發(fā)布時間：2018-07-01 19:37

  本文選題：馬克思主義理論 + 農(nóng)村土地�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加速推進(jìn),由于征收農(nóng)村集體土地所引起的沖突事件頻繁發(fā)生,已嚴(yán)重影響了農(nóng)村社會秩序的穩(wěn)定與經(jīng)濟(jì)的正常發(fā)展,農(nóng)村征地沖突問題已成為構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的一個巨大阻力。鑒于此,從建設(shè)和諧社會的角度協(xié)調(diào)和化解當(dāng)前中國征地沖突問題迫在眉睫。近年來,隨著征地沖突事件的愈演愈烈,社會各界關(guān)于征地制度改革的呼聲也越來越強(qiáng)烈,其中關(guān)于提高征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和建立失地農(nóng)民的長效保障機(jī)制成為政府和專家學(xué)者共同關(guān)心和思考的問題。繼2014年中央一號文件提出加快推進(jìn)征地制度改革之后,2015年的中央一號文件再次提出審慎穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)農(nóng)村土地制度改革,將建立兼顧國家、集體、個人的土地增值收益分配機(jī)制和完善對被征地農(nóng)民合理、規(guī)范、多元化保障機(jī)制作為農(nóng)村土地制度改革的重點(diǎn)工作�；�于以上背景,本文以馬克思主義理論為研究視角,通過梳理馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家和西方學(xué)者關(guān)于征地沖突的相關(guān)理論,重點(diǎn)剖析了改革開放以來中國征地沖突演變的內(nèi)在邏輯,并選取當(dāng)前中國頗具代表性的征地沖突事件為案例進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)了中國征地沖突的誘發(fā)機(jī)理,從而提出建構(gòu)中國征地沖突的協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制,對于防控和解決中國征地沖突問題具有一定的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。論文第一章是緒論部分,論述了本課題的研究背景與意義、國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)綜述、研究思路及研究方法、創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)及不足之處,為課題研究的全面展開做好充分準(zhǔn)備。第二章是理論基礎(chǔ),主要介紹了與征地相關(guān)的核心概念以及相關(guān)特征。通過對征地與征地沖突的概念進(jìn)行界定,提出了征地沖突的利益相關(guān)者及其之間的矛盾關(guān)系。第三章是理論溯源,本章重點(diǎn)梳理了馬克思主義經(jīng)典作家關(guān)于征地沖突的理論,作為本文進(jìn)行研究的理論依據(jù)。其中包括:馬克思恩格斯的社會沖突理論與地租理論、列寧的土地國有化思想、毛澤東有關(guān)土地產(chǎn)權(quán)關(guān)系的思想、中國特色征地沖突相關(guān)理論。另外,本章還闡述了西方學(xué)者關(guān)于征地沖突的代表性理論,以期借鑒其中合理部分,為構(gòu)建當(dāng)前征地沖突協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制提供參考。第四章剖析了改革開放以來中國征地沖突演變的內(nèi)在邏輯。本章將改革開放以來中國征地沖突發(fā)展演變過程主要劃定為三個階段,分別是征地沖突初顯、升級、復(fù)雜化三個時期。征地沖突的初顯和升級主要是由于征地制度設(shè)計之初的不合理以及征地過程操作不規(guī)范所引起,當(dāng)前征地沖突日趨復(fù)雜化,具體表現(xiàn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)利益沖突、權(quán)利利益沖突和文化觀念沖突錯綜復(fù)雜,征地沖突方式的暴力性傾向嚴(yán)重、征地沖突的社會主體更加細(xì)化。第五章選取了近年來規(guī)模較大、暴力性特征明顯且社會影響惡劣,因此頗具代表性的幾起征地沖突事件作為案例,分別為廣東陸豐的烏坎征地沖突事件、云南晉寧征地沖突事件以及甘肅隴西征地沖突事件,并具體評析了這些沖突事件背后的緣由與共同特點(diǎn)。第六章在第五章案例分析的基礎(chǔ)上,從四個方面闡述了中國征地沖突演變的誘發(fā)機(jī)理。第一,從農(nóng)村土地產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的不完善角度具體指出了土地產(chǎn)權(quán)劃分不完整、農(nóng)村征地立法工作存在缺陷、征地補(bǔ)償制度不完善;第二,從征地制度的發(fā)展與市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的不適應(yīng)角度指出了征地補(bǔ)償費(fèi)用依然偏低、農(nóng)村土地價格不斷攀升、失地農(nóng)民社會保障缺失;第三,從地方政府管理者的利益驅(qū)動與整合不力角度指出了地方政府征地程序缺失、農(nóng)村村委會組織管理失范、地方政府征地過程缺乏監(jiān)督、各級政府的整合能力不高;第四,從農(nóng)民自身因素方面提出了失地農(nóng)民維權(quán)行為失當(dāng)、失地農(nóng)民能力發(fā)展受限、農(nóng)民的社會地位處于劣勢;第七章提出建構(gòu)中國征地沖突的協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。通過第六章對征地沖突演變的誘發(fā)機(jī)理的分析,本章相應(yīng)提出了建構(gòu)征地沖突的法律制度協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制、社會經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制、政府行政協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制以及風(fēng)險防控機(jī)制。在建構(gòu)法律制度協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制上提出建立完善的征地法律體系、健全農(nóng)村土地征地補(bǔ)償制度、強(qiáng)化農(nóng)村土地征收監(jiān)督機(jī)制;在建構(gòu)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制上提出提高征地補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、構(gòu)建征地收益分配機(jī)制、建立就業(yè)培訓(xùn)和扶持機(jī)制;在建構(gòu)政府行政協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制上提出嚴(yán)格地方政府的征地程序、規(guī)范村委會的組織管理職能、整合各級政府的征地職能;在構(gòu)建風(fēng)險防控機(jī)制上提出加強(qiáng)應(yīng)對沖突的預(yù)警功能、構(gòu)建征地沖突的預(yù)警體系和建立征地項目負(fù)責(zé)制的措施,旨在以此作為預(yù)防和治理征地沖突的手段。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the frequent occurrence of conflicts caused by the collection of rural collective land has seriously affected the stability of the rural social order and the normal development of the economy. The conflict of rural land expropriation has become a huge resistance to the construction of a socialist harmonious society. It is urgent to coordinate and resolve the problem of land expropriation conflict in China. In recent years, with the intensifying of the land expropriation conflict, the voice of the reform of the land requisition system is becoming more and more intense. Among them, the government and experts and scholars have concerned and thought about improving the standard of land requisition compensation and establishing the long-term guarantee mechanism of the landless peasants. After the central No. 1 document of 2014 proposed to accelerate the reform of the land expropriation system, the central No. 1 document of 2015 put forward a prudent and steady advance in the reform of the rural land system, which will set up the distribution mechanism of the land value added benefits of the country, the collective and the individual, and perfect the rational, standardized and diversified guarantee machine for the land expropriated farmers. For the key work of the reform of rural land system, based on the above background, this paper, taking Marx's theory as the research perspective, analyzes the internal logic of the evolution of land expropriation conflict in China since the reform and opening up, and selects the current China as a substitute for the evolution of land expropriation conflict since the reform and opening up. This paper analyses the case of land expropriation conflict, summarizes the inducing mechanism of the land expropriation conflict