高均有一定的促進作用。苗期葉片在各時段內的凈光合速率(Pn)、蒸騰速率(Tr)、氣孔導度(Gs)均高于對照,胞間CO_2濃度(Ci)均低于對照。光合特性各指標的相關性分析表明：葉片的凈光合速率與蒸騰速率、氣孔導度數(shù)值變化呈極顯著正相關關系(P0.01),與胞間CO2濃度呈顯著負相關關系(P0.05)。6、優(yōu)化方案(電場強度取300kV/m、350kV/m、400kV/m,處理時間取10min、15min)處理谷子種子后,采用隨機區(qū)組試驗設計方法進行大田試驗,利用遮雨棚對谷子生長進行抗旱處理,測定谷孕穗期抗旱生理指標,結果表明：高壓電場處理后的谷子葉片可溶性總糖(SS)含量、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量均高于對照,其中T_4、T_2提高最為明顯,與對照差異均達到顯著水平(P0.05),其余各處理與對照相比,差異不顯著；各處理的SOD、POD酶活性均高于對照,與對照組間的差異都達到顯著水平(P0.05)(除T_1外),T_2、T_4提高幅度較大；各處理的丙二醛含量均低于對照,與對照間差異均達到顯著水平(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:In this study , the germination test of grain seeds is carried out in the plant physiology laboratory of the Institute of Cotton Research in Yuncheng Agricultural College . The physiological and biochemical tests are carried out in the plant physiology laboratory of the Institute of Cotton , Shanxi Academy of Agriculture .
On the basis of ( two - factor electric field intensity and processing time and germinated comprehensive index Y ) regression modeling , taking the Y maximum value , the two factors value as the optimized electric field treatment condition ( electric field intensity is 340kV / m , the treatment time is 14min ) , the dynamic changes of the content of the source hormone and the activity of the alpha - amylase in the germination period are determined , and the influence on the seed germination physiology of the millet seeds is discussed ;
In the interval range of optimal processing conditions , the method of completely random design was adopted , the electric field intensity was 300kV / m , 350kV / m , 400kV / m , the treatment time was 5min , 10min as the treatment condition , the grain seed was treated , and the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes were measured and analyzed .
The effects of high - voltage electric field on photosynthetic characteristics and drought - resistant physiology during booting stage were studied in the field experiment . The results showed that : 1 . The germination rate , germination percentage , bud length , root length , germination index , fresh quality and vigor index of each treatment were significantly higher than those of control . The results showed that the comprehensive indexes were T _ ( 10 ) , T _ ( 11 ) , T _ 9 , T _ ( 13 ) , T _ ( 12 ) , T _ 8 , T _ 2 , T _ 3 , T _ 1 , T _ 7 , T _ 6 , T _ 4 , T _ 5 , and CK . The results showed that T _ ( 10 ) , T _ ( 11 ) , T _ 9 were treated . The Y value of T _ ( 13 ) and T _ ( 12 ) is higher than CK , and the increase of T _ 8 is much higher . T _ 5 is not much larger . The mathematical model Y = 2.3800 + 0.7337X _ 1 + 0.6985X _ 2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X _ 2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X _ 2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X2 - 2.3963X _ 1 ~ 2 - 0.8963X _ 2 ~ 2 - 1.0500X _ 1X _ 2 .
The effects of two factors on the germination comprehensive index of grain seeds were studied . The results showed that the two factors had a threshold effect on the comprehensive index of seed germination . The results showed that two factors had a threshold effect on the comprehensive index of seed germination . The results showed that the high voltage electric field could induce the content of IAA , ZR and GA in the seeds of the grains to increase , and the increase of ABA content was inhibited .
Before and after seed germination , the endogenous IAA , GA increased rapidly , ABA declined rapidly , ZR also reached the extreme value during germination , which was beneficial to the radicle breaking through seed coat and promoting seed germination ;
The ratio of GA / ABA and IAA / ABA was higher than that of control , indicating that the change of endogenous hormone ratio after high - voltage electrostatic field was higher than that of control , while ZR / ABA treatment showed a tendency of slow descent , but the value of ZR / ABA was higher than that of control , indicating that ZR promoted seed germination , but the elongation contribution to the latter was gradually decreased .
The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll and nitrogen in seedling stage were higher than that of control group . The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll and nitrogen in seedling stage were higher than that of control group . The results showed that the content of soluble total sugar ( SS ) and soluble protein ( SP ) of the millet were higher than that of the control group . The results showed that the content of soluble total sugar ( SS ) and soluble protein ( SP ) of the millet were higher than that of the control group after the high voltage electric field treatment .
The activity of SOD and POD in each treatment was higher than that of control group ( P0.05 ) ( except T _ 1 ) , while T _ 2 and T _ 4 increased .
The content of MDA in each treatment was lower than that of control group ( P0.05 ) .

【學位授予單位】：山西農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S515

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