發(fā)布時間：2018-06-29 01:17

  本文選題：活動鏈 + 燃油附加費��； 參考：《華中科技大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：本論文使用基于活動鏈的建模方法,研究了燃油附加費政策和在線零售方式對居民活動鏈與出行行為的影響,以及基于活動方法的交通悖論問題。研究結果為評價燃油附加費政策和在線零售方式對城市交通與居民行為的影響提供理論依據,同時,為避免交通基礎設施投資中出現悖論現象提供分析工具。首先,研究了多方式交通網絡中燃油附加費政策對居民出行活動鏈的影響。以社會福利最大化為目標,在一個多方式時變交通網絡中,建立燃油附加費和公共交通服務優(yōu)化模型。該模型顯式地考慮了燃油附加費和公共交通發(fā)車頻率對居民出行成本的影響,用戶根據出行成本和活動收益選擇全天的活動鏈、出發(fā)時間、活動時間長度、出行路徑和交通方式,實現自身凈效用最大化。設計了啟發(fā)式算法來求解該模型,得到最優(yōu)的燃油附加費和公共交通發(fā)車頻率。該研究可以揭示燃油附加費政策的實施對居民出行活動、系統能源消耗以及社會福利的影響,同時比較了政策實施前后,居民活動持續(xù)時間、系統燃油消耗以及社會總福利的變化情況。其次,研究了在線購物方式對居民出行活動鏈的影響,提出的模型考慮了兩類零售商,一類是在線零售商,一類是實體店零售商。居民可以根據自身效用選擇購物方式,在確定購物方式之后,選擇全天的活動鏈、活動持續(xù)時間和出行路徑,并確定購物量。在線零售方式出現之前,居民全部選擇到實體店進行購物,每個居民最大化自身凈效用,從而達到用戶均衡。當在線零售方式出現之后,居民可以選擇實體店購物或網絡在線購物,以便最大化自身的凈效用,從而達到新的用戶均衡。對比了在線零售方式出現前后,交通系統中總交通量、居民活動安排、商品價格的變化情況,并分析了政府的稅收政策對居民活動、實體店零售商、在線零售商、交通系統總交通量的影響。最后,在城市交通網絡中,使用基于活動鏈的建模方法探討B(tài)raess悖論現象。論文使用基于活動鏈的建模方法和基于出行的建模方法對居民行為分別進行建模,居民關于活動鏈、出發(fā)時間、出行路徑、活動持續(xù)時間的選擇均衡問題被轉化為一個等價的變分不等式模型。數值例子表明當交通供給或活動邊際效用發(fā)生變化時,基于活動鏈的模型和基于出行的模型在Braess悖論現象的結果是不同的。在基于活動鏈的模型中,隨著活動邊際效用地變大,出現悖論的公共交通發(fā)車頻率的范圍會變小。此外,給出了引起交通悖論的區(qū)域,這個區(qū)域是由活動邊際效用和公共交通發(fā)車頻率共同決定。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of fuel surcharge policy and online retail mode on residents' activity chain and travel behavior, as well as the problem of traffic paradox based on activity method, are studied by using activity-based chain modeling method. The results provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the impact of fuel surcharge policy and online retail mode on urban traffic and residents' behavior, and provide an analytical tool for avoiding paradoxical phenomena in transportation infrastructure investment. Firstly, the effect of fuel surcharge policy on residents' travel activity chain in multi-mode transportation network is studied. In order to maximize social welfare, an optimization model of fuel surcharge and public transport service is established in a multi-mode time-varying transport network. The model explicitly considers the effect of fuel surcharge and public transportation departure frequency on the travel cost of residents. According to the travel cost and activity income, users choose the whole day activity chain, departure time, activity time length. Travel path and traffic mode, realize its own net utility maximization. A heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the model and obtain the optimal fuel surcharge and public transport departure frequency. This study can reveal the impact of fuel surcharge policy on residents' travel activities, system energy consumption and social welfare, and compare the duration of residents' activities before and after the implementation of the policy. Changes in system fuel consumption and total social welfare. Secondly, the influence of online shopping mode on residents' travel activity chain is studied. The proposed model considers two types of retailers, one is online retailer, the other is physical store retailer. The residents can choose the shopping way according to their own utility. After determining the shopping mode, they can choose the whole day activity chain, activity duration and travel path, and determine the amount of shopping. Before the emergence of online retail, all residents choose to shop in physical stores, and each resident maximizes their own net utility, thus achieving user balance. When the online retail mode appears, residents can choose physical shop or online shopping, in order to maximize their own net utility, so as to achieve a new user balance. This paper compares the changes of total traffic volume, residents' activity arrangement and commodity price in the transportation system before and after the emergence of online retail mode, and analyzes the tax policy of the government on residents' activities, physical store retailers, online retailers, etc. The influence of the total traffic volume of the transportation system. Finally, in urban transportation networks, the Braess paradox is discussed by using the method of activity chain modeling. In this paper, the activity chain based modeling method and the trip based modeling method are used to model the behavior of the residents, and the residents are concerned about the activity chain, departure time, travel path. The selective equilibrium problem of activity duration is transformed into an equivalent variational inequality model. Numerical examples show that when the traffic supply or marginal utility of activity changes, the results of the Braess paradox are different between the model based on activity chain and the model based on travel. In the model based on activity chain, the range of departure frequency of public transportation with paradox will become smaller as the marginal utility of activity becomes larger. In addition, the region causing traffic paradox is given, which is determined by the marginal utility of activity and the frequency of public transportation.
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F713.55

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