in China, and puts forward a coordination mechanism for the construction of land expropriation conflict in China. It has some theoretical and practical significance to prevent and solve the problem of land expropriation conflict in China. The first chapter of the paper is the ready part, and discusses the background and significance of the research. In the second chapter, the second chapter is the theoretical basis, mainly introduces the core concepts and related features related to land expropriation, and defines the concept of the conflict between land expropriation and land expropriation, and puts forward the interests of the land expropriation conflict. The third chapter is the theoretical origin of the theory. This chapter focuses on the theory of Marx's classical writers on the land expropriation conflict, which is the theoretical basis for the study. It includes the theory of Marx Engels's social conflict and the land rent theory, Lenin's land nationalization thought, Mao Zedong about the real estate. In addition, this chapter also expounds the representative theory of the western scholars on land expropriation conflict in order to provide reference for the construction of the current land expropriation conflict coordination mechanism. The fourth chapter analyzes the internal logic of the reform and opening to the evolution of land expropriation conflict in China. Since the reform and opening up, the process of the development and evolution of the land expropriation conflict in China has been mainly divided into three stages, namely, the initial display, the upgrading and the complexity of the land expropriation conflict in three periods. The initial display and upgrading of the land expropriation conflict are mainly caused by the unreasonable design at the beginning of the land expropriation system and the unstandard operation of the land expropriation process, and the current conflict of land expropriation is becoming more and more complex, The specific performance is the conflict of economic interests, the conflict of rights and the conflict of cultural concepts, the violent tendency of the way of land expropriation and the more detailed social subject of the land expropriation conflict. The fifth chapter selects several representative conflicts of land expropriation because of the larger scale, the obvious violent character and the bad social influence in recent years. As a case, they are the clash of land expropriation and land expropriation in Lufeng, Guangdong, Jinning land expropriation conflict in Yunnan and Longxi land expropriation conflict in Gansu, and detailed analysis of the causes and common characteristics behind these conflicts. The sixth chapter expounds the lure of the evolution of land expropriation conflict in four aspects on the basis of the case analysis of the fifth chapter. First, from the imperfect angle of rural land property right, it points out that the division of land property is incomplete, the legislation of rural land expropriation is defective and the compensation system of land expropriation is not perfect; second, it is pointed out that the cost of land requisition compensation is still low from the angle of the development of the land expropriation system and the market economy, and the price of rural land is constant. Rising, the social security of the landless peasants is missing. Third, from the angle of interest driven and integration of local government managers, the lack of local government land requisition procedures, the anomie of village committee organization and management, the lack of supervision in the process of local government land expropriation, the low integration ability of governments at all levels, and fourth, from the farmers' own factors have been put forward. In the seventh chapter, the mechanism of constructing the conflict of land expropriation conflicts is analyzed. In this chapter, the legal system for the construction of land expropriation conflicts and the social and economic coordination mechanism are put forward in this chapter. The government administrative coordination mechanism and the risk prevention and control mechanism put forward a perfect legal system of land expropriation, perfect compensation system for land expropriation in rural areas, strengthen the supervision mechanism of land expropriation in rural areas, raise the compensation standard for land expropriation and construct the distribution mechanism of land expropriation income in the construction of social and economic coordination mechanism. Establish the employment training and support mechanism, put forward the land requisition procedure of strict local government, standardize the organization and management function of the village committee, integrate the land requisition function of the government at all levels, and put forward the early warning power of strengthening the conflict prevention in the construction of the risk prevention and control mechanism, and build the early-warning system of the land expropriation conflict and the establishment of the land expropriation. The project responsibility system is designed as a means to prevent and control land expropriation conflicts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F301.2

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