瀝青混合料黏彈性表征及細觀力學預測
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-21 12:21
【摘要】：瀝青混合料是一種典型的顆粒填充復合材料。在大多數(shù)車輪荷載作用下,它僅產(chǎn)生非常小的應變,工程上可將其假設為線性黏彈性材料。基于此假設,美國2002版力學-經(jīng)驗路面設計指南(MEPDG)采用以Sigmoida丨函數(shù)表示的單軸瀝青混合料動態(tài)模量(|E*|)主曲線作為瀝青結(jié)構(gòu)層的基本材料表征參數(shù)之一。動態(tài)模量的使用代表了瀝青路面設計從彈性方法到黏彈性方法的過渡。但從本質(zhì)上看,MEPDG仍然是基于層狀體系理論的彈性設計方法,這是因為代表瀝青結(jié)構(gòu)層剛度的動態(tài)模量僅能表征瀝青混合料的頻率和溫度依賴性,而不能考慮其現(xiàn)實存在的與加載歷史相關的力學行為。為了實現(xiàn)完全意義上的黏彈性瀝青路面設計,需要進行系統(tǒng)化的瀝青混合料黏彈性表征方法及細觀力學復數(shù)模量(E*)預測方法研究。為此,本文主要開展了以下工作:(1)針對兩種瀝青混合料進行了不同溫度、不同加載頻率下的單軸小應變復數(shù)模量試驗。在全面分析動態(tài)模量、相位角、儲能模量和損耗模量特征的基礎上,建立了一種基于Havriliak-Negami(HN)復數(shù)模量模型的瀝青混合料黏彈性表征方法。分別采用直接法和Wicket圖法確定了 HN模型的參數(shù),并將擬合結(jié)果與傳統(tǒng)Sigmoidal方法的計算結(jié)果進行了詳細的比較分析,證明了 HN方法的優(yōu)勢。(2)鑒于廣義Maxwell模型和廣義Voigt模型顯著的計算效率,在構(gòu)建HN復數(shù)模量主曲線的基礎上,結(jié)合瀝青混合料試驗數(shù)據(jù)的自身特征,給出了確定黏彈性離散時間譜和連續(xù)時間譜的統(tǒng)一算法。結(jié)果表明,所建立的這兩種方法均能精確地表征瀝青混合料在時域和頻域內(nèi)的線性黏彈性行為�；趯嵱眯缘目紤],本文還討論了如何將連續(xù)時間譜方便地轉(zhuǎn)換為相應的離散時間譜,并給出了一種確定縮減主曲線的計算方法。(3)為了更好地表征瀝青混合料在三軸應力狀態(tài)下的黏彈性行為,本文深入研究了圍壓對瀝青混合料復數(shù)模量和時間-溫度移位因子的影響�；谕茖С龅腍N連續(xù)松弛譜模型和一個存在的平衡模量模型,建立了一個圍壓依賴的三軸HN復數(shù)模量模型。結(jié)果表明,建立的三軸HN模型不僅能夠在頻域內(nèi)精確、完整地表征三軸復數(shù)模量的所有分量,還可以方便地轉(zhuǎn)換為時域內(nèi)對應的三軸松弛模量主曲線,而無需進行相對復雜的變換運算。(4)另外,考慮到瀝青結(jié)合料(或膠漿)流變學特性對于瀝青混合料性能預測的重要性,建立了一個統(tǒng)一的能夠快速合并來自彎曲梁流變儀(BBR)和動態(tài)剪切流變儀(DSR)兩種不同溫區(qū)、不同加載模式下的流變試驗線性黏彈性信息的方法,從而實現(xiàn)了材料在完整路面服務溫度和加載頻率范圍內(nèi)的黏彈性表征。(5)最后,詳細分析了集料嵌鎖增強效應對于瀝青混合料復數(shù)模量各分量主曲線的影響,闡述了傳統(tǒng)的細觀力學方法在預測瀝青混合料復數(shù)模量方面的缺點。在此基礎上,建立了一個在傳統(tǒng)瀝青混合料細觀力學復數(shù)模量預測模型中考慮集料嵌鎖效應的方法。結(jié)果表明,該方法有效地克服了傳統(tǒng)模型在高溫、低頻加載條件下預測值偏低的缺點;此外,由于沒有改變?nèi)魏卧心Ｐ偷膸缀谓Y(jié)構(gòu),建立的方法保留了傳統(tǒng)細觀力學模型簡單、實用的優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:Asphalt mixture is a typical particle-filled composite material. Under most wheel loads, it produces very small strain and can be assumed to be a linear viscoelastic material in engineering. Based on this assumption, the Mechanics-Empirical Pavement Design Guidelines (MEPDG) 2002 in the United States adopts the Sigmoida_ function for single-axis asphalt mixture. Dynamic modulus (| E * |) principal curve is one of the basic material characterization parameters of asphalt structure layer. The use of dynamic modulus represents the transition of asphalt pavement design from elastic method to viscoelastic method. Modulus can only characterize the frequency and temperature dependence of asphalt mixture, but can not consider its actual mechanical behavior related to loading history. In order to achieve a full sense of viscoelastic asphalt pavement design, it is necessary to systematically study the viscoelastic characterization method of asphalt mixture and the prediction method of meso-mechanical complex modulus (E*). In this paper, the following work has been carried out: (1) Uniaxial small strain complex modulus tests of two kinds of asphalt mixtures at different temperatures and loading frequencies have been carried out. Viscoelastic characterization of asphalt mixtures. The parameters of HN model were determined by direct method and Wicket diagram method respectively, and the fitting results were compared with those calculated by traditional Sigmoidal method in detail. The advantages of HN method were proved. (2) In view of the remarkable computational efficiency of generalized Maxwell model and generalized Voigt model, HN model was constructed. Based on the complex modulus principal curve and the characteristics of asphalt mixture test data, a unified algorithm for determining the viscoelastic discrete time spectrum and continuous time spectrum is presented. The results show that both methods can accurately characterize the linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixture in time domain and frequency domain. Considering the effect of confining pressure on the complex modulus and time-temperature of asphalt mixture under triaxial stress, this paper also discusses how to convert the continuous time spectrum into the corresponding discrete time spectrum conveniently and gives a calculation method for determining the reduced principal curve. Based on the derived HN continuous relaxation spectrum model and an existing equilibrium modulus model, a tri-axial HN complex modulus model with confining pressure dependence is established. The results show that the tri-axial HN model can not only accurately characterize all components of tri-axial complex modulus in frequency domain, but also conveniently transform them. In addition, considering the importance of the rheological properties of asphalt binder (or mortar) for predicting the performance of asphalt mixtures, a unified rapid combination of bending beam rheometer (BBR) and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was established. The linear viscoelastic information method of rheological test in two different temperature zones and different loading modes is used to realize the viscoelastic characterization of materials in the range of service temperature and loading frequency. (5) Finally, the influence of aggregate interlocking reinforcement effect on the principal curves of complex modulus components of asphalt mixture is analyzed in detail, and the transmission is expounded. Based on the shortcomings of traditional meso-mechanics methods in predicting the complex modulus of asphalt mixture, a method considering aggregate interlocking effect in traditional meso-mechanics complex modulus prediction model of asphalt mixture is established. The results show that this method can effectively overcome the bias of traditional models under high temperature and low frequency loading conditions. In addition, the proposed method retains the advantages of simplicity and practicality of the traditional meso-mechanical model because it does not change the geometric structure of any original model.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U414
本文編號：2195721
[Abstract]:Asphalt mixture is a typical particle-filled composite material. Under most wheel loads, it produces very small strain and can be assumed to be a linear viscoelastic material in engineering. Based on this assumption, the Mechanics-Empirical Pavement Design Guidelines (MEPDG) 2002 in the United States adopts the Sigmoida_ function for single-axis asphalt mixture. Dynamic modulus (| E * |) principal curve is one of the basic material characterization parameters of asphalt structure layer. The use of dynamic modulus represents the transition of asphalt pavement design from elastic method to viscoelastic method. Modulus can only characterize the frequency and temperature dependence of asphalt mixture, but can not consider its actual mechanical behavior related to loading history. In order to achieve a full sense of viscoelastic asphalt pavement design, it is necessary to systematically study the viscoelastic characterization method of asphalt mixture and the prediction method of meso-mechanical complex modulus (E*). In this paper, the following work has been carried out: (1) Uniaxial small strain complex modulus tests of two kinds of asphalt mixtures at different temperatures and loading frequencies have been carried out. Viscoelastic characterization of asphalt mixtures. The parameters of HN model were determined by direct method and Wicket diagram method respectively, and the fitting results were compared with those calculated by traditional Sigmoidal method in detail. The advantages of HN method were proved. (2) In view of the remarkable computational efficiency of generalized Maxwell model and generalized Voigt model, HN model was constructed. Based on the complex modulus principal curve and the characteristics of asphalt mixture test data, a unified algorithm for determining the viscoelastic discrete time spectrum and continuous time spectrum is presented. The results show that both methods can accurately characterize the linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixture in time domain and frequency domain. Considering the effect of confining pressure on the complex modulus and time-temperature of asphalt mixture under triaxial stress, this paper also discusses how to convert the continuous time spectrum into the corresponding discrete time spectrum conveniently and gives a calculation method for determining the reduced principal curve. Based on the derived HN continuous relaxation spectrum model and an existing equilibrium modulus model, a tri-axial HN complex modulus model with confining pressure dependence is established. The results show that the tri-axial HN model can not only accurately characterize all components of tri-axial complex modulus in frequency domain, but also conveniently transform them. In addition, considering the importance of the rheological properties of asphalt binder (or mortar) for predicting the performance of asphalt mixtures, a unified rapid combination of bending beam rheometer (BBR) and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) was established. The linear viscoelastic information method of rheological test in two different temperature zones and different loading modes is used to realize the viscoelastic characterization of materials in the range of service temperature and loading frequency. (5) Finally, the influence of aggregate interlocking reinforcement effect on the principal curves of complex modulus components of asphalt mixture is analyzed in detail, and the transmission is expounded. Based on the shortcomings of traditional meso-mechanics methods in predicting the complex modulus of asphalt mixture, a method considering aggregate interlocking effect in traditional meso-mechanics complex modulus prediction model of asphalt mixture is established. The results show that this method can effectively overcome the bias of traditional models under high temperature and low frequency loading conditions. In addition, the proposed method retains the advantages of simplicity and practicality of the traditional meso-mechanical model because it does not change the geometric structure of any original model.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U414
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